Notes

The part associated with ventilatory assistance with regard to long-term outcomes after essential infection with COVID-19: A prospective cohort examine.
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a usually responds poorly to treatment suffers from poor therapeutic benefits while oroxylin A (OA) is a promising flavonoid with high anticancer efficacy against various cancer types. Here in our study, in order to reveal the potential of OA based drug delivery systems (DDSs) in the treatment of SCC, we firstly revealed that OA had a certain pharmacodynamic effect on skin SCC (A431 cells). Afterwards, OA was loaded into a newly synthesized aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-active polymer to construct OA-loaded PDots for the first time. Our results revealed that OA-loaded PDots showed preferable drug loading and enhanced stability. Moreover, the DDS was also capable of self-illumination in the aggregate state to reveal the uptake profile. Most importantly, the DDS showed much more elevated anticancer benefits than free OA in vitro and advanced tumor targetability in vivo, suggesting that it might be a promising system against SCC.Neurodegenerative diseases are the result of neurodegeneration, which is the process of losing neuronal functions gradually due to the irreversible damage and death of neurons. Metal complexes have attracted intense interest over recent decades as probes or inhibitors of biomolecules. In this review, we discuss the application of transition metal complexes in the diagnosis and therapy of different neurodegenerative diseases. We first briefly introduce conventional approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Then, the characteristics and mechanisms of transition metal complexes as luminescent probes and drug candidates are discussed. Representative examples of the use of metal complexes in targeted detection and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases are highlighted. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives of this field are presented.Flexible pressure and strain sensors have great potential for applications in wearable and implantable devices, soft robotics and artificial skin. Compared to flexible sensors based on filler/elastomer composites, conductive hydrogels are advantageous due to their biomimetic structures and properties, as well as biocompatibility. Numerous chemical and structural designs provide unlimited opportunities to tune the properties and performance of conductive hydrogels to match various demands for practical applications. Many electronically and ionically conductive hydrogels have been developed to fabricate pressure and strain sensors with different configurations, including resistance type and capacitance type. The sensitivity, reliability and stability of hydrogel sensors are dependent on their network structures and mechanical properties. This review focuses on tough conductive hydrogels for flexible sensors. Representative strategies to prepare stretchable, strong, tough and self-healing hydrogels are briefly reviewed since these strategies are illuminating for the development of tough conductive hydrogels. Then, a general account on various conductive hydrogels is presented and discussed. Recent advances in tough conductive hydrogels with well designed network structures and their sensory performance are discussed in detail. A series of conductive hydrogel sensors and their application in wearable devices are reviewed. Some perspectives on flexible conductive hydrogel sensors and their applications are presented at the end.Cationic polymers have shown great potential in the delivery of nucleic acids and proteins. In this study, a series of pyrimidine-based cationic polymers were synthesized via the Michael addition reaction from pyrimidine-based linkages and low molecular weight polyethyleneimine (PEI). The structure-activity relationship (SAR) of these materials in DNA and protein delivery was investigated. These materials could condense both DNA and protein into nanoparticles with proper sizes and zeta-potentials. 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate In vitro experiments indicated that such polymers were efficient in transporting DNA and proteins into cells. Furthermore, the bioactivity of the genes and proteins encapsulated in these polymers were maintained during the delivery processes. Among the polymers, U-PEI600 synthesized from a uracil-containing linker and PEI 600 Da mediated comparable gene expression to PEI 25 kDa. Moreover, the activities of β-galactosidase delivered by U-PEI600 were well maintained after entering the cells. Evaluation using an immune response assay showed that the U-PEI600/OVA polyplex could stimulate greater production of immune factors with low cytotoxicity. Our study provides a strategy for the construction of cationic polymeric gene and cytosolic protein vectors with high efficiency and low toxicity.In this study, a new type of β-1,3-d-glucan porous microcapsule (GPM)-enveloped and folate conjugated chitosan-functional liposome (FCL), FCL@GPM, was developed for the potential oral co-delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs and quantum dots (QDs) with facilitated drug absorption and antitumor efficacy. In this dual-particulate system, multiple FCLs serve as the cores for effective loading, folate-mediated tumor-targeting, facilitated intracellular accumulation, and pH-responsive controlled release of chemotherapeutic agents, while a GPM acts as the shell for affording macrophage-mediated tumor selectivity. Gefitinib (GEF) was selected as a chemotherapeutic agent, while acid degradable ZnO QDs were selected due to their dual role as an anticancer agent for synergistic chemotherapy and as a fluorescent probe for potential cancer cellular imaging. The GEF and ZnO QD co-loaded FCL@GPMs (GEF/ZnO-FCL@GPMs) exhibited a prolonged release manner with limited release before uptake by intestinal cells. Furthermore, Peyer's patch uptake, macrophage uptake, cytotoxicity, and biodistribution of FCL@GPMs were tested. In addition, GEF and ZnO QD co-loaded FCLs (GEF/ZnO-FCLs) not only have a tumor acidity responsive release property, but also induce a superior cytotoxicity on cancer cells as compared to GEF. Moreover, a 1.75-fold increase in the bioavailability of GEF delivered from GEF/ZnO-FCL@GPMs as compared to its trademarked drug (Iressa®). As a result, GEF/ZnO-FCL@GPMs exerted a superior antitumor efficacy (1.47-fold) as compared to the trademarked drug in mice. Considered together, the developed FCL@GPMs, combining the unique physicochemical and biological benefits of FCLs and GPMs, possess great potential as an efficient delivery system for the co-delivery of chemotherapeutic agents and quantum dots.Cysteine (Cys) is one of the most important essential biothiols in lysosomes. Highly selective probes for specific detection and imaging of lysosomal Cys over other biological thiols are rare. link2 Herein, we developed a lysosome-targeted near-infrared fluorescent probe SHCy-C based on a novel NIR-emitting thioxanthene-indolium dye. Due to the turn-on fluorescence response elicited by the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) processes before and after the reaction with Cys, probe SHCy-C exhibits high selectivity and sensitivity (16 nM) for the detection of Cys. More importantly, probe SHCy-C is found to precisely target lysosomes and achieves the "turn-on" detection and imaging of endogenous Cys in lysosomes.A precise delineation of the intracranial glioblastoma boundary is urgently required for pre-surgical operations, due to the tumor-inherent infiltrative character of a tumor and the difficulty to completely remove the tumor. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is the leading clinical diagnostic tool for brain tumors, where a safe MR contrast agent that targets cancer biomarkers is critical for non-invasive and accurate brain tumor detection. In this work, a multifunctional targeted nanoprobe composed of PEGylated ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (USPIONs), with surface conjugated Angiopep-2, was successfully constructed by a stepwise reaction. The nanoprobe efficiently crossed the blood-brain barrier (BBB), targeted the glioblastoma and then generated positive contrast enhancement for T1-weighted MR imaging. Angiopep-2 was herein selected as a targeting ligand to construct the dual-targeting nanoprobes for MR imaging of brain tumors, because it can specifically combine to the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP), which is overexpressed in both BBB and glioblastoma cells. The targeting capability and, in particular, the biocompatibility/excretion of these ANG-modified MRI nanoprobes were systematically evaluated not only at the intracellular level in vitro, but also on tumor xenografts in vivo. This first report on ANG-engineered USPIONs as T1-weighted positive MR contrast agents for intracranial targeted glioblastoma imaging, provides a promising application potential for these SPION-based ultrasmall nanoprobes, not only for efficient pre-operative tumor diagnosis, but also for the targeted surgical resection of intracranial glioblastomas.Amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) aggregation induced by metal ions such as Cu2+ has been recognized as a crucial step in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), so development of multifunctional agents that are able to inhibit Aβ aggregation and modulate Cu2+-Aβ species is considered as a promising strategy for fighting against AD. Our recent work proved that basification of human lysozyme (hLys) is in favor of enhancing the inhibition of Aβ aggregation. Based on the finding, we have herein designed R-hLys, a conjugate of bifunctional alkaline decapeptide (RTHLVFFARK, RK10) coupled onto hLys via reaction with the carboxyl groups on hLys. The design created an even more basic protein than hLys, thus increasing the potency of hLys on inhibiting Aβ fibrillation. Moreover, the RK10 conjugation onto hLys introduced a specific Cu2+-chelator and an additional peptide inhibitor (LVFFARK). Thus, a multifunctional modulator on Cu2+-mediated Aβ aggregation and cytotoxicity was developed. The multifunctional effects of R-hLyssing ROS production and remodeling mature Aβ42/Cu2+-Aβ42 species.The photodegradation of avobenzone (AV), the only ultraviolet filter molecule approved by the Food and Drug Administration to absorb UVA radiation, is an important problem in sunscreen formulations. In this paper, the photophysics and photostability of AV in various solvent systems and in aqueous micelles are studied. AV in its keto-enol tautomer functions as an effective UVA protection agent. AV is highly susceptible to photoinduced diketonization in both nonpolar solvents and in aqueous aggregates but is considerably more stable in polar, protic solvents like methanol. By studying its stability in different surfactant solutions, we show that incorporation of AV into sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) micelles can achieve stability levels comparable to neat methanol. Steady-state spectral shifts, fluorescence anisotropy, and time-resolved fluorescence decay measurements are all consistent with AV experiencing a polar environment after micellar encapsulation. It is proposed that AV is encapsulated in the palisade layer of the SDS micelles, which allows access to water molecules that facilitate the re-formation of the enol form after photon absorption and relaxation. link3 Although the detailed mechanism of AV tautomerization remains unclear, this work suggests that tuning the chemical microenvironment of AV may be a useful strategy for improving sunscreen efficacy.
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