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PURPOSE To develop and validate a robust template for VMAT SBRT of lung lesions, using the multicriterial optimization (MCO) of a commercial treatment planning system. METHODS The template was established and refined on 10 lung SBRT patients planned for 55 Gy/5 fr. To improve gradient and conformity a ring structure around the planning target volume (PTV) was set in the list of objectives. Ideal fluence optimization was conducted giving priority to organs at risk (OARs) and using the MCO, which further pushes OARs doses. Segmentation was conducted giving priority to PTV coverage. Two different templates were produced with different degrees of modulation, by setting the Fluence Smoothing parameter to Medium (MFS) and High (HFS). Each template was applied on 20 further patients. Automatic and manual plans were compared in terms of dosimetric parameters, delivery time, and complexity. Statistical significance of differences was evaluated using paired two-sided Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS No statistically significant differences in PTV coverage and maximum dose were observed, while an improvement was observed in gradient and conformity. A general improvement in dose to OARs was seen, which resulted to be significant for chest wall V30 Gy , total lung V20 Gy , and spinal cord D0.1 cc . MFS plans are characterized by a higher modulation and longer delivery time than manual plans. HFS plans have a modulation and a delivery time comparable to manual plans, but still present an advantage in terms of gradient. CONCLUSION The automation of the planning process for lung SBRT using robust templates and MCO was demonstrated to be feasible and more efficient. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Physicists in Medicine.PURPOSE Garcinia kola (bitter kola) is locally ingested across the West African subregion. It has ocular hypotensive effects similar to some commonly used glaucoma medications when administered topically. The study assessed the effect of oral ingestion of G. kola on intraocular pressure (IOP). METHOD A randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over design was used in this study. Forty-six healthy subjects, aged between 19 and 27 years were recruited and randomized into two groups (A and B). Subjects in group A ingested 100 mg/kg body weight bitter kola in a 200 ml solution on their first visit and group B ingested 200 ml of water. On the second visit, the order of treatment was reversed, IOP was measured at baseline and every 45 min interval for 135 min. The mean difference between the baseline and post-treatment IOP measurements were tested for statistical significance using repeated-measures analysis of variance (95% confidence intervals [CIs]). RESULTS Mean IOP measurements decreased by 7.9, 18.2 and 20.6% at 45, 90 and 135 min, respectively, after G. kola treatment. The reduction, though variable across subjects, was statistically significant (F [2.13, 95.62] = 90.35, p less then 0.0001) across the respective time points. Repetition of an identical protocol without G. kola caused clinically negligible changes in IOP. There was no statistically significant influence of gender or age in G. kola effect on IOP reading. CONCLUSION Oral ingestion of G. kola lowered the intraocular pressure of healthy young adults by 21%. Such an effect may be of therapeutic benefit to patients with POAG or ocular hypertension in low-income settings. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sn-001.html © 2020 Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica Foundation. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.We present the R package and web app statcheck to automatically detect statistical reporting inconsistencies in primary studies and meta-analyses. Previous research has shown a high prevalence of reported P-values that are inconsistent - meaning a re-calculated P-value, based on the reported test statistic and degrees of freedom, does not match the author-reported P-value. Such inconsistencies affect the reproducibility and evidential value of published findings. The tool statcheck can help researchers to identify statistical inconsistencies so that they may correct them. In this paper, we provide an overview of the prevalence and consequences of statistical reporting inconsistencies. We also discuss the tool statcheck in more detail and give an example of how it can be used in a meta-analysis. We end with some recommendations concerning the use of statcheck in meta-analyses and make a case for better reporting standards of statistical results. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.AIMS To explore whether or not aberrant expression of miR-29b in Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) cells was associated with Temozolomide (TMZ) resistance and to elucidate potential underlying mechanisms. METHODS Up-regulation of miR-29 in GBM cells was achieved by transfecting miR-29b mimics. Changes in cell viability were measured by using CCK-8 assays. Flow cytometry and TUNEL assays were used to quantify the number of apoptotic cells. Theexpression levels of apoptosis-related proteinsas well as autophagy-associatedproteins, and the expression levels of both apoptotic and autophagic genes were determined by Western blotting. Autophagy flux was monitored by transfecting mRFP-GFP-LC3 adenovirus. We halted autophagy by introducing Atg 5 specific siRNA or the autophagy inhibitor Bafilomycin A1 (Baf-A1). We also employed a GBM xenograft mice model to confirm the role of miR-29b in vivo. RESULTS miR-29b overexpression induced inhibition of cell viability, and also induced apoptosis and autophagy in U251 and U87MG cells. Furthermore, up-regulation of miR-29b was able to potentiate the level of anti-tumor activity of TMZ against tested cells. We also found that autophagy induced by miR-29b, at least partially, contributed to the increase of TMZ sensitivity in GBM cells. As was evidenced by blockade of autophagy, the application of Atg 5 siRNA or Baf-A1 was able to significantly reverse these effects. Consistent with observations in vitro, findings ofin vivo assessment also confirmed that overexpression of miR-29b was able to effectively halt tumor growth and enhance the anti-tumor activity of TMZ. CONCLUSION miR-29b potentiates TMZ sensitivity against GBM cells by inducing autophagy and the combined use of miR-29 mimic and TMZ might represent a potential therapeutic strategy for GBM patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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