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lled in the majority of patients at the time of CaP diagnosis. While oncologic outcomes were similar between HIV+ and HIV- men, significant differences in treatment selection were observed. Further research is necessary to understand differences in treatment election by HIV status and to define optimal CaP treatment selection in men with HIV.
Tachycardia is a reliable predictor of adverse outcomes in normotensive patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE). However, different prognostic relevant heart rate thresholds have been proposed. The aim of the study was to investigate the prognostic performance of different thresholds used for defining tachycardia in normotensive PE patients.

We performed a post-hoc analysis of normotensive patients with confirmed PE consecutively included in a single-centre and a multi-centre registry. An adverse outcome was defined as PE-related death, need for mechanical ventilation, cardiopulmonary resuscitation or administration of catecholamines.

Of 1567 patients (median age 72 [IQR, 59-79] years; females 46.1%) included in the analysis, 78 patients (5.0%) had an in-hospital adverse outcome. The rate of an adverse outcome was higher in patients with a heart rate ≥100bpm (7.6%) and ≥110bpm (8.3%) compared to patients with a heart rate <100bpm (3.0%). A heart rate ≥100bpm and ≥110bpm was associated with a 2.7 (95% CI 1.7-4.3) and 2.4-fold (95% CI 1.5-3.7) increased risk for an adverse outcome, respectively. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/fluoxetine.html Receiver operating characteristics analysis revealed a similar area under the curve with regard to an adverse outcome for all scores and algorithm (ESC 2019 algorithm, modified FAST and Bova score) if calculated with a heart rate threshold of ≥100bpm or of ≥110bpm.

Defining tachycardia by a heart rate ≥100bpm is sufficient for risk stratification of normotensive patients with acute PE. The use of different heart rate thresholds for calculation of scores and algorithm does not appear necessary.
Defining tachycardia by a heart rate ≥100 bpm is sufficient for risk stratification of normotensive patients with acute PE. The use of different heart rate thresholds for calculation of scores and algorithm does not appear necessary.
Cricket administrators have started scheduling long-form matches which finish at night and are played with a pink as opposed to a red ball. However, there are reports that the pink ball may introduce new dangers and alter performance. The aim of this study was to investigate professional cricketers' opinions about the visibility of the pink ball whilst playing in different lighting conditions (afternoon, dusk and night).

Purposeful sampling of a cross-section of elite cricketers with pink ball experiences playing in the United Kingdom.

Eighty-eight international or first-class professional cricketers completed a questionnaire consisting of Likert scale and free text responses to questions covering perceptions of the pink ball, with a particular emphasis on visibility.

The pink ball was reported as less visible than the red ball when batting (p<0.001) and fielding (p<0.001). Within the three lighting conditions the pink ball was significantly less visible at dusk under floodlights compared to afternoon and night both when batting and fielding (ps<0.001). Free text comments confirmed that visibility of the pink cricket ball was most challenging at dusk (coverage 0.37), and that players sometimes experienced a blurring sensation with the pink ball leaving a visual 'trail' when viewed under floodlights (coverage 0.24).

Results advocate that governing bodies should consider the inclusion of a break in play during dusk to enhance player safety and performance. Empirical research is needed to quantify the risks to player safety in different lighting conditions.
Results advocate that governing bodies should consider the inclusion of a break in play during dusk to enhance player safety and performance. Empirical research is needed to quantify the risks to player safety in different lighting conditions.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of preoperative oral carbohydrate on postoperative serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and albumin levels in patients laparoscopic surgery.

This is an experimental study with intervention and control groups.

Sixty-six patients who underwent elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included (intervention, n=33; control, n=33). The patients in the intervention group were given 400mL of oral liquid carbohydrate 2hours before surgery. Blood samples were collected from the two groups with serum CRP and albumin levels measured 2hours before surgery and 24hours postoperatively.

CRP levels in the intervention group 2hours before surgery and 24hours postoperatively were higher than the control group (P= .028; P= .014, respectively). CRP levels of the patients in the intervention group 24hours postoperatively (26.98±18.60mg/L) were higher than the preoperative level (9.37±15.68mg/L) (P<.001). The CRP level of the patients in the control group 24hours postoperatively (16.24±16.01mg/L) was higher than the preoperative level (3.11±3.12mg/L) (P<.001). There was no difference between the serum albumin levels of the patients in the intervention and control groups measured 24hours postoperatively (P= .103).

We determined that 400mL oral liquid carbohydrate given preoperatively had no anabolic effect on serum CRP and albumin levels.
We determined that 400 mL oral liquid carbohydrate given preoperatively had no anabolic effect on serum CRP and albumin levels.
This study was conducted to examine the effect of local hot and cold applications on pain, anxiety level, insertion time, and vein evaluation before peripheral venous catheter (PVC) insertion.

This randomized controlled trial was conducted with 90 patients who were hospitalized in the cardiology department of a university hospital.

All the data were collected using a patient information form, the Numeric Rating Scale, and Vein Assessment Scale for the assessment of pain and anxiety. Before PVC was inserted, the researcher applied a hot application or a cold application to the catheter insertion site for 1minute.

Pain level was found to be significantly lower in the hot and cold application groups than the control group, and no difference was determined between the hot and cold application groups. The anxiety levels of the patients were significantly lower in the hot application group than the cold application and control groups (P < .05).

Applying local hot and cold application before inserting the PVC reduced both pain and anxiety levels of the patients.
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