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Differential Phenolic Compounds and also Hormonal Piling up Styles between Early- and Mid-Maturing Nice Cherry (Prunus avium L.) Cultivars during Fresh fruit Advancement and Ripening.
Moreover, the calculation of odor activity value (OAV) suggested that γ-octa-, γ-nona-, and γ-decalactone, as well as furaneol and homofuraneol contributed greatest to the aroma of icewines.Recent studies introduced ohmic heating-assisted extraction (OHAE) as a promising emerging technology at laboratory-scales. The objectives of the present study were, first, to investigate the applicability of OHAE at pilot-scale for extraction of bioactive compounds from wheat bran immersed in a polar solvent (salted water containing 0.1% NaCl) at the electric field strengths (EFS) of 4.28, 7.90, and 15.71 V/cm and, second, to evaluate the effects of the wheat extracts on the corn oil stability during 30 days of storage at 45 °C. The results showed that OHAE saved 63% of energy consumption compared with the conventional extraction method. Also, the scaled-up OHAE unit yielded extracts with high quantities of bioactive compounds (110-460 ppm total phenolics) and higher antioxidant activities (antioxidant effectiveness of 56-84%) than those of the extract obtained through the conventional extraction method, i.e., 95 ppm total phenolics with antioxidant effectiveness of 51%. Increasing the EFS increased total phenolics and antioxidant effectiveness of extracts. The incorporation of 250 ppm of the extract obtained at the highest EFS effectively postponed the oxidation of corn oil during one month of storage (peroxide value of 7 vs. 19 meq/kg compared with the control sample) and extended the half-life of oil from 11 to 26 days. Besides, mathematical models proposed in this study well-predicted the oxidation stability of the oil samples mixed with the extract.Yacon syrup is a rich source of fructooligosaccharides (FOS); however, its diet supplementation effect on subjective sensation and appetite biomarkers in human is still unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the acute postprandial effect of yacon syrup ingestion on appetite. The double-blind crossover clinical trial was carried out with 40 adult women 20 eutrophic and 20 obese grade I. On each day, the first blood collection was performed after a 12-h fast. Then, the volunteers ingested either intervention A (breakfast + 40 g of placebo) or intervention B (breakfast + 40 g of yacon syrup, containing 14 g of FOS). New aliquots of blood were collected at 45, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min. Appetite was assessed by estimating ghrelin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels and by assessing subjective appetite sensation. Analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni's multiple comparison test. No effect of yacon syrup was observed on postprandial ghrelin and GLP-1 levels at all times evaluated. Similar observations were made after stratifying the analysis by BMI (body mass index) (eutrophic and obese). The effect of yacon syrup on postprandial subjective sensations of hunger, satiety, fullness, and desire to eat was not evident in the total group of women evaluated and even after BMI stratification. We concluded that yacon syrup had no effect on postprandial ghrelin and GLP-1 levels and on the subjective appetite sensation in young adult women.Interaction between proteins and anthocyanins spontaneously occurs in most of food systems, resulting the formation of protein-bound anthocyanin compounds, and the interactions between anthocyanins and proteins might impact activity of anthocyanins. In the present study, predominant anthocyanin compounds in free anthocyanin compounds from purple sweet potato (FAC-PSP) were identified and protein in protein-bound anthocyanin compounds from purple sweet potato (p-BAC-PSP) were assayed. Furthermore, the effects of pre-treatment of cells with p-BAC-PSP and FAC-PSP on cell viability, inflammatory mediators, reactive oxygen species, cytokines and gene expression were determined in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages. The results revealed 17 protein groups and pigmented polymers in p-BAC-PSP, and 3 different anthocyanins in FAC-PSP. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in the anti-inflammatory effect between p-BAC-PSP and FAC-PSP. p-BAC-PSP significantly (p less then 0.05) reduced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthases (iNOS) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by LPS, thereby suppressing the release of NO and TNF-α. Moreover, p-BAC-PSP markedly inhibited LPS-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation via heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Further analysis revealed that p-BAC-PSP suppressed both LPS-induced activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and the nuclear translocation of activator protein-1 (AP-1). Our research suggested that naturally occurring p-BAC-PSP has the potential to be a dietary supplement with anti-inflammatory effect, which would meaningful from the actual utilization points of view for purple sweet potato production industry.Hibiscus sabdariffa L. is widely acknowledged as an important source of value-added compounds as natural pigments and bioactive compounds whose isolation is of great interest in food industry. Due to the incessant demand of green extraction procedures, NADESs have emerged in the last years as new green solvents alternative to the conventional organic ones. The feasibility of NADESs for the extraction of value-added compounds of H. selleck sabdariffa has been assessed in this work for the first time. An extraction technique based on microwave assisted extraction (MAE) and the use of NADESs was proposed testing different deep eutectic solvents based on choline chloride (ChCl). Among them, oxalic acid based NADES exhibited a great selectivity for anthocyanins in particular as well as higher extraction yields of bioactive compounds was also observed, even greater than those observed by methanol. The effect of extraction variables such as liquid-solid ratio, temperature and water percentage were studied by Box-Behnken design and a response surface methodology. The statistical program pointed out the liquid-solid ratio of 130 mL mg-1, temperature of 75 °C and a water percentage of 55% as the conditions to maximize extraction within the experimental domain. Hence, NADES composed by oxalic acid and choline chloride resulted to be an effective green alternative tailor-made solvent to carry out selective extractions of value-added compounds from H. sabdariffa.The purpose of this work was to assess the effect of different packaging methods on the shelf life and bacterial communities of roast duck meat. Samples were packaged under the following five conditions overwrapped packaging (OWP), 100% N2 (100% N2-MAP), 30% CO2/70% N2 (30% CO2-MAP), 50% CO2/50% N2 (50% CO2-MAP), and 0.4% CO/30% CO2/69.6% N2 (CO-MAP). Physicochemical and microbiological parameters were monitored during 14 days of chilled storage (0-4 °C). Results showed that MAP samples obtained higher and more stable redness, better sensory scores, and lower lipid oxidation, compared with OWP, in which CO-MAP samples had the lowest TBARS values (0.13-0.22 MDA/kg) during storage. Moreover, 30% CO2-MAP, 50% CO2-MAP, and CO-MAP effectively retarded the onset of bacterial spoilage and extended shelf life by 7 days compared with 100% N2-MAP and OWP treatments. Additionally, bacterial succession was significantly affected by the gas composition used in the packages, especially the dominant biota at the end of storage, which played an important role in the spoilage of roast duck meat under specific packaging. On day 14, Pseudoalteromonas spp., Lactobacillus spp., and Pseudomonas spp. became the most predominate genera in OWP, 100% N2-MAP, and 50% CO2-MAP, respectively. Notably, Vibrio spp. was dominant in both 30% CO2-MAP and CO-MAP, indicating 0.4% CO did not exert a further inhibitory effect on this genus. Additionally, the growth inhibition of Pseudoalteromonas spp., Lactobacillus spp., and Leuconostoc spp. by high CO2 concentration might be the reason for MAP (CO2/N2) samples having lower levels of TVC. Globally, these results indicate that 30% CO2-MAP, 50% CO2-MAP, and CO-MAP are promising packaging methods to improve roast duck meat quality and achieve shelf life extension.The Northeast Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) is a zooplanktivorous fish with its main summer feeding grounds in the waters around Iceland. The zooplankton in the stomachs of the caught fish causes several problems during processing due to the high enzyme activity of the zooplankton. link2 The aim of the study was to evaluate the chemical characteristics of zooplankton that accompanies mackerel as a side-catch and stomach fullness as affected by catching year, season, catching zone, and catching method over three mackerel seasons from 2016 to 2018. Species identification by the fatty acid tropic marker method (FATM) was also applied within the zooplankton rich side-stream. FATM analysis indicated that the majority of the zooplankton mass belonged to Calanus finmarchicus. The lipid composition of the zooplankton rich side-stream varied between years but was rich in monounsaturated, as well as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The results suggest that the zooplankton rich side-stream from mackerel caught in Icelandic waters has the potential for further sustainable processing into valuable nutrients.Cronobacter spp. are opportunistic pathogens that cause serious infections, especially in infants, elderly, and immunocompromised people. Dehydrated infant foods are the main vehicle associated with infections caused by these bacteria. Thus, this study aims to investigate the occurrence of Cronobacter spp. in 152 commercial samples of dehydrated infant formulas (77 samples) and dehydrated infant cereals (75 samples), as well as characterize the isolates. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) methods for isolate identification were used, and their results compared. Furthermore, the susceptibility to 11 antibiotics was tested, and DNA sequencing of one isolate with multi-drug resistance was analyzed. No contamination in the infant formula samples was found, whereas 17.33% (13/75) of the infant cereal samples presented contamination with Cronobacter sakazakii. The identification results by PCR and MALDI-TOF/MS were divergent for some isolates. The antimicrobial resistance results showed a high incidence of resistance to cefazolin (94.4%) besides resistance to amoxicillin (9.45%), cefpodoxime (5.55%), streptomycin (1.35%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (1.35%). Whole genome sequencing of one multi-drug resistant isolate showed six genes associated with antimicrobial resistance and an 82% possibility of being a human pathogen based on the presence of virulence factors. link3 The presence of Cronobacter spp. in infant foods represents a risk for the infant's health. Moreover, the presence of a pathogenic multi-drug resistant isolate in infant's food reinforces the necessity of improving food safety policies to protect young children.Synthesis of nanocomplexes is a simple and low-cost technique for the production of encapsulation systems aiming industrial applications, based on the interaction of at least two oppositely charged molecules. Gellan gum (anionic) is a water-soluble biopolymer resistant to stomach pH conditions, therefore an interesting alternative as an encapsulating matrix. Chitosan (cationic) is also widely used due to its biocompatibility and mucoadhesive properties, although its low water solubility is an important step to be overcome for the production of the complexes. To improve this property, many techniques have been employed, but most of them use unsustainable techniques and chemical agents. The enzymatic hydrolysis of chitosan using proteases emerges as an alternative to these drawbacks and, therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the electrostatic nanocomplexation of native (C) or hydrolyzed (HC) chitosan (by porcine pepsin protease) with gellan gum (G). Polysaccharides and nanocomplexes formed with different GC or GHC ratio were evaluated by zeta potential measurements, particle size distribution, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM), intrinsic viscosity and turbidity analyses.
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