Notes

Dysphagia administration: Can organised coaching increase the credibility and also reliability of cervical auscultation?
This study aimed to analyze the influences of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Fc gamma receptor IIA (FCGR2A) on postoperative outcomes after lung transplantation (LTx). We enrolled 191 lung transplant recipients (80 undergoing living-donor lobar lung transplants [LDLLTs] and 111 undergoing deceased-donor lung transplants [DDLTs]) in this study. We identified SNPs in FCGR2A (131 histidine [H] or arginine [R]; rs1801274) and reviewed the infectious complication-free survival after ICU discharge. The SNPs in FCGR2A comprised H/H (n=53), H/R (n=24), and R/R (n=3) in LDLLT, and H/H (n=67), H/R (n=42), and R/R (n=2) in DDLT. Recipients with H/H (H/H group) and those with H/R or R/R (R group) were compared in the analyses of infectious complications. In multivariate analyses, the R group of SNPs in FCGR2A was associated with pneumonia-free survival (HR 2.52 [95% confidence interval CI 1.35-4.71], p=0.004), fungal infection-free survival (HR 2.50 [95% CI 1.07-5.84], p=0.035), and cytomegalovirus infection-free survival (HR 2.24 [95% CI 1.07-4.69], p=0.032) in LDLLT but it was not associated with infectious complication-free survival in DDLT. Therefore, in LDLLT, more attention to infectious complications might need to be paid for LTx recipients with H/R or R/R than for those with H/H.
Diphenylamine (DPAH) and its derivatives have been widely used as antioxidants. Its antioxidation behaviors are started to form diphenylamino radical (DPA radical, DPA
) by loss of hydrogen atom through reaction with oxygen or ozone. DPAH was oxidized by ozonation to produce DPA
and the DPA
was directly detected using APCI-MS. Influence of the oxidation time on generation of the DPA
and consumption of DPAH was also investigated.

Experiments were performed using the home-made ozone bubbling apparatus for oxidation of DPAH. The 1,000 ppm DPAH solution in acetone was stirred during the ozonation. The oxidized sample was diluted 100 fold and analyzed using APCI-MS. Structures and energies of DPAH, DPA radical, and detected ions were obtained by electronic structure calculations using Spartan'10 and Gaussian09.

The DPA
was detected in the positive APCI-MS as a form of DPAH
by proton transfer reaction with protonated acetone. Formation of the DPAH
from DPA
was more favorable than that of the [DPAH + H]
from DPAH and it was also much more favorable than that of the DPA
from DPA
. By increasing the oxidation time, relative abundance of the DPAH
was increased whereas that of the [DPAH + H]
was notably decreased.

Existence of the DPA
was directly analyzed using APCI-MS. The DPAH and DPA
were differently detected as [DPAH + H]
and DPAH
, respectively. Direct APCI-MS analysis was a suitable technique for identification and quantitation of the DPA radical.
Existence of the DPA• was directly analyzed using APCI-MS. The DPAH and DPA• were differently detected as [DPAH + H]+ and DPAH•+ , respectively. Direct APCI-MS analysis was a suitable technique for identification and quantitation of the DPA radical.The striatonigral and olivopontocerebellar systems are known to be vulnerable in multiple system atrophy (MSA), showing neuronal loss, astrogliosis, and alpha-synuclein-immunoreactive inclusions. MSA patients who displayed abundant neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions (NCIs) in the regions other than the striatonigral or olivopontocerebellar system have occasionally been diagnosed with variants of MSA. In this study, we report clinical and pathologic findings of MSA patients characterized by prominent pathologic involvement of the hippocampus. We assessed 146 consecutively autopsied MSA patients. Semi-quantitative analysis of anti-alpha-synuclein immunohistochemistry revealed that 12 of 146 patients (8.2%) had severe NCIs in two or more of the following areas the hippocampal granule cells, cornu ammonis areas, parahippocampal gyrus, and amygdala. In contrast, the remaining 134 patients did not show severe NCIs in any of these regions. Patients with severe hippocampal involvement showed a higher representation of wlvement of hippocampal neurons. This phenotype may reinforce the importance of neuronal alpha-synucleinopathy in the pathogenesis of MSA.Cadmium (Cd2+ ) is cardiotoxic to fish, but its effect on the electrical excitability of cardiac myocytes is largely unknown. To this end, we used the whole-cell patch-clamp method to investigate the effects of Cd2+ on ventricular action potentials (APs) and major ion currents in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) ventricular myocytes. Trout were acclimated to +4 °C, and APs were measured at the acclimated temperature and elevated temperature (+18 °C). Cd2+ (10, 20, and 100 µM) altered the shape of the ventricular AP in a complex manner. The early plateau fell to less positive membrane voltages, and the total duration of AP prolonged. These effects were obvious at both +4 °C and +18 °C. The depression of the early plateau is due to the strong Cd2+ -induced inhibition of the L-type calcium (Ca2+ ) current (ICaL ), whereas the prolongation of the AP is an indirect consequence of the ICaL inhibition at low voltages of the early plateau, the delayed rectifier potassium (K+ ) current (IKr ) remains small, delaying repolarization of AP. Cd2+ reduced the density and slowed the kinetics of the Na+ current (INa ) but left the inward rectifier K+ current (IK1 ) intact. These altered cellular and molecular functions can explain several Cd2+ -induced changes in impulse conduction of the fish heart, for example, slowed propagation of the AP in atrial and ventricular myocardia (inhibition of INa ), delayed relaxation of the ventricle (prolongation of ventricular AP duration), bradycardia, and atrioventricular block (inhibition of ICaL ). https://www.selleckchem.com/EGFR(HER).html These findings indicate that the cardiotoxicity of Cd2+ in fish involves multiple ion currents that are directly and indirectly altered by Cd2+ . Through these mechanisms, Cd2+ may trigger cardiac arrhythmias and impair myocardial contraction. Elevated temperature (+18 °C) slightly increases Cd2+ toxicity in trout ventricular myocytes. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;001-12. © 2021 SETAC.
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