Notes

Nomenclature and also methods regarding category regarding cardiomyopathy in children.
The influence of viscoelasticity on the dewetting of ultrathin polymer films is unraveled by means of theory and numerical simulations in the inertialess limit. Three viscoelastic models are employed to analyse the dynamics of the film, namely the Oldroyd-B, Giesekus, and FENE-P models. We revisit the linear stability analysis first derived by [Tomar et al., Eur. Phys. J. E., 2006, 20, 185-200] for a Jeffrey's film to conclude that all three models formally share the same dispersion relation. For times close to the rupture singularity, the self-similar regime recently discovered [Moreno-Boza et al., Phys. Rev. Fluids, 2020, 5, 014002], where the dimensionless minimum film thickness scales with the dimensionless time until rupture as hmin = 0.665τ1/3, is asymptotically established independently of the rheological model. The spatial structure of the flow is characterised by a Newtonian core and a thin viscoelastic boundary layer at the free surface, where polymeric stresses become singular as τ → 0. The Deborah number and the solvent-to-total viscosity ratio affect the rupture time but not the length scale of the resulting dewetting pattern and asymptotic flow structure close to rupture, which is thus shown to be universal. Our three-dimensional simulations lead us to conclude that bulk viscoelasticity alone does not explain the experimental observations of dewetting of polymeric films near the glass transition.Photocatalytic catalysts with a large specific surface area generally can not only supply more active sites but also facilitate the surface charge separation process. Here, we present a facile method to synthesize highly porous polymeric carbon nitride by an acid etching process. Benefitting from the porous structure and enlarged specific surface area, CN-0.25H reveals an enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate. Experimental and computational results suggest that the improved surface charge separation process mainly accounts for the enhanced photocatalytic activity, illustrating the importance of the surface area for a CN photocatalyst.Anti-tumor treatment based on free radicals is often inefficient in hypoxic tumors, mainly because of the oxygen-dependent generation mechanism of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Herein, we report an NIR laser-controlled nano-system that is capable of generating alkyl radicals in situ in an oxygen-independent approach. Hollow mesoporous Prussian blue nanoparticles (HPB NPs) were developed to co-encapsulate the azo initiator (AIBI) and 1-tetradecanol as the phase change material (PCM, melting point of ∼39 °C), obtaining the AP@HPB NPs. At normal body temperature, the PCM remained in the solid state to prevent the pre-leakage of AIBI. Upon NIR laser irradiation (808 nm) at the tumor site, AP@HPB NPs generated heat upon photothermal conversion, which melted the PCM to release AIBI and decomposed AIBI to produce toxicity free alkyl radicals under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. The alkyl free radicals efficiently killed tumor cells by causing oxidative stress and damaging DNA. Meanwhile, NIR light-induced hyperthermia cooperated with free radicals to efficiently eradicate tumors. This study therefore provides a promising strategy toward oxygen-independent free radical therapy, especially for the treatment of hypoxic tumors.A [Mn18] wheel of wheels is obtained from the reaction of MnBr2·4H2O and LH3 in MeOH. The metallic skeleton reveals two asymmetric [MnIII6MnII2] square wheels connected into a larger wheel via two MnII ions. Magnetic susceptibility and magnetisation data reveal competing exchange interactions, supported by computational studies.The first fluorooxoborate with reversible phase transition, BaB4O5F4, has been obtained. Interestingly, the two polymorphs, α- and β-BaB4O5F4 with rare [BOF3], feature various one-dimensional chains composed of the unprecedented fundamental building blocks of [B16O21F16] and [B4O6F4], respectively. First-principles calculations were performed to elucidate the structure-property relationships.We describe a graph-convolutional neural network (GCN) model, the reaction prediction capabilities of which are as potent as those of the transformer model based on sufficient data, and we adopt the Baeyer-Villiger oxidation reaction to explore their performance differences based on limited data. The top-1 accuracy of the GCN model (90.4%) is higher than that of the transformer model (58.4%).Phosphorus-doped activated carbon is reported for the first time as a highly selective catalyst for n-hexane dehydroaromatization to benzene and hydrogen with 100% n-hexane conversion and 97% benzene selectivity. The weak/medium-strength acidic centres composed of (CO)(C)-P(O)(OH) units on the catalyst surface would be the catalytic active sites. This work provides a new alternative in the preparation of metal-free catalysts for the highly selective functionalization of C-H bonds of n-alkanes.Chiral substituted cyclic amines are ubiquitous among biologically active molecules and natural products and are valuable intermediates in organic synthesis. Stable and easy to synthesize enamides and dienamides are versatile building blocks for the preparation of chiral amines. The exceptional synergy displayed between these synthetic synthons and chiral phosphoric acid catalysts has successfully been harnessed to develop straightforward formal cycloadditions exhibiting notably high enantiocontrol. This feature article showcases the remarkable versatility of these cycloadditions to access chiral cyclic amines with different ring sizes ranging from 5- to 7-membered rings, with an emphasis on biologically active natural products.Alkenes bearing four carbon-based groups are ubiquitous motifs in chemical sciences due to their various applications from medicinal to materials chemistry, and as chemical platforms for the synthesis of complex, chiral molecules. As such, tremendous research efforts are currently ongoing in order to develop general procedures for the challenging stereoselective synthesis of all-carbon tetrasubstituted alkenes, especially for acyclic structures. Since classical approaches to carbon-carbon double bonds are not suitable for the high steric demand around tetrasubstituted alkenes, a variety of unique approaches to access these privileged functional groups have been developed in recent years. This review article highlights the most significant developments in the field from 2007 to 2020, with an emphasis on the mechanisms and remaining limitations of these contemporary methods. Specifically, recent advances in internal alkyne carbofunctionalizations, in multicomponent couplings or other cross-couplings from nucleophilic or electrophilic alkenyl partners, and in the development of miscellaneous methods, are discussed.A controlled polymerization strategy is developed by confining the step-growth polycondensation to take place exclusively in the nanochannels of dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles. A variety of conjugated polymers with rich structural patterns were obtained in high yields. The molecular weights were precisely controlled with narrow molecular weight distributions. The obtained conjugated polymers were freely processed in solution and casted in film, showing bright fluorescence emission. All the features of this controlled polymerization method endow the conjugated polymers great potential for future applications.Chemical transformations under visible irradiation are interesting in green preparation. Herein, a photo-oxidative coupling reaction of para-aminothiophenol (p-ATP) dimerizing to 4-aminophenyl disulfide (APDS) rather than 4,4'-dimercaptoazobenzene (DMAB) was achieved in water by visible light irradiation, producing monodispersed organic nanoparticles in situ with strong light scattering visualized by the dark-field microscopy (DFM) imaging technique, owing to the formation of disulfide.A dual-intein approach for the preparation of head-to-tail macrocyclic peptides is reported, where synthetic and genetically encoded fragments are ligated by two native peptide bonds. A split intein ligates the synthetic and genetically encoded peptides via protein trans-splicing and is followed by intramolecular cyclization through an expressed protein ligation step mediated with a cis-intein. We identified a suitable pair of orthogonal inteins and optimized the conditions for a one-pot cyclization protocol. We report the semisynthesis of model macrocyles with various ring sizes and of the natural product sunflower trypsin inhibitor (SFTI) along with its ornithine analog.Here a facile four-electrode electrolysis system is firstly applied to synthesize a CuOx/graphene hybrid. The exfoliation of graphite via high electrolytic voltage and dissolution of copper via low electrolytic voltage are achieved simultaneously. CuOx/G with the highest content of CuOx shows superior electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction to hydrogen peroxide.Disseminated tumor cells in bleeding and residual tumor cells in the resection tumor site are the primary factors that result in tumor recurrence after surgery. Safe and efficient local implantation of the drug depot system into the resection cavity to inhibit tumor recurrence would be of great benefit to reduce the mortality of postoperative patients. Here, a sandwich-like doxorubicin-triptolide-loaded fiber/(chitosan/gelatin) sponge, DTF/CGS, is fabricated, combining hemostatic, antibacterial, and chemotherapeutic capability. The CGS obtained via freeze-drying can efficiently prevent bleeding; meanwhile, the metastatic residual tumor cells are stuck with the clotted absorbed blood. Subsequently, dual drugs released from the electrospun fiber can further kill the stuck tumor cells in CGS and the disseminated tumor cells to significantly inhibit the tumor recurrence. This antitumor recurrence strategy by immediately implanting a multifunctional hybrid sponge for in situ postoperative management may possess great potential for preventing tumor recurrence.Cerium oxide (CeO2) and 1%, 5% and 10% zirconium/tin-dual doped CeO2 nanoparticles (Zr/Sn-dual doped CeO2 NPs) were synthesized using an aqueous leaf extract of Pometia pinnata. By using UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, the band gap energies of these materials were found to be in the range of ∼2.49 to 2.66 eV. The average crystallite sizes of the fluorite phase obtained from X-ray diffraction were between 7 and 16 nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis further confirmed the synthesis of CeO2 and Sn-doped CeO2 NPs. https://www.selleckchem.com/ Almost spherical shapes of the nanomaterials with an average particle size of 12-17 nm were determined using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy studies. Photoantioxidant activities of the synthesized materials showed enhanced photoantioxidant response under visible light irradiation in comparison with those under dark conditions in both dose- and time-dependent manner. The CeO2 NPs exhibited a significant concentration-dependent antibiofilm activity against the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes). Only the 10% Zr/Sn-dual doped-CeO2 NPs were found to inhibit S. aureus biofilm formation at higher concentrations. All Zr/Sn-dual doped CeO2 NPs exhibited a concentration-dependent biofilm inhibition of L. monocytogenes and also bactericidal activity towards S. aureus. These nanomaterials exhibited enhanced photoantioxidant activities and antibacterial properties, which make them suitable for various biological applications.
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