Notes

Seclusion of Lymphatic system Muscle Cells (LMCs ) through Rat Mesentery.
esearch (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 25, No. 31. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.[Erratum to BMB Reports 2012; 45(9) 509-514, PMID 23010171] The BMB Reports would like to correct in the Figure 2 of BMB Rep. 2012; 45(9) 509-514 titled "Biphasic effects of TGFβ1 on BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells." The original version of this article unfortunately contained image assembling error in the Figure 2. The image for "GFP-Day13" group was inadvertently duplicated from that for "BT20-Day 5" group, and an incorrect image was used for "GFP-Day 17" group. This article has been updated to correct this error in Figure 2.Viral latency is an active process during which the host cell environment is optimized for latent carriage and reactivation. This requires control of both viral and host gene promoters and enhancers often at the level of chromatin, and several viruses co-opt the chromatin organiser CTCF to control gene expression during latency. While CTCF has a role in the latencies of alpha- and gamma-herpesviruses, it was not known whether CTCF played a role in the latency of the beta-herpesvirus human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). Here, we show that HCMV latency is associated with increased CTCF expression and CTCF binding to the viral major lytic promoter, the major immediate early promoter (MIEP). This increase in CTCF binding is dependent on the virally encoded G protein coupled receptor, US28, and contributes to suppression of MIEP-driven transcription, a hallmark of latency. Furthermore, we show that latency-associated upregulation of CTCF represses expression of the neutrophil chemoattractants S100A8 and S100A9 which we have previously shown are downregulated during HCMV latency. As with downregulation of the MIEP, CTCF binding to the enhancer region of S100A8/A9 drives their suppression, again in a US28-dependent manner. Taken together, we identify CTCF upregulation as an important mechanism for optimizing latent carriage of HCMV at both the levels of viral and cellular gene expression.Nanomaterials have applications in almost every field and among them, green nanomaterials have various biological applications. Green nanomaterials are specifically useful for drug and DNA delivery applications. Considering that cellulose is the most abundant and easily available biomolecules, and it has been used for preparing greener cellulose nanomaterials. Cellulosic nanowhiskers are a cost-effective and green alternative to chemical non-viral gene delivery systems. Cellulose nanowhiskers are commonly extracted from plant sources, and they are generally prepared by sulfuric and hydrochloric acid hydrolysis of plant cellulose. In this review, the topic of cellulose nanowhiskers as green biocompatible materials for gene and drug delivery is discussed with several practical examples.Objectives. The combined role of whole-body vibration (WBV) exposure and awkward posture on musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) experienced by dumper operators in two metalliferous mines in India was evaluated through a cross-sectional study. Methods. Frequency-weighted root mean square (rms) acceleration was used for WBV exposure assessment. Anthropometry and rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) were used for static and dynamic posture assessment, respectively. Prevalence of MSDs was assessed using the Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire (NMQ). Logistic regression was used to assess the factors contributing to MSD problems. Results. The rms values revealed that the operators exceeded the lower limit of Standard No. ISO 2631-11997. The dynamic posture study revealed that the majority of dumper operators were taking awkward postures and 58-74% of them were subjected to high and medium levels of MSD risk. The adjusted odds ratio (7.96, 95% confidence interval [1.24, 41.35]) for the most awkward postures revealed WBV exposure as the significant risk factor for MSD problems among the operators. Conclusion. WBV exposure and posture of operators should be regularly monitored and corrective actions implemented to reduce their MSD problems. Ergonomic seat design based on the anthropometry of the operators should be assessed at the time of procuring new equipment.
One-carbon (1C) metabolism is a metabolic network that integrates nutritional signals with biosynthesis, redox homeostasis, and epigenetics. There are sex differences in hepatic 1C metabolism, however, it is unclear whether sex differences in 1C impact the brain. The aim of this study was to investigate if sex modulates the effects of dietary folic acid deficiency, the main component of 1C, in brain tissue using a mouse model.

Male and female C57Bl/6J mice were placed on a folic acid deficient (FD) or control diet (CD) at six weeks until six months of aged. After which brain tissue and serum were collected for analysis. In brain tissue, hippocampal volume, morphology, and apoptosis as well as cortical acetylcholine metabolism were measured.

Male and female FD mice had reduced serum levels of folate. Both males and females maintained on a FD showed a decrease in the thickness of the hippocampal CA1-CA3 region. Interestingly, there was a sex difference in the levels of active caspase-3 within the CA3 region of the hippocampus. In cortical tissue, there were increased levels of neuronal ChAT and reduced levels of AChE in FD females and male mice.

The results indicated that FD impacts hippocampal morphology and cortical neuronal acetylcholine metabolism. The data from our study indicate that there was only one sex difference and that was in hippocampal apoptosis. Our study provides little evidence that sex modulates the effects of dietary folate deficiency on hippocampal morphology and cortical neuronal acetylcholine metabolism.
The results indicated that FD impacts hippocampal morphology and cortical neuronal acetylcholine metabolism. The data from our study indicate that there was only one sex difference and that was in hippocampal apoptosis. Our study provides little evidence that sex modulates the effects of dietary folate deficiency on hippocampal morphology and cortical neuronal acetylcholine metabolism.
www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02430259)
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02430259..
www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02430259)Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02430259..
Hyperemesis gravidarum is known to induce nutritional, water and electrolyte deficiencies which can be fatal if not treated urgently. Thiamine deficiency may lead to a constellation of neurological symptoms that include Wernicke encephalopathy. Moreover, Wernicke encephalopathy is typically manifested as ocular paresis, ataxia and confusion.

Retrospective review of 6 women who developed neurological abnormalities following hyperemesis gravidarum and were treated with varying dosage of parenteral thiamine.

Five women developed atypical neurological symptoms, namely, slurred speech, visual loss, seizure and aggressive behaviour while one woman developed typical clinical triad of Wernicke encephalopathy after hyperemesis gravidarum. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans revealed abnormalities suggestive of Wernicke encephalopathy in three women only. All women improved after parenteral thiamine administration during hospital stay and had a complete neurological recovery during 2 months follow up.

Wernic for management in women with normal MRI scans.The present study aimed to investigate fatigue among firefighters and its relationship with their safety behavior. The moderation and mediation effects of perceived safety climate on this relationship were also investigated. Firefighters from 10 petrochemical companies in Iran were investigated. Moderation analysis was performed based on hierarchical regression analyses and mediation effects were studied using structural equation modeling. A total number of 261 firefighters participated in this study. The mean scores of general fatigue, physical fatigue, reduced activity, reduced motivation and mental fatigue were 10.5, 9.0, 8.2, 7.6 and 8.7, respectively. Fatigue had a negative significant effect on firefighters' safety behavior. Perceived safety climate had a mediation but not moderation effect on the relationship between fatigue and safety behavior of firefighters. TNO155 Generally, the fatigue level among firefighters was fairly low, but had a significant negative effect on firefighter's safety behavior. Perceived safety climate can mediate such a negative effect.Identifying the individual factors is a major issue in determining the likelihood of human error and ultimately human reliability. In current human reliability assessment methods, this is determined based on a list of performance shaping factors and experts' judgment. This was a qualitative content analysis study, in which the participants were selected using purposive sampling from combined cycle power plant control rooms. Semi-structured interviews were performed and collected data were analyzed. A total of 32 operators (20 module controllers, eight head operators and four managers) were interviewed. Five categories were extracted, namely 'mental condition', 'consciousness at work', 'professional competence', 'communication skills' and 'quick reactions and decision-making capabilities'. Accordingly, it is suggested to taken into account such factors as professional competence and speed of reactions and to pay more attention to their important factors in the reliability of operators in combined cycle power plant control rooms.Introduction Major depressive disorder (MDD) and cocaine use disorder (CUD) are prevalent and frequently co-occur. When co-occurring, the presence of one disorder typically negatively impacts the prognosis for the other. Given the clinical relevance, we sought to examine pharmacotherapies for co-occurring CUD and MDD. While multiple treatment options have been examined in the treatment of each condition individually, studies exploring pharmacological options for their comorbidity are fewer and not conclusive.Areas Covered For this review, the authors searched the literature in PubMed using clinical query options for therapies and keywords relating to each condition. Then, they described potentially promising pharmacologic therapeutic options based on shared mechanisms between the two conditions and/or results from individual clinical trials conducted to date.Expert opinion Medications like stimulants, dopamine (D3) receptors partial agonists or antagonists, antagonists of kappa opioid receptors, topiramate, and ketamine could be promising as there is significant overlap relating to reward deficiency models, antireward pathways, and altered glutamatergic systems. However, the available clinical literature on any one of these types of agents is mixed. Additionally, for some agents there is possible concern related to abuse potential (e.g. ketamine and stimulants).A novel gold nanoparticle (Do-AuNP) was successfully synthesized from water extracts of traditional Chinese medicine Dendrobium officinale (DO) without using any extra chemicals regents. The physicochemical properties of Do-AuNPs were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The amount of DO extract on the AuNPs was about 13%. In order to evaluate the anti-tumor efficiency and biosafety, the inhibitory rate of HepG2 cells and survival rate of L02 cells were performed in vitro, and the immunohistochemical analysis of H&E, Ki-67, and TUNEL staining were conducted in vivo. Our results demonstrated that Do-AuNP had better anti-tumor efficiency compared with DO extraction alone without increasing toxicity in vivo and in vitro. The present study provides useful information for Do-AuNP as a new nanomedicine for liver cancer.
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