Notes

Complications and Treating Patients using Handed down Blood loss Problems Through Dentistry Removals: an organized Books Evaluation.
To determine the frequency of alcohol, marijuana, cigarettes/cigars, e-cigarettes, and hookah portrayals in popular music lyrics and videos on YouTube across 6 genres over 7 years; assess percent change over the years, document brand placement, and determine frequency of promotion of substances/devices by Teen Choice Award celebrities.

We analyzed 699 songs from the Billboard Hot 100 between 2014 and 2020. Two raters coded 10% of the songs to establish inter-rater reliability and remaining songs were reviewed by one rater.

The majority of songs (59.2%) on YouTube included either lyrical or video depictions and 20.6% included both. Songs that featured substances/devices were viewed 148 billion times on YouTube as of February 2021. Nearly 25% of videos depicting substances/devices featured branding. Forty-three (18.22%) of the music celebrities who featured substances/devices in their videos received one or more Teen Choice Awards during the study period.

Popular music celebrities promote substance use in their lyrics and music videos, which are easily accessible to children and adolescents. Some of these celebrities are highly popular and influential among adolescents.
Findings support the need to limit promotion of these substances to youth by influencers to reduce substance use and misuse.
Popular music celebrities promote substance use in their lyrics and music videos, which are easily accessible to children and adolescents. Some of these celebrities are highly popular and influential among adolescents.Policy Implications. Findings support the need to limit promotion of these substances to youth by influencers to reduce substance use and misuse.
This report described a rare case of corneal perforation secondary to orbital cellulitis caused by
infection. To the best of our knowledge, only six cases of
infection have been reported. This case report suggested that
infection was contagious and potentially life threatening. The report emphasized the value of managing infections early to avoid serious consequences.

A patient with orbital cellulitis, which progressed to corneal perforation was admitted to the hospital for right facial swelling, pain, and decreased vision in his right eye.
infection was found after bacterial culture of pus puncture. After aggressive anti-infection and surgical treatment, the infection was eliminated, and the patient was discharged. However, the patient had sustained permanent vision loss.

This case suggested the potential risk of corneal perforation and orbital cellulitis caused by
infection in humans. The specific biological changes and mode of action of
are unclear and need further investigation.
This case suggested the potential risk of corneal perforation and orbital cellulitis caused by S. pseudoporcinus infection in humans. The specific biological changes and mode of action of S. pseudoporcinus are unclear and need further investigation.
Older adults (OAs; ≥ 65 years) comprise a growing population in the United States and are anticipated to require an increasing number of emergency general surgery procedures (EGSPs). The aims of this study were to identify the frequency of EGSPs and compare cost of care in OAs managed at teaching hospitals (THs) vs nonteaching hospitals (NTHs).

A retrospective review of data from the Maryland Health Services Cost Review Commission database from 2009 to 2018 for OAs undergoing EGSPs was undertaken. Data collected included demographics, all patient-refined (APR)-severity of illness (SOI), APR-risk of mortality (ROM), Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), EGSPs (partial colectomy (PC), small bowel resection, cholecystectomy, operative management of peptic ulcers, lysis of adhesions, appendectomy, and laparotomy, categorized hospital charges, length of stay (LOS), and mortality.

Of the 55,401 OAs undergoing EGSPs in this study, 28,575 (51.6%) were treated at THs and 26,826 (48.4%) at NTHs. OAs at THs presented with greater APR-ROM (major 25.6% vs 24.9%, extreme 22.6% vs 22.0%, P=.01), and CCI (3.1±3 vs 2.7±2.8, P<.001) compared to NTHs. Lysis of adhesions, cholecystectomy, and PC comprised the overall most common EGSPs. Older adults at THs incurred comparatively higher median hospital charges for every EGSP due to increased room charges and LOS. PR-957 Mortality was higher at THs (6.13% vs 5.33%, P<.001).

While acuity of illness appears similar, cost of undergoing EGSPs for OAs is higher in THs vs NTHs due to increased LOS. Future work is warranted to determine and mitigate factors that increase LOS at THs.
While acuity of illness appears similar, cost of undergoing EGSPs for OAs is higher in THs vs NTHs due to increased LOS. Future work is warranted to determine and mitigate factors that increase LOS at THs.New Orleans is no stranger to trauma. The Crescent City has a vast history of environmental calamities and oppression. Yet, New Orleans is renowned for its "joie de vivre"-or "love of life." Specifically, this community is known for its unique practice of second-line parades. Researchers have noted the healing power of second-line processions, but none have analyzed the practice and psychology of this ritual through a trauma-informed lens. The aim of this conceptual paper is to begin the conversation, rather than deliver hard fast conclusions, on the potential therapeutic function of second-line parades in response to grief. Relevant literature is presented to illustrate second-line parades, trauma theory, and to provide evidence that the therapeutic effects of second-lining may, in part, be explained by trauma theory. This paper concludes with remarks on conceptualizing the second-line funeral as a sophisticated trauma-informed approach to grief and a note for future research.
Patients with bipolar disorder (BD) exhibit an inflamed condition that is associated with metabolic disturbance and cognitive impairment. Whether inflammation, represented by C-reactive protein (CRP), is causally associated with BD and influences treatment outcome has not been established.

We examined whether CRP is a causal factor for the risk of BD in drug-naïve, depressed BD patients and investigated whether polymorphisms in
and life event changes influence cognitive function in BD patients receiving valproate (VPA) treatment.

Our results showed that BD patients had significantly higher CRP levels and worse cognitive function than the controls, while the frequencies of
single nucleotide polymorphisms in BD patients and in controls were not different. In addition, the life event scale score was higher for BD patients than for controls. Furthermore, the genotypes of
polymorphisms and the interactions between polymorphisms of
and life event scale score had a significant influence on cognitive performance in BD patients after 12 weeks of VPA treatment.

Our study demonstrated the clinical utility of the application of functional genetics in clarifying the interactions among CRP, life event stress, and BD and suggested the important roles of
gene-environment interactions in developing treatment strategies for BD.
Our study demonstrated the clinical utility of the application of functional genetics in clarifying the interactions among CRP, life event stress, and BD and suggested the important roles of CRP gene-environment interactions in developing treatment strategies for BD.
The relationship of diet with stroke risk among Africans is not well understood.

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between dietary patterns and stroke risk among West Africans.

In this multi-center case-control study, 3684 stroke patients matched (for age and sex) with 3684 healthy controls were recruited from Nigeria and Ghana. Food consumption was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, and dietary patterns were summarized using principal component analysis. Stroke was defined using predefined criteria primarily on clinical evaluation following standard guidelines. Conditional logistic regression was applied to compute odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for stroke risk by tertiles of dietary patterns adjusting for relevant confounders.

Overall, mean age was 59.0 ± 13.9 years, and 3992 (54.2%) were males. Seven dietary patterns were identified. Multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI) for risk of stroke by second and third tertiles (using the lowest and first tertile as reference) of dietary patterns was 1.65 (1.43, 1.90) and 1.74 (1.51, 2.02), for "poultry product and organ meat"; 1.69 (1.47, 1.96) and 1.51 (1.31, 1.75) for "red meat"; 1.07 (0.92, 1.23) and 1.21 (1.04, 1.40) for "fried foods and sweetened drinks"; 0.69 (0.60, 0.80) and 0.45 (0.39, 0.53) for "vegetables"; 0.84 (0.72, 0.97) and 0.81 (0.70, 0.93) for "whole-grain and fruit drinks"; and 0.97 (0.84, 1.12) and 0.85 (0.73, 0.98) for "fruits" respectively (
 < 0.05).

These data suggest that plant-based diets are associated with a lower risk of stroke and might be a beneficial dietary recommendation for the primary prevention of stroke among Africans.
These data suggest that plant-based diets are associated with a lower risk of stroke and might be a beneficial dietary recommendation for the primary prevention of stroke among Africans.
It has been hypothesized that HIV-1 infection prematurely "ages" individuals phenotypically and immunologically. We measured phenotypic frailty and immune "aging" markers on T-cells of people living with HIV on long term, suppressive anti-retroviral therapy (ART) to determine if there is an association between frailty and immunosenescence.

Thirty-seven (37) community-dwelling people living with HIV were measured for frailty using a sensor-based frailty meter that quantifies weakness, slowness, rigidity, and exhaustion. An immunological profile of the patients' CD4
and CD8
T-cell expression of cell surface proteins and cytokines was performed (
= 20).

Phenotypic frailty prevalence was 19% (7/37) and correlated weakly with the number of past medical events accrued by the patient (r = 0.34,
= .04). There was no correlation of frailty with age, sex, prior AIDS diagnosis or HIV-1 viral load, or IFN-γ expression by CD4
or CD8
T-cells. There were more immune competent (CD28
CD57
) cells than exhausted/senescent (CD28
CD57
) T cells.

Frailty in people living with HIV on long term, suppressive ART did not correlate with aging or T cell markers of exhaustion or immunosenescence.
Frailty in people living with HIV on long term, suppressive ART did not correlate with aging or T cell markers of exhaustion or immunosenescence.Background Pneumonia is difficult to differentiate from other pulmonary diseases because it shares many symptoms with these diseases. Diagnosing pneumonia in clinical practice would benefit from having access to a codified representation of clinical knowledge. An ontology represents a well-established paradigm for such codification. Objectives The goal of this research is to create Pneumonia Diagnosis Ontology (PNADO) that brings together the medical knowledge dispersed among multiple medical knowledge sources. Material and Methods We used several clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) describing the pneumonia diagnostic process as a starting point in developing PNADO. Preliminary version of PNADO was subsequently expanded to cover a broader range of the concepts by reusing ontologies from Open Biological and Biomedical Ontology (OBO) Foundry and BioPortal. PNADO was evaluated by examining relevant concepts from the pneumonia-specific systematic reviews, using patient data from the MIMIC-III clinical dataset, and by clinical domain experts.
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