Notes

First-Principles Research involving Au-Doped Resort Monolayer because Adsorbent and also Gasoline Sensing Materials for SF6 Decomposed Types.
Administration of AM34c by the third ventricle injection or intranasal delivery markedly increased the brain levels of SYT1 and ameliorated the cognitive function in SAMP8 mice. The serum miR-34c was significantly increased in patients with aMCI and might be a predictive biomarker for diagnosis of aMCI. These results indicated that increased miR-34c mediated synaptic and memory deficits by targeting SYT1 through ROS-JNK-p53 pathway and the miR-34c/SYT1 pathway could be considered as a promising novel therapeutic target for patients with AD. © 2020 The Authors. Aging Cell published by the Anatomical Society and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.BACKGROUND Jumping from a height is an uncommon but lethal means of suicide. Restricting access to means is an important universal or population-based approach to suicide prevention with clear evidence of its effectiveness. However, the evidence with respect to means restriction for the prevention of suicide by jumping is not well established. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to restrict the availability of, or access to, means of suicide by jumping. These include the use of physical barriers, fencing or safety nets at frequently-used jumping sites, or restriction of access to these sites, such as by way of road closures. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Library, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science to May 2019. We conducted additional searches of the international trial registries including the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) and ClinicalTrials.gov, to identify relevant unpublished and ongoing studies. We searched the uency of suicides by jumping. However, due to methodological limitations of included studies, this finding is based on low-quality evidence. Therefore, further well-designed high-quality studies are required to further evaluate the effectiveness of these interventions, as well as other measures at jumping sites. In addition, further research is required to investigate the potential for suicide method substitution and displacement effects in populations exposed to interventions to prevent suicide by jumping. Copyright © 2020 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.OBJECTIVES To describe multidetector CT and ultrasonographic characteristics of abdominal arterial pseudoaneurysms (segmental dilatations of an artery with a ruptured tunica intima) arising secondary to systemic mycosis in dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective study on dogs with confirmed histological diagnosis of a fungal pseudoaneurysm and the availability of multidetector CT or ultrasound images. selleckchem RESULTS At the time of admission, the three dogs included in this study demonstrated segmental arterial dilation, irregular arterial wall thickening, and increased echogenicity or attenuation within the local perivascular fat on ultrasound and multidetector CT images. Follow-up examinations revealed progressive increase in arterial wall thickening and saccular dilation with formation of a pseudoaneurysm in affected vessels of two dogs. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Multidetector CT and ultrasonography can be useful imaging modalities in the diagnosis and monitoring of abdominal arterial pseudoaneurysms caused by systemic mycosis. © 2020 British Small Animal Veterinary Association.Assessing the factors that contribute to successful locomotor performance can provide critical insight into how animals survive in challenging habitats. Locomotion is powered by muscles, so that differences in the relative proportions of red (slow-oxidative) vs. white (fast-glycolytic) fibers can have significant implications for locomotor performance. We compared the relative proportions of axial red muscle fibers between groups of juveniles of the amphidromous gobiid fish, Sicyopterus stimpsoni, from the Hawaiian Islands. Juveniles of this species migrate from the ocean into freshwater streams, navigating through a gauntlet of predators that require rapid escape responses, before reaching waterfalls which must be climbed (using a slow, inching behavior) to reach adult breeding habitats. We found that fish from Kaua'i have a smaller proportion of red fibers in their tail muscles than fish from Hawai'i, matching expectations based on the longer pre-waterfall stream reaches of Kaua'i that could increase exposure to predators, making reduction of red muscle and increases in white muscle advantageous. However, no difference in red muscle proportions was identified between fish that were either successful or unsuccessful in scaling model waterfalls during laboratory climbing trials, suggesting that proportions of red muscle are near a localized fitness peak among Hawaiian individuals. © 2020 Anatomical Society.Obtaining chemical building blocks from biomass is attractive for meeting sustainability targets. Herein, an effective approach was developed to convert the lignin part of woody biomass into phenol, which is a valuable base chemical. Monomeric alkylmethoxyphenols were obtained from pinewood, rich in guaiacol-type lignin, through Pt/C-catalyzed reductive depolymerization. In a second step, an optimized MoP/SiO2 catalyst was used to selectively remove methoxy groups in these lignin monomers to generate 4-alkylphenols, which were then dealkylated by zeolite-catalyzed transalkylation to a benzene stream. The overall yield of phenol based on the initial lignin content in pinewood was 9.6 mol %. © 2020 The Authors. Published by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.As a clinician, you will often combine patients' narratives with test results in order to obtain a coherent picture and then decide on a way forward. As an educator, you are also likely to combine different information from your learners to arrive at the best feedback, judgement or supervision plan. This is what researchers do when undertaking mixed-methods research qualitative and quantitative data are typically brought together to provide different insights than could be achieved with a single type of data and analysis. Mixed-methods research has much to offer the clinical teacher but may involve more complex study designs than other types of research. Therefore, this article aims to highlight the different designs of mixed-methods research, and the opportunities and challenges that it provides, in order to support researchers who may be undertaking their first mixed-methods research study. © 2020 The Authors. The Clinical Teacher published by Association for the Study of Medical Education and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.AIM A simple approach to detecting dementia in its early stages may help improve patient care. We therefore aimed to assess the power of the Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ) for screening dementia among rural-dwelling older adults who are at high-risk for cognitive impairment. METHODS This study included 961 participants at a high-risk for dementia who had been identified from a population-based survey of Chinese rural residents. All participants were aged 65 years and older and positive for cognitive impairment according to the Mini-Mental State Examination or the Ascertain Dementia 8-item Informant Questionnaire screening tests. The FAQ scale was used to evaluate daily activities. Dementia was diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, criteria. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were used to determine the FAQ's optimal cut-offs for dementia. The power (or accuracy) of the FAQ for screening dementia was analyzed in the total sample aychogeriatric Society.PURPOSE Spontaneous reporting systems (SRSs) are used to discover previously unknown relationships between drugs and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). A plethora of statistical methods have been proposed over the years to identify these drug-ADR pairs. The objective of this study is to compare a wide variety of methods in their ability to detect these signals, especially when their detection is complicated by the presence of innocent bystanders (drugs that are mistaken to be associated with the ADR, since they are prescribed together with the drug that is the ADR's actual cause). METHODS Twelve methods, 24 measures in total, ranging from simple disproportionality measures (eg, the reporting odds ratio), hypothesis tests (eg, test of the Poisson mean), Bayesian shrinkage estimates (eg, the Bayesian confidence propagation neural network, BCPNN) to sparse regression (LASSO), are compared in their ability to detect drug-ADR pairs in a large number of simulated SRSs with varying numbers of innocent bystanders and effect sizes. The area under the precision-recall curve is used to assess the measures' performance. RESULTS Hypothesis tests (especially the test of the Poisson mean) perform best when the associations are weak and there is little to no confounding by other drugs. When the level of confounding increases and/or the effect sizes become larger, Bayesian shrinkage methods should be preferred. The LASSO proves to be the most robust against the innocent bystander effect. CONCLUSIONS There is no absolute "winner". Which method to use for a particular SRS depends on the effect sizes and the level of confounding present in the data. © 2020 The Authors. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.When a bullet punctures a surface, it leaves behind a bullet impact, which can be analyzed in order to determine the origin and trajectory path from which a bullet was discharged using many different scientific methods to reconstruct a shooting scene. The purpose of the research was to test the accuracy and repeatability of reconstructing the impact angle of single bullet impacts using the ellipse method. The research was conducted by firing various calibers of ammunition into drywall panels positioned at varying angles of incidence from 88° until ricochet occurred. This was done in order to determine which caliber type and angle of incidence are most accurate and precise for reconstructing a shooting scene. The study examined four caliber types fired into drywall panels, with 5 repeated shots for each of the 11 angles of incidence (n = 220). Furthermore, 31 participants partook in the study to estimate a bullet impact angle of incidence utilizing the ellipse method. The results show that the best performance (accuracy and repeatability) is seen with the measurements of the 0.45 caliber ammunition. When angle of incidences is low ( less then 64°), the performance (accuracy and repeatability) was seen to be better in all caliber ammunitions. Overall, the data provided for single bullet impacts deposited in drywall show that the ellipse method is useful in providing measurements for most crime scene reconstruction purposes and has also demonstrated that results vary depending on the type of ammunition, firearm, and angle of incidence being examined. © 2020 American Academy of Forensic Sciences.Immunoglobulin class switch recombination (CSR) occurs in activated B cells with increased mitochondrial mass and membrane potential. Transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is critical for CSR and for formation of the DNA loops involved in this process. We therefore sought to determine if YY1 knockout impacts mitochondrial gene expression and mitochondrial function in murine splenic B cells, providing a potential mechanism for regulating CSR. We identified numerous genes in splenic B cells differentially regulated when cells are induced to undergo CSR. YY1 conditional knockout caused differential expression of 1129 genes, with 59 being mitochondrial-related genes. ChIP-seq analyses showed YY1 was directly bound to nearly half of these mitochondrial-related genes. Surprisingly, at the time when YY1 knockout dramatically reduces DNA loop formation and CSR, mitochondrial mass and membrane potential were not significantly impacted, nor was there a significant change in mitochondrial oxygen consumption, extracellular acidification rate, or mitochondrial complex I or IV activities.
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