Notes

Cerebral Macro- along with Microcirculation through Ephedrine as opposed to Phenylephrine Therapy within Anesthetized Human brain Tumour Individuals: Any Randomized Clinical study Making use of Permanent magnet Resonance Image.
The Seasonal Beliefs Questionnaire (SBQ) is a 26-item self-report measure of a winter seasonal affective disorder (SAD)-specific cognitive vulnerability consisting of maladaptive thoughts about the seasons, light availability, and weather conditions. In a known groups comparison, currently depressed adults with SAD had significantly higher SBQ scores than currently depressed adults with nonseasonal major depressive disorder (MDD) and healthy controls, and the MDD group had significantly higher SBQ scores than controls. Using that database, this study explored the predictive validity of using an SBQ cutoff score to differentiate SAD from MDD. Receiver operator characteristic curve analyses used SBQ total score to predict SAD versus MDD, SAD versus control, and MDD versus control status. The SBQ subscale combined score, derived from multivariable logistic regression with SBQ subscales, was examined as an alternative predictor. SBQ total score with a cutpoint of 132 had good predictive ability for distinguishing SAD from MDD (C-statistic = .792, sensitivity = .798, specificity = .794). The SBQ subscale combination score slightly improved predictive ability for the SAD/MDD distinction (C-statistic = .813), with better sensitivity (.930) but worse specificity (.571). In contrast, the score on a generic measure of depressogenic cognitive vulnerability, the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale, was poor for differentiating SAD from MDD. SBQ total score was excellent in discriminating SAD cases from controls with a cutpoint of 121 (C-statistic = .962, sensitivity = .939, specificity .873), but had poor sensitivity for discriminating MDD cases from controls. Results support using the SBQ to screen for probable SAD in practice settings. CRCD2 (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).This paper presents two studies outlining the development and validation of a new parent- and adolescent-report measure of the parent-adolescent relationship the Parent-Adolescent Relationship Scale (PARS). Study 1 involved an exploratory factor analysis on a sample of 256 parents of adolescents aged 11-18 years. Results produced a 21-item measure comprising three subscales, Connectedness, Shared Activities, and Hostility, each with high factor loadings (> .60), strong internal consistency (H index = .84 to .91 for different age groups) and test-retest reliability (r = .73 to .84). Convergent validity was established via correlations between the PARS and established parent-adolescent relationship and parenting measures. Discriminant validity was shown via no association between the PARS and a technology use measure. Study 2 involved confirmatory factor analysis with a second sample of parents of adolescents, along with validation of adolescent and emerging adult versions. Equivalence of the models across the three versions was also assessed. Study 2 provided further support for the 3-factor structure, demonstrating configural, metric, and scalar invariance across the three final 15-item self-report versions parent, adolescent, and emerging adult. Results show the PARS is a potentially valuable tool for assessing the quality of the parent-adolescent relationship. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).[Correction Notice An Erratum for this article was reported in Vol 33(4) of Psychological Assessment (see record 2021-42259-001). In the article "Interpersonal Regulation Questionnaire (IRQ) Psychometric Properties and Gender Differences in Chinese Young Adolescents," by Ruyi Ding, Wei He, Jin Liu, Tuo Liu, Dan Zhang, and Shiguang Ni (Psychological Assessment, 2021, Vol. 33, No. 4, pp. e13-e28, https//doi.org/10.1037/ pas0000997), the following funding information was missing from the author note "This study was funded by the Shenzhen Humanities & Social Sciences Key Research Bases, Tsinghua SIGS Overseas Research Cooperation Foundation (Grant No. HW2020004), National Philosophy and Social Sciences Foundation of China (Grant No. 20AZD085) and the Guangdong Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 2020A1515010949)." All versions of this article have been corrected.] The Interpersonal Regulation Questionnaire (IRQ) is a scale developed to measure the tendency and efficacy of intrinsic interpersonal emotion regulat the remaining two factors. The validity of the IRQ was further supported by its convergent-discriminant associations with emotional well-being and distress, emotional expressivity, social competence, empathic responding, cognitive reappraisal, and delinquent behavior. Taken together, the IRQ is a reliable and valid measure for Chinese young adolescents' intrinsic interpersonal emotion regulation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).Objective Past research with one-person showup identification procedures suggests that providing witnesses with an explicit option to opt-out reduces innocent-suspect identifications without reducing culprit identifications (Weber & Perfect, 2012). This finding suggests that improving performance from identification procedures might be as simple as providing witnesses with the option to opt-out from deciding. We examined whether providing witnesses with an option to say "not sure" improved performance from showup procedures. Hypotheses We predicted that participants would opt-out more when given a poor view. We also predicted that classification performance would be better for those who had option to opt-out, and this improvement would be more pronounced for those who had a poor view. Finally, we predicted that the opt-out option would reduce more low-confidence than high-confidence decisions. Method We randomly assigned Amazon Mechanical Turk Workers (Experiment 1A N = 2,003, average age = 36.90 [SD = 11.67] (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).Objective The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of a rapport-based approach to interviewing that includes productive questioning skills, conversational rapport, and relational rapport-building tactics. Hypotheses We predicted that training police investigators in a rapport-based approach would significantly increase the use of rapport-based tactics and that such tactics would directly influence the interviewee's perceptions of rapport and indirectly lead to increased cooperation and disclosure of information. Method We trained federal, state, and local law enforcement investigators (N = 67) in the use of evidence-based interviewing techniques. Both before and after this training, investigators interviewed semi cooperative subjects (N = 125). Interviews were coded for the use of various interview tactics, as well as subjects' disclosure. Participants also completed a questionnaire regarding their perceptions of the interviewer and their decision to cooperate with the interviewer. Results Evaluations of the training were positive, with high ratings of learning, preparedness to use tactics, and likelihood of use following the training. In posttraining interviews, investigators significantly increased their use of evidence-based tactics, including productive questioning, conversational rapport, and relational rapport-building tactics. Structural equation modeling demonstrated that investigators' use of the evidence-based interview tactics was directly associated with increased perceptions of rapport and trust and indirectly associated with increased cooperation and information disclosure. Conclusions We demonstrated that rapport-based interview tactics could be successfully trained and that using such tactics can facilitate perceptions of rapport and trust, reduce individuals' resistance to cooperate, and increase information yield. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).Objective We examined how probability of conviction affects the maximum plea sentence mock defendants will accept. Hypothesis Relying on Prospect Theory (Kahneman & Tversky, 1979), we hypothesized that, relative to the expected value of trial, participants would need increasingly better sentences as conviction probability increased and would settle for sentences worse than the expected value of trial when probability was very low. Method We manipulated conviction probability and potential trial sentence in a series of three between-subjects experiments, with Amazon Mechanical Turk participants assigned to the role of guilty defendants. Participants were majority White (75-82%) and non-Hispanic (92-94%); approximately half (45-51%) identified as female. Study 1 (N = 681) explored the effects of conviction probability (.05, .15, .50, .85, .90) and potential trial sentence (5, 20 years) on the maximum sentence accepted in exchange for a plea. Study 2 (N = 343; X¯age = 37.5) clarified results of Study 1 for the uspectrum. These results can facilitate development of a more comprehensive model of plea decision-making. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).Objective The purpose of this study was to develop new 10-year recidivism rate norms as well as to update 5-year norms for the Static-99R risk tool for routine/complete samples. We also present the extrapolated sexual recidivism rates from these new 10-year norms for follow-up periods of 11 to 20 years. Hypotheses We hypothesized that absolute-recidivism base rates (B02; i.e., the intercept centered on the median score of 2) would vary; however, the relative predictive accuracy (i.e., discrimination; B1) would be stable across samples. In addition, compared with the estimated sexual recidivism rates with a fixed 5-year follow-up time, the estimated rates with a fixed 10-year follow-up time would be expected to be consistently higher across the Static-99R scores. Method The current study included 12 independent samples (N = 7,224 for the 5-year recidivism rate norms; N = 1,599 [k = 6] for the 10-year norms) classified as routine/complete samples, that is, relatively random samples from a correctional system. Lved).Objective We conducted a meta-analysis to examine whether numeric decision-making in law is susceptible to the effect of (possibly arbitrary) values present in the decision contexts (anchoring effect) and to investigate which factors might moderate this effect. Hypotheses We predicted that the presence of numeric anchors would bias legal decision-makers' judgment in the direction of the anchor value. link2 We hypothesized that the effect size of anchoring would be moderated by several variables, which we grouped into three categories methodological (type of stimuli; type of sample), psychological (standard vs. link3 basic paradigm; anchor value; type of scale on which the participants assessed the target value), and legal (relevance of the anchor; type of the anchor; area of law to which the presented case belonged; presence of any salient numeric values other than the main anchor). Method Twenty-nine studies (93 effect sizes; N = 8,549) met the inclusion criteria. We divided them into two groups, depending on whether they included a control group, and calculated the overall effect size using a random-effects Model with robust variance estimation. We assessed the influence of moderators using random effects metaregression. Results The overall effect sizes of anchoring for studies with a control group (z = .27, 95% CI [.21, .33], d = .58, 95% CI [.44, .73]) and without a control group (z = .39, 95% CI [.31, .47], d = .91, 95% CI [.69, 1.12]) were both significant, although we provide some evidence of possible publication bias. We found preliminary evidence of a potential moderating effect of some legally relevant factors, such as legal expertise or the anchor relevance. Conclusions Existing research indicates anchoring effects exist in legal contexts. The influence of anchors seems to depend on some situational factors, which paves the way for future research on countering the problematic effect in legal settings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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