Notes

Conjecture involving living satisfaction via resting-state useful connectome.
ation numberCRD42019146439.
Patients' expectations-as a central mechanism of placebo and nocebo effects-are an important predictor of health outcomes. However, the lack of a way to assess expectations across different settings restricts progress in understanding the role of expectations and to quantify their importance in medical and psychological treatments. The aim of this study was to develop a theory-based, generic, multidimensional measure assessing patient expectations of medical and psychological treatments.

The Treatment Expectation Questionnaire (TEX-Q) was developed based on the integrative model of expectations and a systematic literature review of treatment expectation scales. After creating a comprehensive item pool, the scale was further refined by use of expert ratings and patient interviews.

Patients were recruited in primary care at two hospitals in Hamburg, Germany.

13 scientific experts participated in the expert survey. 11 patients waiting for psychological or surgical treatments participated in the qualitatialidation.
The TEX-Q is a generic, multidimensional measure to assess patient expectations of medical and psychological treatments and allows comparison of the impact of multidimensional expectations across different conditions. The final TEX-Q will be available after psychometric validation.
The aim of the study was to analyse and understand meanings and senses of living with tuberculosis for health professionals.

This is an interpretative phenomenological study conducted from in-depth interviews to analyse how health professionals understand their personal experience of tuberculosis.

Two reference health institutions for tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment located in a municipality of the Eastern Brazilian Amazon.

Intentional sample of 15 health professionals with the disease or with a recent history of tuberculosis.

Regarding the personal experience of tuberculosis of the participating health professionals, four superordinate themes were identified (1) experiencing tuberculosis, (2) experiencing the diagnosis of tuberculosis, (3) facing the treatment of tuberculosis and (4) signifying tuberculosis.

This study verified that health professionals live the experience of tuberculosis similar to other people with fear, anguish, frustration, prejudice and health needs not always met by the services and programmes for the control of the disease. The lived experience has an important impact on the health professionals' ways of understanding the kind of empathic and sensitive care that should be provided to people with tuberculosis. In addition, it is concluded that specific governmental strategies are needed for tuberculosis prevention, diagnosis and treatment among health professionals.
This study verified that health professionals live the experience of tuberculosis similar to other people with fear, anguish, frustration, prejudice and health needs not always met by the services and programmes for the control of the disease. The lived experience has an important impact on the health professionals' ways of understanding the kind of empathic and sensitive care that should be provided to people with tuberculosis. In addition, it is concluded that specific governmental strategies are needed for tuberculosis prevention, diagnosis and treatment among health professionals.
Air and noise pollution are emerging environmental health hazards in African cities, with potentially complex spatial and temporal patterns. Limited local data are a barrier to the formulation and evaluation of policies to reduce air and noise pollution.

We designed a year-long measurement campaign to characterise air and noise pollution and their sources at high-resolution within the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (GAMA), Ghana. Our design uses a combination of fixed (year-long, n=10) and rotating (week-long, n =~130) sites, selected to represent a range of land uses and source influences (eg, background, road traffic, commercial, industrial and residential areas, and various neighbourhood socioeconomic classes). We will collect data on fine particulate matter (PM
), nitrogen oxides (NO
), weather variables, sound (noise level and audio) along with street-level time-lapse images. We deploy low-cost, low-power, lightweight monitoring devices that are robust, socially unobtrusive, and able to function ieview at Imperial College London and the University of Massachusetts Amherst; it was approved by the University of Ghana Ethics Committee (ECH 149/18-19). This protocol is designed to be implementable in SSA cities to map environmental pollution to inform urban planning decisions to reduce health harming exposures to air and noise pollution. It will be disseminated through local stakeholder engagement (public and private sectors), peer-reviewed publications, contribution to policy documents, media, and conference presentations.
Community health workers (CHWs) are undertaking more complex tasks as part of the move towards universal health coverage in South Africa. CHW programmes can improve access to care for vulnerable communities, but many such programmes struggle with insufficient supervision. In this paper, we assess coverage (proportion of households visited by a CHW in the past year and month), quality of care and costs of the service provided by CHW teams with differing configurations of supervisors, some based in formal clinics and some in community health posts.

CHW, their supervisors, clinic staff, CHW clients.

We used mixed methods (a random household survey, focus group discussions, interviews and observations of the CHW at work) to examine the performance of six CHW teams in vulnerable communities in Sedibeng, South Africa.

A CHW had visited 17% of households in the last year, and we estimated they were conducting one to two visits per day. SD-208 in vivo At household registration visits, the CHW asked half of the questions reqvestment in numbers of CHW, supervisors, training and equipment is required for the potential benefits of the programme to be delivered.
Idiopathic acute pancreatitis (IAP) remains a dilemma for physicians as it is uncertain whether patients with IAP may actually have an occult aetiology. It is unclear to what extent additional diagnostic modalities such as endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) are warranted after a first episode of IAP in order to uncover this aetiology. Failure to timely determine treatable aetiologies delays appropriate treatment and might subsequently cause recurrence of acute pancreatitis. Therefore, the aim of the Pancreatitis of Idiopathic origin Clinical added value of endoscopic UltraSonography (PICUS) Study is to determine the value of routine EUS in determining the aetiology of pancreatitis in patients with a first episode of IAP.

PICUS is designed as a multicentre prospective cohort study of 106 patients with a first episode of IAP after complete standard diagnostic work-up, in whom a diagnostic EUS will be performed. Standard diagnostic work-up will include a complete personal and family history, laboratory tests including serum alanine aminotransferase, calcium and triglyceride levels and imaging by transabdominal ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging or magnetic resonance cholangiopancreaticography after clinical recovery from the acute pancreatitis episode.
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