Notes

An Integrated Method of Bone and joint Efficiency, Ailment, along with Restoration.
The findings from this study will contribute to our understanding of upstream prevention of youth substance use and will be used to support scaling of the IPM across Canada.
The findings from this study will contribute to our understanding of upstream prevention of youth substance use and will be used to support scaling of the IPM across Canada.
Endothelial injury is one of the predominant pathophysiological characteristics of sepsis and is the major cause of sepsis-induced multiple organ failure. Endothelial pyroptosis is a fatal mechanism of endothelial injury in sepsis, and specific, effective therapies are lacking. Although hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has been shown to have anti-apoptotic and anti-necrotic effects, whether it prevents pyroptosis to improve endothelial injury in sepsisremains unclear.

Recombinant HGF was intravenously injected into mice with sepsis caused by caecal ligation puncture (CLP). Histopathological examination and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to measure lung vascular endothelial injury. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was transfected into EA.hy926 cells to induce endothelial pyroptosis, and the cells were treated with HGF in the presence of inhibitors of c-Met and mTOR, namely, PHA-665752 and rapamycin, respectively. The mTOR signalling pathway and mitochondrial physiology were assessed using Western bnalling to partially ameliorate endothelial pyroptosis and attenuate vascular endothelial injury and acute lung injury in sepsis animal model.
Artesunate plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (ASP) is first-line treatment for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in most of India, except for six North-eastern provinces where treatment failure rates were high. In Ujjain, central India, the frequency of mutations associated with increased drug tolerance, but not overt resistance to sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine were 9% and > 80%, respectively, in 2009 and 2010, just prior to the introduction of ASP. The frequency of drug resistance associated mutations in Ujjain in 2015-2016 after 3-4years of ASP use, are reported.

Blood samples from patients with P. falciparum mono-infection verified by microscopy were collected on filter-paper at all nine major pathology laboratories in Ujjain city. Codons pfdhfr 16-185, pfdhps 436-632 and K13 407-689 were identified by sequencing. Pfcrt K76T and pfmdr1 N86Y were identified by restriction fragment length polymorphism.

Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance-associated pfdhfr 108N and 59R alleles were found in 1ASP probably remained effective, supporting continued ASP use.
To examine compositional associations between short sleep duration and sedentary behavior (SB), light physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among children and adolescents.

Multi-day 24-h data on sleep, SB, LPA and MVPA were collected using accelerometers among 343 children (8-13 years old) and 316 adolescents (14-18 years old). Children and adolescents with sleep duration of < 9 and <8 h, respectively, were classified as short sleepers. Robust compositional regression analysis was used to examine the associations between short sleep duration and the waking-time composition.

Seventy-one percent of children and 75.3% of adolescents were classified as short sleepers. In children, being a short sleeper was associated with higher SB by 95 min/day (p< 0.001) and lower MVPA by 16 min/day (p= 0.002). Specifically, it was associated with a higher amount of time spent in long sedentary bouts (β
= 0.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.29 to 0.62) and lower amounts of ublic health interventions and strategies to tackle the high prevalence of short sleep duration among children and adolescents are warranted.
Tobacco control strategies have engendered overall declines in smoking; however, a large gap remains between people with and without mental health problems, causing substantial health inequalities. Population-level information on barriers and opportunities for improvements is scarce. We aimed to assess mental health status of cigarette smokers and recent ex-smokers ('past-year smokers') in England, and smoking and harm reduction behaviour and quit attempts by mental health status.

Data were collected from 5637 current and 434 recent ex-smokers in 2016/17 in household surveys of representative samples of adults. We calculated weighted prevalence of different indicators of mental health problem a) ever diagnosis, b) none, moderate, serious past-month distress, c) past-year treatment. We compared weighted smoking status, cigarette type, dependence, motivation to stop smoking, cutting down, use of nicotine replacement therapy or e-cigarettes, short-term abstinence, and quit attempts according to mental health status.

Among past-year smokers 35.9% ever had a diagnosis; 24.3% had experienced moderate, an additional 9.7% serious, past-month distress; 21.9% had had past-year treatment. Those with an indication of a mental health problem were more highly dependent and more likely to smoke roll-your-own cigarettes but also more likely to be motivated to stop smoking, to cut down, use nicotine replacement therapy or e-cigarettes and to have attempted to quit in the past year.

About a third of cigarette smokers in England have mental health problems. Interventions should address their increased dependence and leverage higher prevalence of harm reduction behaviours, motivation to stop and attempts to stop smoking.
About a third of cigarette smokers in England have mental health problems. Interventions should address their increased dependence and leverage higher prevalence of harm reduction behaviours, motivation to stop and attempts to stop smoking.
Caregivers experience significant strains as a result of navigating the complex mental health and/or addiction (MHA) system for their youth with MHA issues. We examined the characteristics of Ontario families with youth with MHA issues and their service needs.

A cross-sectional survey study investigated the characteristics and service needs of families with youth with MHA issues across the province of Ontario, Canada. A total of 840 caregivers were recruited.

259 participants (Mage = 45.94, SD = 7.11) identified as caregiving for at least one youth with MHA issues. The majority of the participants were female (70.7%), married (73.4%), and completed at least some college/Bachelor degree (59.1%). The mean age of youth was 16.72 years (SD = 5.33) and the most frequently reported diagnoses were Depression (30.1%), ADHD (27.8%) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (21.2%). Regression results demonstrated that presently accessing services, presently seeking services, and higher levels of barriers MHA services were significantly predictive of identifying navigation as helpful for finding appropriate MHA services (χ
(7) = 28.69, p < .001, Nagelkerke R
 = .16). Furthermore, presently accessing services was significantly predictive of identifying case management as helpful (χ
(7) = 29.59, p < .001, Nagelkerke R
 = .156), and of identifying a primary healthcare provider as helpful (χ
(7) = 38.75, p < .001, Nagelkerke R
 = .197) for finding appropriate MHA services.

Identifying the nature and extent of youth MHA issues, service needs, and family preferences can inform the development of services that address families' needs and lend vital support for accessing services within a complex system.
Identifying the nature and extent of youth MHA issues, service needs, and family preferences can inform the development of services that address families' needs and lend vital support for accessing services within a complex system.
The likelihood of a tumor recurrence in patients with T3-4N0-1 non-small cell lung cancer following multimodality treatment remains substantial, mainly due distant metastases. As pathological complete responses (pCR) in resected specimens are seen in only a minority (28-38%) of patients following chemoradiotherapy, we designed the INCREASE trial (EudraCT-Number 2019-003454-83; Netherlands Trial Register number NL8435) to assess if pCR rates could be further improved by adding short course immunotherapy to induction chemoradiotherapy. selleck chemicals Translational studies will correlate changes in loco-regional and systemic immune status with patterns of recurrence.

This single-arm, prospective phase II trial will enroll 29 patients with either resectable, or borderline resectable, T3-4N0-1 NSCLC. The protocol was approved by the institutional ethics committee. Study enrollment commenced in February 2020. On day 1 of guideline-recommended concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT), ipilimumab (IPI, 1 mg/kg IV) and nivolumab (NIVOchanisms of action and drug related adverse events.

Netherlands Trial Registration (NTR) NL8435 , Registered 03 March 2020.
Netherlands Trial Registration (NTR) NL8435 , Registered 03 March 2020.
Physiotherapy is a proven effective treatment strategy after total knee and hip arthroplasty (TKA/THA), however there is considerable practice variation regarding its timing, content and duration. This study aims to compare the (cost-) effectiveness of a standardized, treat-to-target postoperative physiotherapy strategy with usual postoperative care.

Using a cluster randomized study design, consecutive patients scheduled for a primary TKA/THA in 18 hospitals in the Netherlands will be assigned to the treat-to-target physio therapy strategy or usual postoperative care. With the treat-to-target strategy a standardized, individually tailored, exercise program is aimed at the attainment of specific functional milestones. Assessments are done at baseline, 6 weeks and 3, 6, 9 and 12 months follow up. The primary outcome will be the Knee injury / Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score - Physical Function Short Form (KOOS-PS / HOOS-PS) at 3 months follow up. Secondary outcomes are the numeric rating scale for pain, the Oxford Knee and Hip Scores, performance-based test and the EuroQol 5D-5L for quality of life. Healthcare use, productivity and satisfaction with postoperative care are measured by means of questionnaires. In total, 624 patients will be needed of which 312 TKA and 312 THA patients.

The study will provide evidence concerning the (cost-) effectiveness of the treat-to-target postoperative physiotherapy treatment compared to usual postoperative care. The results of this study will address an important evidence gap and will have a significant impact in daily practice of the physio therapist.

Registered in the Dutch Trial Registry on April 15, 2018. Registration number NTR7129 .
Registered in the Dutch Trial Registry on April 15, 2018. Registration number NTR7129 .
Osteoarthritis (OA) disproportionately impacts African Americans compared to Caucasians, including greater pain severity. The Pain Coping Skills Training for African Americans with Osteoarthritis (STAART) study examined a culturally enhanced Pain Coping Skills Training (CST) program among African Americans with OA. This mixed methods study evaluated the acceptability of the Pain CST program among STAART participants.

STAART was a randomized controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of an 11-session, telephone-based pain CST program, compared to a usual care control group. Participants were from the University of North Carolina and Durham Veterans Affairs Healthcare Systems. The present analyses included 93 participants in the CST group who completed a questionnaire about experiences with the program. Descriptive statistics of the questionnaire responses were calculated using SAS software. Thematic analysis was applied to open-response data using Dedoose software.

Participants' mean rating of overall helpfulness of the pain CST program for managing arthritis symptoms was 8.
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