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Discussion Understanding regarding Pullulan-Mediated Gamma-Irradiated Silver precious metal Nanoparticle Activity and Its Medicinal Task.
3% (n = 544/1,854) of all three-digit codes. A total of 30.6% (n = 542/1,773) of indications were supported by ≥2 questionnaires. Conclusions The current Vade-mecum covers more than half of all AMPs, used for more than one fourth of all ICD-10 three-digit codes. The Vademecum approach may be relevant for medicinal products from other whole medical systems.Introduction Smaller muscle size and higher adipose tissue ratio of the quadriceps femoris are often observed after stroke. However, it is unclear whether muscle size and the intramuscular fat ratio of the quadriceps measured with ultrasonography (US) reflect gait independence in individuals with mild or severe hemiparetic stroke. Objective The present study was performed to examine the relationships of gait independence with muscle thickness (MT) and echo intensity (EI) of the quadriceps femoris in individuals with hemiparesis after stroke. Methods We examined 43 individuals with hemiparetic stroke. We assessed functional independence measure (FIM) gait scores and measured thickness and EI of the quadriceps using US. The relationships of FIM gait scores with MT and EI were examined using Spearman's correlation coefficients in mild (n = 21) and severe (n = 22) hemiparetic stroke groups. Results In the mild hemiparetic group, FIM gait scores were correlated with paretic limb MT (rho = 0.60, p less then 0.01) and EI (rho = -0.57, p less then 0.01). In the severe hemiparetic group, FIM gait scores were correlated with paretic limb MT (rho = 0.67, p less then 0.01) and EI (rho = -0.43, p less then 0.05), as well as non-paretic limb MT (rho = 0.86, p less then 0.01) and EI (rho = -0.56, p less then 0.01). Conclusions Quadriceps thickness and EI were associated with the degree of gait independence. Atrophy and increased intramuscular fat of the quadriceps may be limiting factors for achieving gait independence.Optimum management of the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm infants remains one of the most debated topics within the field of neonatology. Despite numerous observational studies and over 60 randomized control trials, consensus on PDA management remains elusive. In order to make meaningful progress on the controversial issue of PDA management, several key factors must be thoroughly addressed; namely (1) accurate identification of infants at greatest risk of long-term morbidities from PDA exposure, (2) acceptance that the PDA is not a dichotomous entity and an individualised approach to its management is required for each neonate, (3) international consensus on what constitutes a haemodynamically significant PDA and (4) the incorporation of multi-organ assessment when evaluating the impact a PDA may pose on overall neonatal physiology. This review assesses the evidence base available supporting various therapeutic strategies for PDA, the deficits in our current knowledge on the definition of haemodynamic significance and future directions to pursue in order to more successfully address this contentious subject.Introduction There are gaps in literature regarding outcome of multiple polyps and dilemmas in the management issues in polyposis syndromes in children. Objective We aimed to study the clinical behaviour of gastrointestinal (GI) polyps with emphasis on therapeutic outcomes of polyposis syndrome. Methods Proven cases of GI polyp(s) on endoscopy were classified as, single polyp, multiple polyps and polyposis syndrome. Complex presentation was defined as one or more of the following severe anemia, anasarca, intussusception, rectal mucosal prolapse, diarrhea. A clinico-endoscopic criteria was applied in polyposis syndrome patients for the decision of surgery versus endoscopic therapy with surveillance. Results Of total 240 patients, there were no significant differences between single (52.5%, n=126) vs. multiple polyps (27.5%, n=66) with respect to age, symptoms, histology and recurrence. Polyposis syndrome (20%, n=48) presented with complex symptoms (50%), higher family history, significantly lower hemoglobin, total protein and albumin as compared to single and multiple polyps (p less then 0.01). 19 polyposis patients with favourable clinico-endoscopic criteria were endoscopically eradicated for polyps in 3 (1-4) sessions with sustenance of laboratory parameters at 1 year and 30% symptomatic recurrence at follow-up of 23.5 (7-40) months. There were no major endoscopic complications. 19 patients required proctocolectomy with improvement in laboratory parameters 6 months post-surgery. Conclusions Multiple polyps behave similar to single polyps in children. A clinico-endoscopic criteria may guide for optimal management of polyposis syndrome. Colectomy may be effectively deferred in a large proportion of polyposis syndrome patients if maintained on an endoscopic protocol.Background The relationship between the amount of adipose tissue and advanced-stage liver cirrhosis with esophageal varices (EV) is unknown. We aimed to reveal the prognostic significance of adipose tissues in patients with liver cirrhosis. Methods We enrolled 87 patients with EV who received initial endoscopic treatment and underwent scheduled treatments in our hospital. Computed tomography (CT) images were obtained of a 5-mm slice at the umbilical level. We evaluated the effect of mortality based on the visceral adipose tissue index (VATI), subcutaneous adipose tissue index (SATI), and visceral subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio (VSR). Results Cox hazard multivariate analysis showed that the presence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC; hazard ratio [HR] 4.650, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.750-12.353, P = 0.002), γ-GTP (HR 1.003, 95% CI 1.001-1.006, P = 0.026) and VATI (HR 1.057, 95% CI 1.030-1.085, P less then 0.001) significantly affected mortality. Cox hazard multivariate analysis for liver-related death was also significantly affected by HCC (HR 1.057, 95% CI 1.030-1.085, P less then 0.001) and VATI (HR 1.052, 95% CI 1.019-1.086, P = 0.002). The difference between the Child-Pugh scores 12 months post-treatment and that during initial treatment were significantly positively correlated with VATI (r = 0.326, P = 0.027). Patients with high VSR had a significantly higher frequency of HCC after EV treatment by Kaplan-Meier analysis (P = 0.024). Conclusion Our findings suggest that VATI measured by CT could significantly predict mortality in cirrhosis patients through decreasing liver function and increasing HCC frequency and appropriately controlling VATI could improve their prognosis.Objectives To investigate the prevalence of asymptomatic coronary artery stenosis (CAS) using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) in Korean men with erectile dysfunction (ED). Subjects and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted. Subjects were 108 men who underwent CCTA at a health promotion center in Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital. Each subject who was evaluated for ED using the International Index of Erectile Dysfunction (IIEF) questionnaire, did not have past history and symptoms of coronary artery disease. We assessed association between ED and CCTA-based CAS. Results The overall prevalence of ED was 57.4%; furthermore, age (P=0.001) and fasting blood glucose (P=0.035) were the metabolic risk factors that were most significantly associated with the presence of ED. The overall frequency of CAS was 31.5% and ED (P=0.022), age (P less then 0.001), fasting blood glucose (P=0.021) and total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (P=0.029) were significantly associated with the presence of CAS. The prevalence of CAS was 40.3% and 19.6% in the ED group and non-ED group, respectively. Men with ED were 2.778 times more likely to present with CAS than those without ED (OR=2.778, 95% CI 1.143-6.749, P=0.024); however multivariate logistic regression analysis, while controlling for age, total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein-cholesterol and fasting blood glucose, suggested that the absence of a significant association between ED and CCTA-based CAS. Conclusion This study shows that CCTA-based CAS is a common phenomenon with men who have ED. Furthermore, ED patients without no cardiac symptoms need to be investigated for the possibility of hidden CAD.Background Myxofibrosarcoma (MFS) is among the most highly complex sarcoma types. Molecular cytogenetic studies have identified a high level of genomic complexity. Summary This review provides an update of the current research related to MFS, with particular emphasis on emerging mechanisms of tumorigenesis and their potential therapeutic impact. Many novel possible molecular markers have been identified, not only for prognostication in MFS, but also to serve as possible therapeutic targets, and thereby improve clinical outcomes. However, the molecular pathogenesis of MFS remains incompletely understood. Key Messages Patients suffering from advanced MFS might benefit from expanded molecular evaluation in order to detect specific expression profiles and identify drug-able targets. Moreover, immunotherapy represents an intriguingly perspective due to the presence of "T-cell inflamed" tumor microenvironment.Natural killer T (NKT) cells rapidly produce Th1 and Th2 cytokines such as interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin (IL)-4. find more This study examined the frequency and function of NKT cells in trauma patients. Frequencies, proliferative responses to α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), and Th1/Th2 cytokine secretion levels of NKT cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from trauma patients and healthy controls (HC) were measured by flow cytometry. Circulating NKT cell levels were significantly reduced in trauma patients. Proliferation and IFN-γ production of circulating NKT cells in response to α-GalCer were markedly decreased in trauma patients. CD69 expression levels produced by NKT cells were significantly upregulated in trauma patients compared to those in HC. In addition, annexin V+ NKT cells were profoundly increased in trauma patients after α-GalCer stimulation. Trauma patients had higher plasma levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α compared to HC. In particular, the proliferative response of NKT cells to α-GalCer was significantly decreased in the presence of these cytokines. Such decrease was partially recovered after treatment with blocking antibodies against these cytokines. This study demonstrates that circulating NKT cells are numerically deficient and functionally impaired in IFN-γ production in trauma patients. These findings provide an important insight into the trauma-related innate immune response.Degree of genomic instability closely correlates with poor prognosis, drug resistance as well as poor survival across human cancer of different origins. This study assessed the relationship between DNA damage response (DDR) and chromosome instability in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We investigated DDR signaling in HCC cells by analyzing DNA damage-dependent redistribution of major DDR proteins to damaged chromatin using immunofluorescence microscopy and Western blotting experimentations. We also performed gene conversion and metaphase analyses to address whether dysregulated DDR may bear any biological significance during hepatocarcinogenesis. Accordingly, we found that HCC cell lines suffered from elevated spontaneous DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). In addition, analyses of HCC metaphases revealed marked aneuploidy and frequent sister chromatid exchanges when compared to immortalized hepatocytes, the latter of which were further induced following camptothecin-induced DSBs. We propose that genomic instability in HCC may be caused by erroneous DNA repair in a desperate attempt to mend DSBs for cell survival and that such preemptive measures inadvertently foster chromosome instability and thus complex genomic rearrangements.
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