Notes

Boosting electrocatalytic exercise of carbon fiber@fusiform-like copper-nickel LDHs: Sensing of nitrate because biomarker for NOB diagnosis.
When given to rats intravenously, the extract showed hypotensive effect. Experimental findings justified the traditional uses of Indigofera argentea on pharmacological basis for the management of disorders pertaining to gut, airway and hypertensive situation.Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni a non-caloric, safe and natural sweetener has been shown pharmaceutically important in the management of blood disorders. This study was designed to investigate hematology and safety of stevia aqueous extract through animal modeling. For this purpose, fifty albino rats were categorized into 5 groups and all the groups were received aqueous stevia extract at different dosage levels (200, 300, 400 and 500 ppm/kg b. wt) for 8 weeks except control group. Hematological and toxicological analyses were conducted using standard recommended procedures. The results indicated that biochemical parameters (RBC, HB, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, WBC, eosinophils, lymphocytes and neutrophils) of albino rats significantly (P less then 0.05) increased and PLT, MPV and monocytes levels non-significantly decreased by using aqueous extract of stevia at different levels after eight weeks of study. Furthermore, Stevia aqueous extracts had non-toxic effect on liver functioning tests. However, stevia aqueous extracts were insignificant in their impression regarding organ to body weight ratios. The stevia aqueous extract has positive effect on hematological parameters of albino rats and is toxicologically safe. Therefore it could be used as a natural remedy for the management of hematological disorders without any health hazards.Ranunculus scleratus Linn. is used in folk medicine to treat hypertension. This study was aimed at providing validation to its traditional use and to explore underlying mechanisms of action. Effects of hydro-ethanolic crude extract of the plant and its fractions on blood pressure was evaluated using direct surgical method in normotensive and in fructose induced hypertensive rats. Various doses of crude extract, RSC, (5, 10, 20, 30mg/kg) and all fractions (3, 5, 10, 20mg/kg) were studied. Results suggested that aqueous fraction of R. Elamipretide scleratus (RSA) produced most pronounced effects at 10mg/kg in normotensive and at 20mg/kg in hypertensive animals. Underlying mechanisms, using various pharmacological antagonists were also elucidated. Results suggested the involvement of muscarinic receptor, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition, ganglionic block and nitric oxide (NO) release in presenting hypotensive response.Here, new phenoxide derivatives of diisopropyl flourophosphate for reaction with Lewis basic sites on acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) were designed. Such binding interaction or reaction inhibits the hydrolysis of the acetylcholine (ACh) neurotransmitter thus enhancing its concentration. This increased neurotransmitter concentration can enhance memory and cognition thus improving symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease and down syndrome. For docking analysis, we particularly targeted those reception sites on AChE that interacts with the ACh. This led to structural design of derivatives of diisopropyl phenoxyphosphate with controlled reactivity stemming from para substituted phenoxide leaving group. Impact of electron donating (CH3, OCH3) and withdrawing substituents (COCH3) on para position of phenol group on rate of acyl addition elimination reaction was modeled using QM DFT technique. Difference in activation energy between electron donating and withdrawing substituents on phenoxide was noted hence making the derivatives of diisopropyl phenoxyphosphate less reactive and more selective. Docking also confirmed binding of designed derivatives with AChE. Hence novel derivatives with high binding energy and controlled reactivity were designed for retrosynthesis.Controlled release formulations are administered once a day and reduce frequency of dose and ensuring patient's compliance. In the current research controlled release matrices of losartan potassium formulated with polymeric combinations of ethocel grade 7 with carbopol 934P NF using different concentrations of polymers. In some polymeric tablets, Co-excipients like CMC, Starch, HPMC was added by replacing of 10% of filler in formulations at 105. Tablets were prepared by direct compression method and evaluated for physicochemical characteristics. USP Method-1 (rotating basket method) was used to carry out dissolution study in phosphate buffer pH 6.8. Drug release kinetics determined and comparison of dissolution patterns was done with reference tablets. The polymeric combinations well retarded drug release and drug was released by anamolous non-fickian diffusion mechanism. Dissolution profiles of tested tablets and reference tablets were found not similar. Drug release rate was increased by co-excipients. It was concluded from this research work that this polymeric combination can be used efficiently in designing of controlled release martices.Sorghum halepense L (Poaceae), ordinarily it is known as Johnson grass and locally as baru. This study was designed to find the vascular mechanisms underlying the hypotensive activity of S. halepense. In this study, effect of S. halepense seed extract/fractions on various blood pressure parameters were evaluated in normal and fructose induced hypertensive rats by invasive technique. Possible underlying hypotensive mechanism of active fraction was determined by using various pharmacological inhibitors. S. halepense extract/fractions vasorelaxant effect were also evaluated on rat aorta rings in organ bath and various intracellular signaling pathway inhibitors were used for determination of underlying mechanisms. S. halepense extract/fractions produced blood pressure lowering effect with most significant effect by its aqueous soluble fraction at dose of 10mg/kg. This effect was attenuated by pretreatment of atropine. Aqueous soluble fraction produced endothelium dependent vasorelaxation in rat aortic rings that was inhibited by pretreatment of atropine after phenylephrine induced contraction. The vasorelaxant effect of aqueous soluble fraction was attenuated by potassium channel blockers and also produced inhibitory effect on calcium entry through calcium channels. It also suppressed phenylephrine induced contraction like verapamil. By HPLC analysis found vanillic acid and naringinin in it. In conclusion, aqueous soluble fraction of S.halepense possess phytoconstituents which may be responsible for hypotensive and vasorelaxant effect of Sorghum halepense.Origanum majorana (OM) is known to have antioxidant properties. The present work was designed to evaluate, for the first time, the hepato/nephroprotective, immunomudulatory and antibacterial potentials of OM leaves acetone extract (OMLE). OML was collected from Al-Soudah, Aseer, Saudi Arabia, and OMLE was prepared. Active biomolecules were screened utilizing FT-IR spectroscopy, protein electrophoresis and HPLC. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured using ELISA. Male rats were treated with OMLE and livers, kidneys and sera were collected. Liver enzymes, kidney function markers, antioxidants in liver and kidney tissues and tumor markers were quantitated. OMLE immunomodulatory potentials were tested using rat splenocytes. Antimicrobial power was tested against Gram negative/positive bacteria. The extract contained many functional biomolecules and ROS but no sugars and proteins. OMLE treatment did not affect liver and kidney functions or the tumor markers. There were some changes in measured antioxidant biomolecules. The extract is not harmful to hepatocytes as indicated by levels of AST and ALT. It is not carcinogenic as it did not make any changes in tumor marker levels. The extract could modulate the splenocytes. The use of OMLE is useful in protecting normal vital organs from oxidative stress. It can also be used as immunostimulant.Cancer chemotherapy can lead to the mycobacterial infections. Tuberculosis has been reported a serious complication in leukemia patients who undergo chemotherapy. The study was focused to find mutations in hupB gene of M. tuberculosis in 50 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients through semi multi complex PCR. A column based DNA isolation method was adopted for DNA isolation. The gene for histone-like protein (hupB [Rv2986c]) of M tuberculosis was amplified to detect two closely related mycobacterial species. Primers M and S (histone like protein HupB) were utilized to generate amplicons of 318 bp and 291 bp for M. tuberculosis and M. bovis, respectively. Out of fifty ALL patients, 21 (42%) were females and 29 (58%) were males. The prevalence of ALL was found higher in males as compared to females. The prevalence of ALL was higher in patients of age group 5-10 years. The results of the amplification showed that, the 318 bp fragment specific for M. tuberculosis was observed in seven samples (14%), while 291 bp fragment specific for M. bovis was not observed in any sample. Children with ALL were found at higher risk for tuberculosis. A risk evaluation of tuberculosis infection must be conducted before managing chemotherapy.Euphorbia nivulia a locally occurring plant species possesses antiseptic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties and is ethnopharmacologically used in various ailments like skin, ear disorders, boils, and worm infestation. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed presence of flavonoids, polyphenolics, glycosides, alkaloids, tannins and triterpenoids in (70% aqueous-ethanolic) Euphorbia nivulia crude extract (En cr) and its four fractions, i.e., hexane fraction (En hex), butanol fraction (En bt), chloroform fraction (En ch), and aqueous fraction (En aq). In current study, Agar well diffusion and time-kill kinetic assays were performed for antimicrobial activity. 300 mg/ml concentration showed maximum inhibitory zone. Highest zone of inhibition (15.5mm) was demonstrated by En ch fraction against Proteus mirabilis. Staphyllococcus aureus was the most sensitive bacteria against whom all fractions except En aq fraction were active. Maximum MIC (15.3 mg/ml) was shown by En ch fraction against Proteus mirabilis. Similarly, En ch fraction showed (15.1 mg/ml) remarkable MIC against Candida albicans. Significant higher antibacterial and antifungal activity was revealed in high concentration. Time-kill kinetics studies revealed bacteriostatic action. Noteworthy antimicrobial activity may be due to bioactive compounds of extract which may be a potential antibacterial and antifungal agent.Stroke represents the third - leading cause of death after heart and neoplastic is ease and is one of the biggest cause of disability worldwide. Cardioembolism, through its principal mechanism - atrial fibrillation - constitute an important cause of ischemic stroke. Otherwise, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) has been associated with a twofold increase in stroke risk. The study aims at highlighting significant associations between several risk factors of stroke -LVH and atrial fibrillation (AF), respectively LVH and cardiac stenosis contributeng to ischemic stroke. The study comprised of 256 patients with stroke, hospitalized in the County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Sibiu, Romania; they were examined by ultrasound by echocardiography and carotid Duplex echography. The patients were divided in subgroups that were later compared to one another 167 patients had atrial fibrillation (group A), 89 patients did not have atrial fibrillation (group B). Then both groups were divided in 2 subgroups (with or without LVH).
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