Notes

Risk of Relapse Amongst Opioid-Dependent Individuals Treated With Extended-Release Naltrexone as well as Buprenorphine-Naloxone: Any Randomized Medical trial.
70; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.29 to 2.24). Differences regarding both educational effect on nondonors and racial differences such that there was a decreased odds of organ donation intent among those who identified as Black compared with those who were White (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.92). Black participants were also more likely to report bodily integrity and differential treatment by doctors compared with White participants.

Our findings suggest that future interventions to increase organ donation registration among ethnically diverse populations could be effective if sufficient information is presented before decision making to addresses potential concerns.
Our findings suggest that future interventions to increase organ donation registration among ethnically diverse populations could be effective if sufficient information is presented before decision making to addresses potential concerns.
Patients with ESKD are encouraged to pursue home dialysis therapy with the aims of improving quality of life, increasing patient autonomy, and reducing cost to health care systems. In a multidisciplinary team setting, patients interact with nephrologists, nurses, and allied health staff, all of whom may influence a patient's modality choice. Our objective was to evaluate the perceptions of all renal team members toward home dialysis therapies.

We performed a cross-sectional survey of multidisciplinary renal team members across five renal programs in British Columbia, Canada. The survey contained questions regarding primary work area, modality preference, patient and system factors that may influence modality candidacy, perceived knowledge of home therapies, and need for further education.

A total of 334 respondents (22 nephrologists, 172 hemodialysis nurses, 49 home nurses, 20 predialysis nurses, and 71 allied health staff) were included (48% response rate). All respondents felt that home dialysis was b around factors that influence modality candidacy.
The majority of multidisciplinary team members, including allied health staff, acknowledged the benefits of home therapies. There were significant discrepancies among team members regarding patient-/system-level factors that may affect the candidacy of home therapies. Structured, focused, and repeated education sessions for all renal team members may help to address misperceptions around factors that influence modality candidacy.Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is a powerful technology that allows for the identification of minority cell types in complex tissues, such as immune cells in the kidney. Previously, gene expression from infrequent cell types was missed using bulk RNA-sequencing methods due to an averaging effect. Additionally, scRNA-seq facilitates assignment of cell origin in a sample, a shortcoming of previous bulk sequencing technologies. read more Thus, scRNA-seq is ideal to study the immune cell landscape and the alloimmune response in the human kidney transplant. However, there are few studies published to date. Macrophages are known to play an important role in health and disease in the kidney. Furthermore, it is known that macrophages play key roles in rejection of the kidney transplant. The definition, ontogeny, and function of these cells is complex and nomenclature has evolved as new technologies have become available. In this review, an overview is provided of monocyte and macrophage nomenclature, ontogeny, and function, with a specific focus on kidney transplantation, and including novel scRNA-seq findings. scRNA-seq offers an unbiased transcriptional approach to defining macrophages and provides insights into macrophage ontogeny and function not possible with contemporary methods.
Various causes of hypokalemia (HK) from renal potassium wasting, including distal renal tubular acidosis (RTA), have been described in lupus nephritis (LN). We report a phenomenon of otherwise unexplained HK among a population with LN.

From our population of 403 patients with LN, we identified a cohort of 20 patients with idiopathic HK, defined by serum potassium <3.5 mmol/L without any apparent explanation. This cohort is compared with 90 LN controls (CON) and ten patients with LN with distal RTA from the same population.

The patients with HK had lower median serum potassium compared with CON and RTA subjects (3.26 versus 4.00 versus 3.75 mmol/L, respectively;
<0.001). The median serum bicarbonate was normal in HK and CON, but low in RTA (26.0 versus 25.0 versus 19.4 mmol/L;
<0.001). The median urine pH was abnormally high only in the RTA group (6.00 versus 6.25 versus 6.67;
=0.012). The median serum magnesium was modestly lower in HK compared with the CON and RTA groups (1.73 versus 2.0 a novel target of autoimmunity in LN, affecting renal tubular potassium transport.
d-serine, a long-term undetected enantiomer of serine, is a biomarker that reflects kidney function and disease activity. The physiologic functions of d-serine are unclear.

The dynamics of d-serine were assessed by measuring d-serine in human samples of living kidney donors using two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography, and by autoradiographic studies in mice. The effects of d-serine on the kidney were examined by gene expression profiling and metabolic studies using unilateral nephrectomy mice, and genetically modified cells.

Unilateral nephrectomy in human living kidney donors decreases urinary excretion and thus increases the blood level of d-serine. d-serine is quickly and dominantly distributed to the kidney on injection in mice, suggesting the kidney is a main target organ. Treatment of d-serine at a low dose promotes the enlargement of remnant kidney in mouse model. Mechanistically, d-serine activates the cell cycle for tissue remodeling through an mTOR-related pathway.

d-serine is a physiologic molecule that promotes kidney remodeling. Besides its function as a biomarker, d-serine has a physiologic activity that influences kidney function.
d-serine is a physiologic molecule that promotes kidney remodeling. Besides its function as a biomarker, d-serine has a physiologic activity that influences kidney function.Dynamic survival analysis is a variant of traditional survival analysis where time-to-event predictions are updated as new information arrives about an individual over time. In this paper we propose a new approach to dynamic survival analysis based on learning a global parametric distribution, followed by individualization via truncating and renormalizing that distribution at different locations over time. We combine this approach with a likelihood-based loss that includes predictions at every time step within an individual's history, rather than just including one term per individual. The combination of this loss and model results in an interpretable approach to dynamic survival, requiring less fine tuning than existing methods, while still achieving good predictive performance. We evaluate the approach on the problem of predicting hospital mortality for a dataset with over 6900 COVID-19 patients.As the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) expands, so has the need for interfacility transfer to ECMO centers. However, the impact of these transfers has not been fully studied. This study evaluates complications and inhospital mortality in adult patients treated with venovenous (V-V) ECMO based on institutional location of cannulation and mode of transport.
Retrospective cohort study.

Large midwestern ECMO center.

Adult patients receiving VV-ECMO.

Need for transfer to ECMO center following VV-ECMO cannulation.

The study included 102 adult patients, 57% of which were cannulated at an outside institution prior to transfer. Of these, 60% were transported by ground, and the remainder were transported by air. Risk-adjusted logistic regression did not reveal any significant increase in odds for any complication or inhospital mortality between the groups based on location of cannulation or mode of transport.

This study supports the practice of interfacility ECMO transfer with no difference in outcomes or inhospital mortality based on institutional location of cannulation or mode of transport.
This study supports the practice of interfacility ECMO transfer with no difference in outcomes or inhospital mortality based on institutional location of cannulation or mode of transport.To determine the prevalence and extent of impairments impacting health-related quality of life among survivors of COVID-19 who required mechanical ventilation, 6 months after hospital discharge.
Multicenter, prospective cohort study, enrolling adults 18 years old or older with laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection who received mechanical ventilation for 48 hours or more and survived to hospital discharge. Eligible patients were contacted 6 months after discharge for telephone-based interviews from March 2020 to December 2020. Assessments included Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Blind, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Impact of Event Scale-6, EuroQOL 5 domain quality-of-life questionnaire, and components of the Multidimensional Dyspnea Profile.

Two tertiary academic health systems.

Of 173 eligible survivors, a random sample of 63 were contacted and 60 consented and completed interviews.

None.

Mean age was 57 + 13 years and mean duration of invasive mechanics were commonly impaired in multiple PICS domains as well as coexisting mental health domains.Circulating nucleic acids, alone and in complex with histones as nucleosomes, have been proposed to link systemic inflammation and coagulation after trauma to acute kidney injury (AKI). We sought to determine the association of circulating nucleic acids measured at multiple time points after trauma with AKI risk.
We conducted a prospective cohort study of trauma patients, collecting plasma on presentation and at 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours, defining AKI over the first 6 days by Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes serum creatinine and dialysis criteria. We determined kinetics of plasma mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), nuclear DNA (nDNA), and nucleosome levels across time points and associations with AKI using multivariable linear mixed-effects models, adjusted for injury characteristics and blood transfusions. We evaluated the association of presentation nucleic acid damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMP) concentrations with subsequent AKI, adjusting for injury severity using multivariable logistic regression075, interaction with time point).

Plasma nucleic acid DAMPs have distinct kinetics and associations with AKI in critically ill trauma patients. nDNA at presentation predicts subsequent AKI and may be amenable to targeted therapies in this population.
Plasma nucleic acid DAMPs have distinct kinetics and associations with AKI in critically ill trauma patients. nDNA at presentation predicts subsequent AKI and may be amenable to targeted therapies in this population.Transdermal buprenorphine (TBUP) may be useful for postoperative pain after major surgery, when pain is expected to be severe and sustained. The objective of this study was to compare pain control and opioid consumption in critically ill postoperative patients who were treated with TBUP or not during ICU admission.
This was a retrospective, parallel, cohort study.

ICU of a quaternary, urban hospital in Sydney, Australia.

Data were obtained for all patients admitted to the ICU from January 2019 to July 2021 after major gastrointestinal (GI) or genitourinary (GU) surgery.

TBUP or non-TBUP.

Pain control was compared between patients who received TBUP and those who did not receive TBUP. The primary outcome was the probability of significant pain. A significant pain score was defined as greater than or equal to 4 on the 0-10 numeric rating scale or greater than or equal to 6 on the behavioral pain scale. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to adjust for baseline differences. The cohort included 376 patients, with 224 (60%) in the control group and 152 (40%) in the TBUP group.
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