Notes

Inside silico proteolysis and evaluation involving bioactive proteins from sequences regarding fatty acid desaturase Three (FAD3) of flaxseed proteins.
The same is seen for PSP and frontotemporal dementia. Conversely, episodic memory impairment seems to be greater in typical Alzheimer's disease compared to PSP. Neuroimaging findings indicate that striatofrontal structures may be involved in PSP episodic memory dysfunction, while no associations with mesial structures (including hippocampi) were found.

Episodic memory is impaired in PSP. check details Whether this amnesia refers to executive dysfunction is still controversial. More studies are warranted to clarify the neural basis of memory impairment in PSP.
Episodic memory is impaired in PSP. Whether this amnesia refers to executive dysfunction is still controversial. More studies are warranted to clarify the neural basis of memory impairment in PSP.
Contrary to pure cases, the influence of comorbid argyrophilic grain disease (AGD) in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) has not been sufficiently evaluated.

We compared the clinicoradiological features of 12 patients with PSP with (PSPw/AG) and 8 patients without AGD (PSPw/oAG).

Medical records and magnetic resonance imaging were checked retrospectively from a single brain bank database.

Other than AGD, no differences were observed in any other neurodegenerative pathologies between the 2 groups. Ages at onset and deaths of patients with PSPw/AG were higher than those of patients with PSPw/oAG (77.9 ± 4.9 vs. 68.9 ± 5.9, and 87.0 ± 5.7 vs. 78.1 ± 5.0;
=0.003 and
=0.002, respectively). In addition to the later onset of motor symptoms, initial amnestic presentations were limited to 5 patients with PSPw/AG. Both characteristic midbrain atrophy and severe ambient gyrus atrophy were detected exclusively in 8 patients with PSPw/AG.

Initial amnestic presentations and ambient gyrus atrophy may be characteristic of PSPw/AG.
Initial amnestic presentations and ambient gyrus atrophy may be characteristic of PSPw/AG.
Task-specific dystonia (TSD) is a challenging clinical diagnosis with no objective diagnostic biomarkers.

The objective of this study was to test 2 neurophysiologic variables using transcranial magnetic stimulation as potential diagnostic biomarkers for TSD.

We tested (1) cortical silent period (CSP) and (2) dorsal inferior parietal lobule-motor cortex (dIPL-M1) physiologic connectivity in 9 patients with the writer's cramp form of TSD and 12 healthy volunteers on 2 separate sessions.

CSP was significantly prolonged (
< 0.0001) in TSD and could classify TSD with high sensitivity and specificity with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs)=0.94 and 0.90, respectively, for 2 separate sessions with an intraclass correlation=0.79. dIPL-M1 interaction was notable for significant motor cortical inhibition in TSD compared with facilitation in healthy subjects (
< 0.0001) and could classify TSD with high sensitivity and specificity with AUCs=0.96 and 0.86, respectively.

CSP and dIPL-M1 physiologic connectivity can classify TSD with high sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility, and reliability.
CSP and dIPL-M1 physiologic connectivity can classify TSD with high sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility, and reliability.
Exercise and physical therapy (PT) can improve motor function and quality of life in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD), but their role in hospitalization avoidance is not well-studied.

To determine the longitudinal and temporal association of exercise and PT use with hospital encounter.

Longitudinal regression and χ
analyses were performed on Parkinson's Foundation Parkinson's Outcome Project exercise and PT use data from 4674 and 9259 persons with PD, respectively.

Greater exercise duration and intensity were associated with reduced odds of hospital encounter, whereas both PT and occupational therapy use were associated with increased odds. In the 2 years before a hospital encounter, there was an increased frequency of PT use, but not reductions in exercise.

Consistent exercise may reduce hospitalization risk whereas PT referral may identify at-risk individuals without preventing this outcome. Further work to incentivize consistent exercise in PD may reduce healthcare use.
Consistent exercise may reduce hospitalization risk whereas PT referral may identify at-risk individuals without preventing this outcome. Further work to incentivize consistent exercise in PD may reduce healthcare use.For a long time, Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) was thought to be a commensal strain in human and animal digestive tracts. However, over the past three decades, some unique E. faecium clones rapidly acquired multiple antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which led these clones to survive hospital environments and become a hospital-adapted E. faecium clonal complex (CC) 17. Since the adaptation of these clones to changes in habitat, vancomycin-resistant E. faecium CC17 has emerged as the leading cause of hospital-acquired infections worldwide. This epidemic hospital-adapted lineage has diverged from other populations approximately 75 years ago. The CC17 lineage originated from animal strains, but not human commensal lines. We reviewed the evolutionary progress and the molecular mechanisms of E. faecium CC17 from a gut commensal to a multi-antimicrobial resistant nosocomial pathogen.GII.2[P16] noroviruses (NoV) reemerged and rapidly became the main epidemic strain in acute gastroenteritis (AGE) outbreaks in Asian countries since 2016. The current GII.2 [P16] NoV showed the same antigenicity to the ones before 2016, but several unique amino acid substitutions existed in the RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and other non-structural proteins, and the viral load of the current GII.2[P16] NoV was higher than those of other genotypes, it was estimated that the viral replication ability may have improved. However, other genotypes, such as GII.1 and GII.3, also had recombination with the novel RdRp, were not prevalent in AGE-outbreaks; thus, it was inferred that the capsid proteins also played an important role in the enhanced replication process. The viral infection could also be affected by other factors, such as the population genetic background, the climate and environment, and people's lifestyles. Continued surveillance on genetic diversity and evolutionary pattern for the GII.2[P16] NoV is necessary.
To assess the management of gout in established COVID-19 pandemic.

We assessed medication use, health care utilization, gout-specific health-related quality of life (HRQOL), psychological distress using Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), resilience, illness perception, and health literacy in people with physician-diagnosed self-reported gout in established COVID-19 pandemic in a cross-sectional Internet survey.

Among the 130 survey respondents with gout, the mean age was 62.8 years, 65% were male, 83% were White, 59% were prescribed urate-lowering therapy (ULT), and health literacy was adequate in 80%. A third of survey respondents reported more difficulty with their gout management since September 2020. Gout-specific HRQOL deficits were evident. Moderate-severe psychological distress was seen in 22%, and resilience score was 6.5 [standard deviation (SD), 1.9; range, 0-8]. Adjusted for age and sex, compared with no/mild psychological distress, moderate-severe psychological distress was associated wth care access and gout management. Interventions to address these challenges in gout management are needed.
The aim of this article is to examine the extent of structural and inflammatory lesions by ultrasound in elderly subjects with hand osteoarthritis (HOA) fulfilling the ACR classification criteria (Group A), in subjects with painless enlarged finger joints (Group B), and in individuals without clinical abnormalities at hands (Group C).

This study was nested within the population-based, prospective Bruneck study; 293 subjects of ⩾65 years of age were assessed. Clinical and ultrasound assessment was conducted at wrists and finger joints. Gray scale synovitis (GSS), Power Doppler (PD), osteophytes, and erosions were scored semiquantitatively (0-3). The Short Form Score for the Assessment and Quantification of Chronic Rheumatic Affections of the Hands (SF-SACRAH), the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), and the Functional Index for Hand Osteoarthritis (FIHOA) were retrieved.

Most subjects had ⩾1 ultrasound abnormality, of which osteophytes were the most prevalent finding in all groups (Group A 100%, Group B 99.4%, and Group C 93.9%). GSS and PD-signals were more common in Group A than in Group B (94%
67% and 33%
13%, respectively). In Group C, GSS was observed in 39.4% of subjects. In subjects with HOA, the SF-SACRAH correlated with osteophyte scores (corr
 = 0.48), and the FIHOA correlated with the osteophyte (corr
 = 0.42) and PD scores (corr
 = 0.33).

GSS and PD were more frequent in patients with symptomatic HOA than in cases with painless bony enlargements and subjects without clinical joint abnormalities. Functional restriction in HOA is associated with structural and inflammatory ultrasound changes.
GSS and PD were more frequent in patients with symptomatic HOA than in cases with painless bony enlargements and subjects without clinical joint abnormalities. Functional restriction in HOA is associated with structural and inflammatory ultrasound changes.
Biologic or targeted synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (b/tsDMARD) are widely used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), enabling patients to better achieve remission.

The objective of the study was to investigate and compare remission rates in RA patients treated with different b/tsDMARDs during the period 2013-2019.

A longitudinal observational analysis was performed on data from a nationwide RA registry.

Remission rates in the KOBIO-RA registry were defined by a disease activity score in 28 joints (DAS28), clinical disease activity index (CDAI), simplified disease activity index (SDAI), and Boolean-based assessment. After initiating treatment with b/tsDMARDs, yearly remission rates in response to b/tsDMARDs, either all or as subgroups (tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors, tocilizumab, abatacept, and Janus kinase inhibitors), were investigated for 5 years. Sustained remission was defined as remission maintained for two consecutive years.

Patients (
 = 1805) who completed at least one follow-up visit were analyzed (mean age = 55 years; 83.2% female). At month 12, 56.0% of patients achieved remission based on DAS28-C-reactive protein (CRP), 36.2% on DAS28-erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), 10.4% on CDAI, 12.7% on SDAI, and 12.9% on Boolean criteria. Sustained remission rates were 62%, 40%, 13%, 11%, and 8% for the DAS28-CRP, DAS28-ESR, Boolean, SDAI, and CDAI remission criteria, respectively. Remission rates using the DAS28 definition varied most among the b/tsDMARD subgroups.

Assessment of sustained remission using the CDAI, SDAI, or Boolean criteria is more stringent, yet congruous with the DAS28-based criteria in RA patients treated with b/tsDMARDs.
Assessment of sustained remission using the CDAI, SDAI, or Boolean criteria is more stringent, yet congruous with the DAS28-based criteria in RA patients treated with b/tsDMARDs.
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