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Comparability of the visual efficiency associated with iris-fixated phakic zoom lens along with implantable collamer contact lens to take care of large short sightedness.
Type 2 diabetes is one of the most common diseases in the aging population; however, data concerning correlates of diabetes in age-advanced individuals are limited. The study aimed to identify the socioeconomic correlates of diabetes in representative groups of oldest-old (≥ 85 years) and younger (65 to 84 years) Polish Caucasian seniors.

PolSenior is a multicentre, population-based study conducted in Poland. Fasting plasma glucose levels and data from detailed medical questionnaires were obtained from 2128 male and 1961 female study participants aged ≥ 65 years. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify significant socioeconomic risk factors for diabetes and undiagnosed diabetes.

The overall prevalence of diabetes in the study group was 21.9% (24.0% in women vs. 19.9% in men, p = 0.002), with an estimated weighted prevalence for all older Poles of 23.1%. Nearly one-fifth of cases were previously undiagnosed. Diabetes was more common in the younger elderly (65-84 years) than in the oldest-oldividuals remain undiagnosed and do not benefit from the currently available therapy.
The prevalence of diabetes in the ≥ 65-year-old population exceeds 20% but is lower in the oldest-old than in the younger elderly and is modified by socioeconomic factors. Many elderly individuals remain undiagnosed and do not benefit from the currently available therapy.
Body composition (BC) and adipokines share bone active properties and display an altered profile in acromegaly. The fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23)/α-Klotho system, also involved in bone metabolism, is upregulated in growth hormone (GH) excess states. Hence, we aimed to investigate their impact on bone in active acromegaly, compared to controls.

BC, bone mineral density (BMD) (via dual X-ray absorptiometry), serum adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, resistin), parathyroid hormone (PTH), FGF23, α-Klotho, and osteocalcin were assessed in a cross-sectional study enrolling 35 patients with active acromegaly (Acro), compared to 35 sex, age, and body mass index (BMI) one-to-one matched healthy controls (CTL).

The Acro group had higher bone density scores (p< 0.05), lower visceral fat depots (p = 0.011), and lower serum leptin (p < 0.001) but elevated adiponectin (p < 0.001) and resistin (p = 0.001) concentrations when compared to the CTL group. α-Klotho was not related to the GH/IGF1 axis in the Acrtients with active disease, while IGF1 was independently associated with serum osteocalcin concentrations. The role of α-Klotho in evaluating acromegaly and the associated osteopathy in the long-term appears to be limited. Our study is among the first to report significant serum resistin changes in patients with active acromegaly, opening new insights in the GH-mediated insulin resistance. The GH-resistin relationship merits further investigations.The aim of the study was to verify the thesis that dietary calcium intake influences the risk of osteoporotic fractures established by online available calculators.
The study was performed in 521 postmenopausal women aged over 55 years recruited in one osteoporotic outpatient clinic. Mean age was 67.7±8.6 years.

Fracture risk was established using FRAX (major and hip fractures, 10 years), Garvan calculator (any and hip fractures, 5 and 10 years) and Polish algorithm available at www.fracture-risk.pl (any fractures, 5 years). Bone densitometry at femoral neck was performed using a device Prodigy (Lunar, GE, USA) to calculate fracture risk by each of those calculators. Calcium intake was established based on dietary questionnaire.

Mean values of fracture risk for all three calculators and T-score value for DXA measurement at femoral neck did not correlate with calcium intake. A tendency to insignificantly lower calcium intake was observed in subgroup with high hip fracture risk by FRAX (≥3%) versus low hipntake was observed in subgroup with high hip fracture risk by FRAX (≥3%) versus low hip FRAX ( less then 3%) 744±328 mg/day vs. 765±299 mg/day. The same analysis for FRAX major fracture risk revealed similar tendency 700±299 mg/day and 760±311 mg/day in high (≥20%) and low ( less then 20%) fracture risk groups, respectively. Calcium intake did not influence at all the results obtained in two others calculators. Calcium intake did not differ between subjects with prior falls and those ones without falls. However, if the number of falls was taken into account, the women who reported three and more falls had significantly lower calcium intake (621±275 mg/day) than subjects with no falls (767±304 mg/day; p less then 0.05) or with one fall (766±317 mg/day; p less then 0.05). AT13387 research buy Concluding, calcium intake does not correlate with fracture risk established by calculators available on-line but low calcium intake may increase the risk of falls.
The risk of cardiometabolic diseases is increased in patients with hypogonadism. The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a novel surrogate marker of insulin resistance and is associated with cardiovascular diseases. We investigated the TyG index levels and the relationship with endothelial dysfunction and insulin resistance in patients with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH).

A total of 98 patients with CHH (mean age 21.66 ± 1.99 years) and 98 healthy control subjects (mean age 21.69 ± 1.21 years) were enrolled. The demographic parameters, TyG index, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels were measured for all participants.

The patients had higher waist circumference (p < 0.001), triglycerides (p = 0.001), insulin (p = 0.003), HOMA-IR (p = 0.002), ADMA (p < 0.001), and TyG index (p < 0.001) levels and lower HDL-C (p = 0.044) and total testosterone (p < 0.001) levels compared to healthy control subjects. TyG index levels significantly correlated with the ADMA (r = 0.31, p = 0.003) and HOMA-IR (r = 0.32, p < 0.001) levels. TyG index was also determinant of HOMA-IR levels (ß = 0.20, p = 0.018).

The results of the present study show that patients with CHH had increased TyG index levels. Also, the TyG index is independently associated with insulin resistance in patients with CHH. Long-term follow-up studies are warranted to find out the role of the TyG index in determining cardiometabolic risk in patients with hypogonadism.
The results of the present study show that patients with CHH had increased TyG index levels. Also, the TyG index is independently associated with insulin resistance in patients with CHH. Long-term follow-up studies are warranted to find out the role of the TyG index in determining cardiometabolic risk in patients with hypogonadism.
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