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Authorship marketing: Bylines on the market.
The final framework describes seven motivations and 24 statements, arranged by the three phases of engagement. CONCLUSION The results of this research describe the motivations of patient and family members who are involved with health systems in various roles including as patient advisors. A deeper knowledge of patient and family motivations will not only create meaningful engagement opportunities but will also enable health organizations to gain from the voice and experience of these individuals, thereby enhancing the quality and sustainability of patient and family involvement. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Hesperadin.html © 2020 The Authors Health Expectations published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Data on dietary nutrient intakes of adolescents in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) is lacking partly due to the absence of validation studies of the 24-h recall method in adolescents. We conducted a validation study of 24-h recall (24HR) compared with observed weighed records (OWR) in adolescents (n = 132, 10-11 years; n = 105, 12-14 years). Dietary data were collected for the same day by both methods by conducting the 24HR the day after the OWR. For OWR, all foods consumed by adolescents from the first to last meal of the day were weighed; for 24HR adolescents reported foods consumed using portion aids. Food intakes were converted to nutrients. Nutrient intakes by both methods were tested for equivalence by comparing the ratios (24HR/OWR) with equivalence margins of within ±10%, 15% and 20% of the ratio. Prevalences of inadequacy (POIs) were obtained using the NCI method. Mean ratios for energy were 0.88 and 0.92, for younger and older adolescents, respectively, and other nutrients ranged between 0.84 and 1.02. Energy intakes were equivalent within the 15% bound, and most nutrients fell within the 20% bound. POI was overestimated by 24HR, but differences were less than 25 percentage points for most nutrients. Half of adolescents omitted foods in recalls, mainly sweet or savoury snacks, fruits and beverages. Our study showed that adolescents underestimated intakes by 24HR; however, the degree of underestimation was generally acceptable for 12-14-year-olds within a bound of 15%. Errors could possibly be reduced with further training and targeted probing. © 2020 The Authors. Maternal & Child Nutrition published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.PURPOSE The aims of this study were to determine the test-retest reliability of the duplicated six-minute walk test (6MWT) in patients with chronic heart failure (HF), and to evaluate its variation over time. METHODS Forty-six patients (9 women) with HF performed duplicated 6MWT every third month for one year (5 follow-ups), for a total of 198 paired tests. The patients completed two 6MWT on the same day with a 45-minute seated rest between tests. RESULTS The mean distance in meters, for the first (6MWT1) vs. the second (6MWT2), for each follow-up, were 408±100 vs. 411±96, 449±94 vs. 465±94, 464±96 vs 473±100, 462±103 vs. 468±104 and 472±105 vs. 482±107. On average, a marginally, clinically insignificant longer walked distance, 9 meters (2.0%), was seen in the second 6MWT. The standard error of a single determination (Smethod ) ranged from 2.4 to 3.9% over the study period, and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) ranged from 0.96 - 0.99 (CI 95% 0.94 - 0.99). The variation over time of ICC or Smethod was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION The 6MWT is highly reliable over time in patients with HF, and one test is, therefore, sufficient in clinical follow-ups. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Vibrio species are ubiquitous in a number of different aquatic environments and promptly adapting to environmental changes due to high genome plasticity. The presence of these bacteria in marine salterns, in relation to a salinity gradient has been not investigated yet. Moreover, it is not clear if these hypersaline environments could represent a reservoir for Vibrio spp. This work investigated, through a metagenetic approach, the distribution of Vibrio (over 2 years) in different ponds along the salinity gradient within the 'Saline di Tarquinia' salterns, considering also the adjacent coastal waters and an isolated brine storage basin (BSB). Vibrio occurrence was higher in the sea than in the ponds and BSB, where it usually represented a rare taxon (abundance less then 1%). In the sea, it showed abundances in-between 1%-2.6% in 8 months out of 24. Four OTUs were assigned to the Vibrio genus; except for one that was more abundant in BSB, the others were much higher in the sea. Redundancy analysis (RDA) suggested a different distribution of the OTUs in relation to water temperature and salinity. Vibrio was found, even with low abundances, at the highest salinities also, suggesting the salterns as a possible reservoir for the bacterium. © 2020 Society for Applied Microbiology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.BACKGROUND Fathers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) report more challenges than fathers of typically developing children, which also negatively impacts their psychological well-being. Although not studied to the same extent in fathers of children with ASD, the challenges experienced by fathers of typically developing children have been shown to impact parenting behaviours. Many children with ASD also have intellectual disability (ID), which adds additional parenting stress. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine perceptions of parenting roles and father-child relationship quality in fathers of children with ASD and ASD/ID. METHODS Twenty-eight fathers of children with ASD (n = 12) and ASD/ID (n = 16) completed a telephone interview. A phenomenological approach was used by two investigators to analyse the interviews. Both investigators coded the interviews and then discussed the final themes. RESULTS Five major themes emerged. One theme that emerged was pre-birth expectations, and the remaining themes related to the post-diagnosis period adjustments, experiences, co-parenting and quality of father-child relationship. Both fathers of a child with ASD and ASD/ID reported on all themes. CONCLUSIONS Overall, fathers of children with ASD and ASD/ID reported similarly on the themes that emerged. Future research with more diverse samples is needed to continue to understand the fatherhood experience. The findings of this study have implications for the development of parent-focused programmes that are tailored to fathers' unique experiences. © 2020 MENCAP and International Association of the Scientific Study of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.The purpose of this study was to alleviate liver disturbance by applying polysaccharides from Dicliptera chinensis (DCP) to act on the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/ nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (AMPK/ Nrf2) oxidative stress pathway and the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4)/ nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) inflammatory pathway and to establish an in vivo liver disturbance model using male C57BL/6J and TLR-4 knockout (-/- ) mice. For this, we evaluated the expression levels of SREBP-1 and Nrf2 after silencing the expression of AMPK using siRNA technology. Our results show that with regard to the TLR-4/ NF-κB inflammatory pathway, DCP inhibits TLR-4, up-regulates the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), reduces the expression of phospho(p)-NF-κB and leads to the reduction of downstream inflammatory factors, such as tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β, thereby inhibiting the inflammatory response. Regarding the AMPK/ Nrf2 oxidative stress pathway, DCP up-regulates the expression of p-AMPK and Nrf2, in addition to regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and ameliorating liver disturbance symptoms. In summary, our study shows that DCP alleviates liver disturbances by inhibiting mechanisms used during liver inflammation and oxidative stress depression, which provides a new strategy for the clinical treatment of liver disturbance. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine published by Foundation for Cellular and Molecular Medicine and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Predictability is a key requirement to encompass late-stage C-H functionalization in synthetic routes. However, prediction (and control) of reaction selectivity is usually challenging, especially for complex substrate structures and elusive transformations such as remote C( sp 3 )-H oxidation, as it requires to distinguish a specific C-H bond from many others with similar reactivity. Herein, we develop a strategy for predictable, remote C-H oxidation that entails substrate binding to a supramolecular Mn or Fe catalyst followed by elucidation of the conformation of the host-guest adduct via NMR analysis or, more easily, docking of crystal structures. These analyses indicate which remote C-H bonds are suitably oriented for the oxidation before carrying out the reaction, enabling prediction of site-selectivity. We applied this strategy to late-stage C( sp 3 )-H oxidation of aminosteroids at C15 (or C16) positions, with a selectivity tunable by modification of catalyst chirality and metal. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Sloppy and careless use of words abound in common language. But scientists should adhere to precise and accurate language in their communication with peers and the public. © 2020 The Author.Pseudomonas aeruginosa exploits several types of motility behaviors to colonize diverse environments. One of these is swarming motility, a coordinated group movement on a semi-solid surface. This bacterium needs to express a functional flagellum and produce rhamnolipids to display this type of social motility. A ΔhptB mutant, a gene part of the Gac/Rsm signaling pathway, produces rhamnolipids and expresses a functional flagellum but has an important swarming defect. Experimental directed evolution was performed on this mutant under swarming conditions to obtain compensatory mutations and thus identify genes responsible for its deficient swarming phenotype. Unexpectedly, a gain-of-function subpopulation emerged from this evolution with mutations in lasR, which codes for a key quorum sensing transcriptional regulator. Furthermore, we found that lasR- mutants even emerge at high frequencies in the wild-type strain when using the same experimental evolution strategy. The resulting evolved population, largely composed of LasR-defective mutants, is fitter than the original strain in swarming motility. We also established that lasR- mutants have a growth advantage under swarming conditions when compared to wild-type. Our results demonstrate that a social phenotype, i.e. swarming motility, favors the emergence of mutants deficient in a quorum sensing regulatory pathway to the benefit of the whole population. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.The recent e-editorial (1) on the Molecular Microscope® Diagnostic System (MMDx) presents an opportunity to reflect on the opportunities inherent in molecular platforms and machine learning. Diagnostic platforms are judged by precision and accuracy. Precision is the reproducibility of the assessments; accuracy is the degree to which the assessments reflect the true disease state in the patient. For example, "rejection" used to mean T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR) but that was inaccurate before the recognition of antibody-mediated rejection (2, 3). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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