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The glycan guests bound within their SCR hosts in one of three supramolecular geometries center-parallel, center perpendicular, and off-center. Many host•guest combinations formed higher stoichiometry complexes, 21 glycan•SCR or 12 glycan•SCR , where the former are driven by positive allosteric cooperativity induced by glycan-glycan contacts. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.INTRODUCTION Communication in the biomedical sciences and clinical practice would be clearer if everyone used the same set of technical terms. Technical vocabularies, such as international standard terminologies, are attempts to avoid common linguistic problems, such as synonymy (many names for a single entity) and polysemy (many meanings for a single term). MATERIALS AND METHODS Efforts made in human anatomical nomenclature since the late 19th century to deal with these issues were reviewed. RESULTS The new designations official term, equivalent term, synonym and related term are defined, and current challenges (e.g., eponyms) are identified. DISCUSSION The addition of synonyms and related terms to the international standard anatomical terminology allows indexing of these terms to the official terms and evaluation of the relationships between terms. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.OBJECTIVE To investigate the application and challenge of reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) in the diagnosis of pigmented nevus. METHOD A total of 997 patients with clinical diagnosis of pigmented nevus were included in the study, and RCM imaging was performed on the lesion of each patient. A biopsy was performed in 78 of these patients for histological diagnosis. We retrospectively analyzed the results of RCM diagnosis and histological diagnosis and then found the RCM characteristics of the histologically confirmed lesion. EGFR inhibitors list RESULTS According to the RCM images, 823 of the 997 (82.55%) patients were diagnosed with pigmented nevus, while 113 (11.33%) were not diagnosed by dermatologists using RCM. Of the 78 biopsy lesions, 36 of the 46 (78.26%) cases diagnosed with pigmented nevus were consistent with histological diagnosis, while three were rediagnosed with dermatofibromas, four were seborrheic keratosis, one was malignant melanoma in situ, and two were lentigo. CONCLUSION RCM exhibits a high diagnostic accuracy for patients with clinical diagnosis of pigmented nevus. However, due to the limitation of RCM scanning depth and the commonality of the microscopic characteristics of related diseases, RCM still faces certain challenges in the diagnosis of pigmented nevus. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection has recently spread globally and is now a pandemic. As a result, university hospitals have had to take unprecedented measures of containment, including asking nonessential staff to stay at home. Medical students practicing in the surgical departments find themselves idle, as nonurgent surgical activity has been canceled, until further notice. Likewise, universities are closed and medical training for students is likely to suffer if teachers do not implement urgent measures to provide continuing education. Thus, we sought to set up a daily medical education procedure for surgical students confined to their homes. We report a simple and free teaching method intended to compensate for the disappearance of daily lessons performed in the surgery department using the Google Hangouts application. This video conference method can be applied to clinical as well as anatomy lessons. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are integral for the management of medically refractory heart failure, and LVAD infections are common following device placement. Most infections are caused by Staphylococcal spp. and Gram-negative enteric bacteria but nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections have been reported. We present the second-ever reported case of a driveline infection caused by Mycobacterium fortuitum in a 75-year-old male with a continuous-flow LVAD. After receiving meropenem, azithromycin, and ciprofloxacin, he underwent device exchange and ultimately died after failing to recover neurologically. EGFR inhibitors list Management of NTM infections presents a clinical challenge due to the propensity for rapidly growing mycobacterial species to form biofilms and the possibility of negative cultures delaying diagnosis. To address the literature gap surrounding NTM infections in LVAD patients, we performed a systematic review and present all previously reported cases. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Compounded ophthalmic products can be helpful for a small number of patients who cannot use a commercially available product or for whom no commercially available product exists. Extemporaneous preparation of medicines for the eye is considered complex compounding and is best undertaken by pharmacists with the appropriate facilities and equipment to ensure a sterile product. When dispensing, the pharmacist evaluates medication appropriateness, effectiveness and safety for each individual patient. For a compounded medicine, the pharmacist will also pay close attention to the formulation, physical, chemical and microbiological stability and utility of the preparation. Optometrists who are considering writing a prescription for any medicine will find that the pharmacist is a useful source of information regarding the availability of alternatives, stock outages and the availability or feasibility of a compounded product. Compounding can be a useful adjunct to the care of some patients and patient safety should always be paramount. © 2020 Optometry Australia.In multiple sclerosis (MS), the inflammation and demyelination of the central nervous system (CNS) develop in distinct ways. This makes diagnosing patients difficult, imperative to initiating early and proper treatment. Several common features exists, among them a profound infiltration of monocytes into the CNS mediating demyelination and tissue destruction. In the periphery, monocytes are divided into three subsets depending on expression of CD14 and CD16, representing different stages of activation and differentiation. To investigate their involvement in MS, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 61 patients with incipient, untreated MS and 22 symptomatic control (SC) patients as well as 6 patients with radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS) were characterised ex vivo. In addition, paired serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were analysed with a panel of biomarkers. In PBMC samples, we demonstrate decreased levels of non-classical monocytes with a concomitant significant decrease of HERV H3 Env epitopes on this monocyte subset compared to SC and RIS.
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