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COVID-19 as well as pulmonary tb * A new analytical issue.
There is a controversy in the literature concerning the indications for frenectomy to treat interincisal diastema. Aims and Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the spontaneous closure of the interincisal diastema in patients submitted to upper labial frenectomy (ULF) during the mixed dentition.

Records from patients treated between 2009 and 2014 in the course of Pediatric Dentistry Surgery at Fundecto-USP were evaluated to select those that were submitted to ULF during the mixed dentition using the Chelotti technique. Initial clinic characteristics and radiographic data related to the abnormal upper labial frenum were collected. The patients were called for a return visit to evaluate the diastema closure. The prevalence of children with diastema reduction after the frenectomy was determined by descriptive analysis. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between exposure factors and diastema reduction. Results From 449 eligible records, 53 were selected and 25 were in a return visit. It was not possible to find association between the exposure factors and diastema closure.

There is no relation between the time of surgery intervention and diastema closure. However, the intervention during the mixed dentition led to a partial diastema reduction in 80% of the cases.
There is no relation between the time of surgery intervention and diastema closure. However, the intervention during the mixed dentition led to a partial diastema reduction in 80% of the cases.
Health perceptions play an important part influencing health care utilization. Oral health messages and practices advocated by teachers can ensure better compliance by the students.

The present study aimed to assess qualitative insight regarding the perception and outlook of the school teachers understanding probable barriers regarding oral health care seeking behavior.

Phenomenology type of qualitative research design was used amongst 44 school teachers of a Senior Secondary Government School of Delhi selected through convenient sampling. One to one in-depth interview was taken in 03 sections demographic details, knowledge of oral health and its significance in life along with commonly followed and recommended oral hygiene practices and their views regarding barriers to oral health. Summative content analysis was conducted. Frequency distribution of the observed keywords was analyzed using SPSS version 21.

The mean age of teachers was 33.7 + 7.02 years (27-41 years). Every participant in the study felock perceived was "lack of awareness" (47.7%) followed by "financial barrier" (29.5%).Conclusion The responses gave an insight regarding the basic need for further subject specific oral health education programs as a key for changing the current scenario. Future seminars and workshops remain the mainstream to appraise the knowledge for school staff.
Tooth decay as a significant but preventable public health priority continues to be a common disease in developing countries, including Iran, which is particularly prevalent among children. The present study aims to determine dental caries prevalence among elementary school students and its relationship with body mass index and oral hygiene in Ardabil, Iran in 2019.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 581 elementary school students selected through cluster random sampling method in Ardabil city in 2019. Demographic data was collected using questionnaire and anthropometric indices (height, weight) were measured using the weighing scale and stadiometer, and dental caries was evaluated using the decayed, missing, or filled teeth index (dmft for primary teeth and DMFT for permanent).

The mean age of students was 9.61 ± 1.76 years, and 50.8% of them were female. 20.7% (n = 120) were obese, and 19.1% (n = 111) were overweight. The overall prevalence of caries was 74.9% (n = 435) in primary teeth, 72.8% (n = 423) in permanent teeth, and 96.6% (n = 561) in all teeth. selleck The average dmft and DMFT scores were 4.16 ± 3.72 and 1.96 ± 1.76, respectively. There was a significant inverse relationship between body mass index and dmft (r = -0.146, P < 0.0001) and DMFT (r = -0.111, P = 0.004).

The findings showed that prevalence of dental caries in elementary school children in Ardabil city is higher than global standards, obese and over-weight children experience fewer caries compared to normal-weight children, and there is a significant relation between not brushing the teeth and dental caries.
The findings showed that prevalence of dental caries in elementary school children in Ardabil city is higher than global standards, obese and over-weight children experience fewer caries compared to normal-weight children, and there is a significant relation between not brushing the teeth and dental caries.
Dental trauma affects especially schoolchildren and adolescents. Educators, the responsible for the first appointment, have a fundamental role in the prognosis of dental avulsion that occurred in this environment.

To evaluate the educational approaches for assessing knowledge and actions in response to dental avulsion among educators.

This cross-sectional and quanti-qualitative study included 197 teachers and 24 pedagogical coordinators (PCs), from the public schools of Pato Branco, Paraná, Brazil.

A questionnaire was initially administered regarding the knowledge about avulsion to all participants. Teachers just read a manual and answered the questionnaire after 30 days. PCs were divided into (n = 12) G1 - manual + fictitious scenario of avulsion and G2 - active methodology + fictitious scenario. The questionnaire was re-administered to all.

Quantitative data were analyzed statistically. For the qualitative stage, two questions were proposed and the Bardin's analysis was performed.

For teachers, knowledge about avulsion increased after the intervention (P < 0.001), except as related to cleaning the tooth (P = 0.21). Activities involving G1 and G2 also led to an increase in knowledge, but no difference occurred in this increase between the approaches (P = 0.14). Qualitative analysis highlighted the need for calm and for performing actions that could favor a good prognosis in cases of avulsion.

The level of knowledge increased after interventions, but no significant differences between the educational approaches were found.
The level of knowledge increased after interventions, but no significant differences between the educational approaches were found.
Over the last 20-30 years social trends, educational and parenting patterns, and the ethical and legal factors guiding them have led to the revaluation and even abandonment of some traditionally used behavior guidance techniques (BGTs).

To profile the professionals providing specialized pediatric treatments in Spain and understand changes in their preferences and use of basic BGTs, and the evolution of these preferences.

A cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlational study was designed.

One hundred and twenty-six dentists completed a previously validated survey.

Descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests were performed to analyze the questionnaire data.

The most common BGTs were "Tell/Show/Do" (98%) and positive reinforcement (92.1%), and the most abandoned BGT was "hand-over-mouth" (15%), because it was rejected by parents and because of potential legal problems and psychological consequences for the patients. Of note, 37% of the professionals allowed the patient's parents to be present during the treatment.

There has been a notable decrease in the use of certain BGTs in Spain, especially hand-over-mouth and voice control, because they are becoming less socially acceptable as the way society relates to and educates children changes.
There has been a notable decrease in the use of certain BGTs in Spain, especially hand-over-mouth and voice control, because they are becoming less socially acceptable as the way society relates to and educates children changes.COVID-19 was first reported in China, in November 2019 and since then the spread of this disease was so rapid that on March 11, 2020, it was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Due to the high transmissibility of the COVID virus and the associated morbidity and mortality, various International and National health authorities released different guidelines for day-to-day living, laying down "new norms" which has impacted our lives enormously. Although these guidelines seem to be convoluted but owing to some differences in the guidelines, it raises an ambiguity in the minds of dentists. Hence, we felt the need of this review to summarize different guidelines issued by various National health authorities for catering emergency and routine dental care. We included guidelines from CDC, ADA, NHS, India, UAE, Egypt, and Tunisia and compared and consolidated to reach a consensus that teledentistry is a good alternative to face-to-face management for nonemergency patients. Triage should be done for all patients coming to the health-care facility. Temperature and other vital parameters should be recorded in our daily practice. Antibacterial mouth rinses before the dental procedure can reduce the microbial load and therefore can alleviate transmission. To reduce indirect transmission through fomites on inanimate objects various waiting area changes must be ensured. Air conditioners can be used in well-serviced conditions with due care given to ventilation of the operatory after each patient. Strict disinfection protocols and personal protective equipment for dentist safety are mandatory.This systematic review of the literature assessed the effectiveness of using chewing gum containing only xylitol compared to prevention strategies or placebo in reducing the incidence of carious lesions in children using data obtained from randomized controlled trials. Electronic search was carried out in PubMed MEDLINE, Latin American and Caribbean Literature on the Health Science, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, and Scientific Electronic Library Online through the period between 2000 and 2020. Included clinical studies were done in children when the xylitol was dispensed in gum and the preventive effect of xylitol on tooth decay was compared to other preventive strategies or control groups. The studies were evaluated for their quality to obtain the level of evidence. The preventive fraction of each study was extracted. Two hundred studies were found. After analyzing the inclusion and removal of duplicates, only five studies were analyzed for the quality of evidence. With the analysis through the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system, it was possible to verify the very low level of scientific evidence on the effectiveness of gums containing only xylitol for the prevention of caries in children. The preventive fraction obtained varied between - 0.31 and 0.57 depending on the compared prevention strategy. The conflicting results, limitations, and inconsistencies of the studies allow us to establish that there is insufficient evidence to support the use of gums containing only xylitol for the prevention of caries in children. Other properly designed clinical trials need to be carried out.
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