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'Physical Action Several Everyone' school-based involvement to avoid loss of adolescent exercising ranges: One year (mid-intervention) report on the cluster randomised tryout.
After experiencing the same episode, some people can recall certain details about it, whereas others cannot. We investigate how common (intersubject) neural patterns during memory encoding influence whether an episode will be subsequently remembered, and how divergence from a common organization is associated with encoding failure. SW033291 Using functional magnetic resonance imaging with intersubject multivariate analyses, we measured brain activity as people viewed episodes within wildlife videos and then assessed their memory for these episodes. During encoding, greater neural similarity was observed between the people who later remembered an episode (compared with those who did not) within the regions of the declarative memory network (hippocampus, posterior medial cortex [PMC], and dorsal Default Mode Network [dDMN]). The intersubject similarity of the PMC and dDMN was episode-specific. Hippocampal encoding patterns were also more similar between subjects for memory success that was defined after one day, compared with immediately after retrieval. The neural encoding patterns were sufficiently robust and generalizable to train machine learning classifiers to predict future recall success in held-out subjects, and a subset of decodable regions formed a network of shared classifier predictions of subsequent memory success. This work suggests that common neural patterns reflect successful, rather than unsuccessful, encoding across individuals. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail [email protected] therapies for operable breast cancer patients have improved outcomes and have thus become standard treatments. Recently, new molecular target drugs and regimens are being developed based on the predicted sensitivity for specific breast cancer histological types. Systemic therapy is selected according to recurrence risk, with the treatment for low-risk patients being de-escalated, while high-risk patients receive aggressive systemic treatment with an adequate dose and duration. Neoadjuvant systemic therapy has a different aim. The efficacy of systemic therapies, based on the sensitivities to drugs, is supported by improvements in the rate of breast-conserving therapy. The response to neoadjuvant systemic therapy is the most important factor for predicting outcomes and selecting the optimal adjuvant therapy. Novel biological markers unique to individual patients allow appropriate targeted therapy, which can achieve optimal efficacy. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail [email protected] in DNA methylation have been found to be highly correlated with aging in humans, but causes or consequences of these changes are not understood. We characterized the DNA methylomes of several hundred people in the InCHIANTI study to identify DNA sites in which percent methylation was systematically different with age. Then, we tested the hypothesis that changes of percent methylation in the same DNA sites occur longitudinally for the same DNA sites in the same subjects. We identified six differentially methylated regions in which percent methylation showed robust longitudinal changes in the same direction. We then describe functions of the genes near these differentially methylated regions and their potential relationship with aging, noting that the genes appear to regulate metabolism or cell type specificity. The nature of transcription factor binding sites in the vicinity of these differentially methylated regions suggest that these age-associated methylation changes reflect modulation of two biological mechanisms the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), a protein complex that trimethylates histone H3 on lysine 27 and the transcriptional repressor CTCF, both of which are regulators of chromatin architecture. These findings are consistent with the idea that changes in methylation with aging are of adaptive nature. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail [email protected] The impact of disease and nonbattle injury (DNBI) on casualty burden of military operations has historically been greater than that of battle-related injuries. The ratio of battle to DNBI casualties has changed as advances in equipment, hygiene, and infectious diseases have been made; however, during military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, 30% of serious injuries treated or evacuated from the area of operations were secondary to NBI. Most DoD research and intervention efforts focus on battle injuries; NBI has received much less practical attention. We aimed to explore the potential utility of the largest Department of Defense casualty database in identifying potential intervention targets for preventing NBI events. MATERIALS AND METHODS Phase I was a comprehensive NBI literature review from historical and current military operations. Phase II was an IRB exempt initial examination of relevant data contained in the Department of Defense Trauma Registry (DoDTR). Phase I A MEDLINE search using tatabases that assess operational and tactical data should be considered. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Association of Military Surgeons of the United States 2020. This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US.Heavy metal contamination is a major environmental and human health hazard in many areas of the world. Organic acids sequester heavy metals and protect plant roots from the effects of toxicity; however, it is largely unknown how these acids are regulated in response to heavy metal stress. Here, protein kinase MdSOS2L1 from apple was functionally characterized. MdSOS2L1 was found to involve in the regulation of malate excretion, and inhibit cadmium uptake into roots. Using the DUAL membrane system in a screen of an apple cDNA library with MdSOS2L1 as a bait, a malate transporter, MdALMT14, was identified as an interactor. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation, pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation assays further indicated the interaction of the two proteins. Transgenic analyses showed that MdSOS2L1 is required for cadmium-induced phosphorylation at the Ser358 site of MdALMT14; a modification that enhanced the stability of the MdALMT14 protein. MdSOS2L1 was also shown to enhance cadmium tolerance in an MdALMT14-dependent manner.
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