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Fabrication as well as depiction regarding micro-porous cellulose filtration systems pertaining to indoor quality of air manage.
bial properties against different microorganisms.In this article the origins of Mary Shelley's neurological and cerebrovascular problems are described. Through a reanalysis of her biography, her early health issues caused by a dermatological condition, potentially eczema, psoriasis or chickenpox, are related, thanks to current biomedical knowledge, to her migraines and strokes, including the one that killed her.Objective Avascular necrosis (AVN)has been encountered in hematological malignancies; nonetheless, AVN is extremely uncommon in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). This review aims to describe the pathophysiology, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of AVN in CML. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review of this topic.
We searched PubMed and Google Scholar for the case reports and series of patients with CML who developed AVN from inception to July 2021.

We found 21 cases of AVN in CML patients,17 cases with avascular necrosis of the femoral head (AVNFH), and four cases with osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ). The median age was 39 years with an almost equal distribution between males and females (ratio of 11). AVN related to CML management has been linked to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and standard interferon-alpha (IFN-α) therapies. Only six (out of 17) patients who developed AVN of the femoral head eventually required a hip replacement, and one (out of 17) developed a recurrent episode of AVNFH. All the reported cases of CML with osteonecrosis of the jaw were associated with TKIs therapy.

Clinician should consider AVN in any CML patient complaining of either hip or jaw pain. IFN-α and TKI therapies can predispose to AVN in CML patients. Further studies are required for a better understanding of this condition in CML.
Clinician should consider AVN in any CML patient complaining of either hip or jaw pain. IFN-α and TKI therapies can predispose to AVN in CML patients. Further studies are required for a better understanding of this condition in CML.
The aim was to understand the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of Health Care workers regarding the Novel Coronavirus 2019 cases at the start of the diffusion of the disease in Italy.

Cross-sectional survey of nurses working in Italian hospitals.

Most of the sample showed good knowledge and behaviors about the new virus and good attitudes. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that predictive variables of knowledge, attitude, and behavior were educational background, work experience years and age of nurses.

This study is the first one in a time of a full health emergency. It would be appropriate to develop further studies to better analyze the skills implemented to tackle Novel Coronavirus 2019 disease. Novel Coronavirus 2019 pandemic has put on health personnel a considerable workload. Despite this, the Italian nursing staff has been showing excellent knowledge, attitude, and good behavior in the management of this pandemic. (www.actabiomedica.it).
This study is the first one in a time of a full health emergency. It would be appropriate to develop further studies to better analyze the skills implemented to tackle Novel Coronavirus 2019 disease. Novel Coronavirus 2019 pandemic has put on health personnel a considerable workload. Despite this, the Italian nursing staff has been showing excellent knowledge, attitude, and good behavior in the management of this pandemic. (www.actabiomedica.it).In patients with symptomatic intrahepatic biliary lithiasis, the treatment is usually discussed by a multidisciplinary team. Although hepatectomy is considered as definitive treatment, when lobar atrophy is absent, endoscopic procedures are frequently proposed as first-line treatment due the low invasiveness and for sparing liver parenchyma. Percutaneous route is used in case of peroral approach failure. We present a case of recurrent symptomatic intrahepatic biliary lithiasis of the right posterior hepatic duct, sustained by downstream biliary stenosis. FPH1 research buy Peroral cholangioscopy failed to visualize the stone for the accompanying stenosis. Thus, the patient was successfully treated with percutaneous transhepatic lithotripsy performed with Spyglass direct visualization system II (Boston Scientific Inc., Natick, Massachusetts, USA). During the procedure, the biopsy of the biliary stenosis revealed fibrosis, which was treated by cholangioplasty with cutting balloon. After 15 months, the patient is asymptomatic, with moderate residual stenosis in absence of calculi at follow-up magnetic resonance cholangiography.
The destructive impact of the still ongoing COVID-19 pandemic on those struggling with substance use disorders (SUD) stems from the daunting challenges which SUD patients experience in terms of coping with their condition and receiving care in a timely fashion.

Patients struggling with addiction are at particularly high risk, due to the underlying vulnerabilities in their conditions and the stigmatization they often suffer. New Psychoactive Substances stand out as a critical area of concern. The authors have conducted a broad-ranging search to assess the impact of SUDs, along with their related mental, physical, and behavioral symptoms, against the backdrop of the COVID-19, taking into account how drug trafficking and consumption trends have evolved as the emergency draws out, and the cyberspace comes to play an ever-bigger role.

Given that roughly 1.5%-5% of the global burden of disease can be ascribed to alcohol abuse and substance addiction, the role of pandemic-related potential contributing factors in the exacerbation and relapse of SUDs and behavioral addiction cannot be discounted and needs targeted measures tailored to the special needs of SUD patients. Escalating environmental stressors stemming from abnormal circumstances can undermine recovery efforts and threaten the very survival of countless SUD patients, increasing the likelihood of relapsing for those in recovery.

Policymakers and legislators have not yet put in place targeted measures and adjustments in the health care delivery mechanisms in order to countervail the pandemic impact on SUD sufferers, and the ever-evolving patterns of use and trafficking.
Policymakers and legislators have not yet put in place targeted measures and adjustments in the health care delivery mechanisms in order to countervail the pandemic impact on SUD sufferers, and the ever-evolving patterns of use and trafficking.Water immersion during labour and birth has become increasingly popular and widespread in many countries, in particular in midwifery-led care settings. Nevertheless, there is a dearth of quality data about waterbirth, with currently available findings mostly arising from observational studies and case series. The lack of high-quality evidence and the controversial results reported by different studies determined a "behavioral gap" without clearly objective, consistent indications allowing for a sound and evidence-based decision making process. Although water immersion in the first stage of labour is generally considered a safe and cost-effective method of pain management for women in labor, concerns still linger as to the safety of immersion during the second stage of labor and delivery, particularly in terms of neonatal risks and medico-legal implications.
In order to cope with the requirements of COVID-19 pandemic and prevent overwhelming of the healthcare systems, during 2020 social distancing measures were proposed, and generalized lockdown. Aim of our study is to ascertain whether non-pharmaceutical intervention did have any impact on the epidemiology of Legionnaires' disease (LD), a respiratory infectious disease without interhuman spreading.

Official national reports from 4 index countries in European Union (i.e. Germany, France, Italy, and Spain) were retrieved. The study included all cases notified during 2020 COVID-19 outbreak, versus the cases referred during the same period in 2019. Subgroup analyses for hospital-associated and travel-associated LD cases, as well as for lethality estimates were performed.

A sustained drop for incidence rate was confirmed, at EU-level (3.5 per 100,000 vs. 5.3 per 100,000) as well as in the national estimates. The decrease was particularly evident in Italy (RR 0.880, 95%CI 0.839 to 0.905), despite a transient surth environments at potentially high-risk for human infections (e.g. hospitals, accommodation sites, etc.).Nutrition is one of the most important factors affecting pubertal development. Increasing demands for energy proteins and micronutrients are necessary to cope with the rapid linear pubertal growth and development, change in body composition, and increased physical activity. Adequate nutrition is a key permissive factor for the normal timing and tempo of pubertal development. Severe primary or secondary malnutrition also can adversely delay the onset and progression of puberty. The higher incidence of anorexia nervosa and bulimia in adolescents imposes a nutritional risk on pubertal development. Here we provide an overview of nutritional requirements (macronutrients and micronutrients) necessary to cope with these changes. In addition, we discuss possible nutritional interventions trials and their effects on several aspects of growth and development in undernourished and stunted adolescents, in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), who require nutritional rehabilitation. This mini-review sums up some important findings in this important complex that links between nutrition, nutritional interventions, and pubertal development.Glucose dysregulation (GD) in patients with β-thalassemia major (β-TM) usually develops gradually. Prediabetes consists of two abnormalities, impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), the latter detected by a standardized oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Diagnosis of prediabetes is essential for an early identification of high-risk individuals who will benefit from intensive iron chelation therapy and lifestyle modification. Therefore, patients with β-TM should undergo annual screening for glucose abnormalities, according to international recommendations, starting from the age of 10 years. OGTT remains the preferred screening method as it is more sensitive for GD than fasting plasma glucose (FPG), although it is poorly reproducible. The use of HbA1c measurement has limited use as it is generally considered unreliable in patients with thalassemia. Continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) is an accurate method to detect the variability of glucose fluctuations and offers the opportunity for better assessment of glucose homeostasis in a selected group of β-TM patients. Pancreatic Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) associated with insulin secretion-sensitivity index-2 (ISSI-2) could be a complementary test, minimizing the necessity for OGTT and identifying high-risk patients before irreversible pancreatic damage occurs. The aims of this short report are to give practical guidance for an early identification of GD in β-TM patients, to summarise our experience, and to offer an impetus for further research in the field.Menstrual health affects a large number of women throughout reproductive life since adolescence. Knowledge of the duration and variation of the menstrual cycle is necessary for patient education and to identify deviations from normal to guide clinical evaluation. The average duration of menstrual flow is between 4 to 6 days, with anormal range from 2 up to 8 days ; the mean blood loss per menstrual cycle is 25- 30 mL. In general, descriptive data falling outside the normal range are considered to be indicative of menstrual disorders. Although the American Academy of Pediatrics and American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists advocate for clinicians to consider the menstrual cycle as a vital sign in adolescents, the identification of subjects with hypomenorrhea is neither well defined nor routinely practiced. In this paper we have summarized the published prevalence of hypomenorrhea (lighter and/or shorter menstrual bleeding) in adolescents and youths in different countries and report the personal experience in four adolescents.
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