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Assessment frameworks for electronic medical technology: analysis, examination, and also advice. A summary of the particular literature.
Microplastics pollution and their interaction with heavy metal ions have gained global concern. It is essential to develop models to predict the sorption capacity of heavy metal ions onto microplastics in global aquatic environments, and to connect the laboratory study results with the field measurement results. In this paper, the artificial neural networks (ANN) models were established based on literature data. for The results showed that the ANN model could predict the sorption capacity of heavy metal ions (including Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, and Zn) onto microplastics in the global environments with high correlation coefficient (R) values (0.926∼0.994). The predicted sorption capacity was influenced by the initial concentration of heavy metal ions and the salinity in surrounding water. The predicted sorption capacity in rivers and lakes was higher than that in the ocean. Aged microplastics had higher affinity to heavy metal ions than virgin microplastics. The predicted sorption capacity of Cd, Pb, and Zn ions onto large microplastics (5 mm) was less than 0.12 μg/g. The predicted amount was in agreement with the field measurement results, suggesting that the laboratory studies can provide useful information for projecting the sorption capacity of heavy metal ions onto microplastics in global aquatic environments.The present study was designed to identify recently (or rarely) recognized or unreported substances (RRS or URS) contained in the effluents from water treatment plants in two industrialized urban areas, Gumi and Daegu, in Korea. In addition to 30 initial targets, 72 substances were identified through suspect and non-target screening (SNTS). Among them were 4 RRSs and 22 URSs, respectively. The quantitative analyses were applied to 35 pharmaceuticals, 15 pesticides, 13 poly-/perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs), 2 organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs), 2 corrosion inhibitors, and 3 metabolites. The highest average concentration was observed for benzotriazole, followed by those for niflumic acid, and metformin. Effluents from Gumi mainly contained benzotriazole and metformin whereas niflumic acid and tramadol were the major components in effluents from Daegu. According to a scoring system based on risk relevant parameters, higher priorities were given to telmisartan, PFOA, and cimetidine. Yet, priorities for some substances were area specific (e.g., benzotriazole from Gumi, PFASs from Daegu), reflecting differences in industry profiles and populations. Many of the RRSs and URSs were recognized as potential hazards. The new identifications and evaluations should be taken into consideration for constant monitoring and management, as do the previously recognized contaminants.It is desirable to develop novel multipurpose phase change materials (PCMs) with improved energy storage and release characteristics. In this study, the utility of a nanocomposite composed of a metal-organic framework (MOF) and graphite was explored for shape-stable PCMs. The prepared MOF-integrated graphite featured favorable structural characteristics (such as large specific surface area (550.6 m2/g), increased total pore volume, and dominant mesopore structure). The obtained composite with a high energy storage capacity (111.4 J/g) exhibited an electrical resistivity that was at least 7 orders of magnitude lower than that of the pristine PCM. In addition, the alkane possessed enhanced chemical compatibility with the supporting scaffolds, outstanding shape, and thermal stabilities. The strong structural connectivity, high specific surface area, and pore size distributions (micro/mesopores) of the scaffolds play a remarkable role in large PCM infiltration ratio, high electrical conductivity, and improved thermal properties of as-prepared composites. It was also suggested that the cavities of the MOF, filled with graphite and the π-π interactions between strand ligands, generate favorable pathways in the nanocomposites. Subsequently creates a supramolecular "wire-like" paths and reduce the resistivity of the parent materials. Therefore, this multifunctional material shows the potential for applications in electro/thermal energy management systems.In order to ensure the performance and safety of electronic products, a large number of polymeric insulation resins are used as housing materials. When electronic products are discarded as e-waste, these resins containing organobromine compounds and antimony trioxide as flame retardants are difficult to be disposed of by traditional recycling methods, due to their excellent resistance to acid, alkali, high temperature and photooxidation. It not only brings the hazardous risks for environmental protection, but also hinders the recovery of resources in e-waste. In this study, supercritical water oxidation(SCWO) process was applied to decompose waste high-impact polystyrene(HIPS) resin in e-waste combining debromination of decabromodiphenyl ethane and recovery of antimony trioxide. The results showed that HIPS could be quickly and efficiently decomposed during SCWO process. The optimum SCWO parameters were temperature of 500 ℃, holding time of 60 min, pressure of 23 MPa, and excess oxygen of 200 %, respectively. The decomposition products of HIPS were hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide and water. Meanwhile, brominated flame retardants and antimony trioxide added to the HIPS were also debrominated and recovered. Without secondary pollution, the SCWO process developed in this study could effectively achieve decomposition of HIPS resins, debromination of brominated flame retardants and recovery of antimony trioxide in one procedure.Picloram (PCR), a vastly utilized chlorinated herbicide, is very stable in water and soil with severe ecological and health impacts. It is necessary to establish a fast and highly sensitive technique for accurately detecting trace level PCR in agricultural and environmental samples. We employed a temperature-responsive poly(N-vinylcaprolactam)-tethered multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-PVCL) decorated gold nanoparticles (Au@MWCNT-PVCL) catalyst on the electrochemical sensor for the sensitive "On/Off" switch-like detection of PCR. The effect of temperature-sensitive catalyst surface chemistry on electrocatalytic activity was scrutinized. Results showed that the hydrophilic surface of PVCL at 25 °C (LCST) that immensely upgraded PCR oxidation on the catalyst in the electrochemical reaction, signifying the "On" state. The detection of the Au@MWCNT-PVCL modified electrode ranged from 0.02-183 μM with a low detection limit (LOD) of 1.5 nM at 40 °C toward PCR. The proposed sensor was successfully used to detect PCR in real agricultural and environmental samples.The emission characteristics of respirable particulate matter (PM10), and polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) size distribution, gas-particle partitioning and occupational exposure in two e-waste recycling workshops (manual and thermal dismantling workshop ManuDW and TherDW) were investigated. The PM10 mass concentration was higher but the number concentration was lower in the ManuDW than in the TherDW. The gaseous phase PBDE concentration (40.5 ng/m3) was higher in the ManuDW than in the TherDW (10.6 ng/m3) while the particulate phase PBDE concentration was just reverse (57.7 vs 156 ng/m3). The size distribution of particle was similar for two workshops but the size distribution of particle-bound PBDE exhibited remarkable differences. BDE-209 was the dominant congener in particle-bound PBDE in the TherDW, while Tri-, Tetra-, and Deca-BDE were the three most abundant homologues in the ManuDW. The size distribution of particle-bound PBDE homologue profile in the ManuDW was also distinct from that in the TherDW. The PBDE exposure doses were 13.9 and 15.3 ng/kg/day in the ManuDW and the TherDW, far lower than reference doses. Gaseous and particle phase have same contribution to the total doses in the ManuDW but the exposure doses in the TherDW mainly come from the particle phase.Presence of heavy metals in sludge can severely limit land application due to their bioavailability. The current work studied distribution and risk as well as leaching toxicity of heavy metals in textile sludge treated with hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) at different conditions. Treatment temperature and time can significantly affect characteristics of heavy metals in sludge. For the treatment at 220 °C and 3 h, the content of Cu, Cr, Mn, and Zn existed in form F1 + F2 (water soluble and bound to carbonate and Fe-Mn oxides) dropped by 4.7, 7.1, 8.8, and 7.3%, while the content of Cu, Cr, and Mn in form F4 (bound to quartz, feldspars, etc) increased by 12.9, 19.1, and 10.6%, respectively. This effectively lowered the bioavailability and leaching rate of heavy metals in sludge. Addition of weak alkaline Al(OH)3 could efficiently force the transformation of F1 to F4, possibly because of the increased pH value of sludge. HTC processing might be an effective way of fixing heavy metals in textile sludge.Search for simple and efficient recycling methods to utilize spent lithium-ion batteries is crucial for achieving sustainable resource development and reducing the hazardous materials released from the spent batteries. Herein, we have developed a new strategy to utilize the spent LiFePO4 batteries by utilizing the cathode plate as raw material to synthesize mesoporous core-shell adsorbent Mm@SiO2 (Mm denoted as the magnetic material) through a simple alkaline leaching process. The as-converted material exhibits excellent adsorption capacity when it has been used to remove heavy metal ions in heavy metal polluted water. The adsorption capacities for Cu2+, Cd2+, and Mn2+ have been achieved up to 71.23, 80.31 and 68.73 mg g-1, respectively. The detailed adsorption mechanism has been elucidated with comprehensive characterization techniques, including TEM, XPS, NEXAS, and EXAFS, the edge shared [Cu2O8] bipyramids can be fit against the EXAFS data to represent the atomic-scale local structure after Mm@SiO2 adsorbs Cu2+. The present work demonstrates a novel routine to reutilize the spent lithium batteries, which is of great importance to achieve sustainable development based on the "waste-to-treasure" and "waste-to-control-waste" strategy for simultaneously reducing the hazardous release from industrial solid waste and heavy metal polluted water.For the first time, zinc chloride activation method was used to prepare waste paper-based activated carbon in this study. Angiotensin II human cell line The structure, morphology, surface functional groups and particle size distribution of the activated carbon was study using automatic specific surface area analyzer, FTIR, Boehm titration, X-ray diffraction, SEM and EDS. The specific surface area of the activated carbon is up to 1987 m2/g. Cumulative pore volume is up to 2.586 cm3/g, with micropore volume accounting for 92 %. Methylene blue adsorption performance results shown that the adsorbent has achieved high removal efficiency (99.65 % in 10 min, uptake = 996.5 mg/g), its maximum adsorption capacity has reached 1657 mg/g. The pHpzc of the adsorbent was determined to explore the adsorption mechanism, its results shown that electrostatic adsorption occurs between adsorbents and adsorbents at pH higher than pHpzc (pHpzc = 3.2). Moreover, adsorption mechanism was studied by various isothermal models, thermodynamic models, kinetic models. Redlich-Peterson isotherm model best describes the adsorption experiment, which indicated that the adsorption follows a non-ideal and mixed adsorption mechanism.
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