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Morphological variability in the plantaris tendons from the man fetus.
We investigated the formation behavior of supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) on polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) prepared using the layer-by-layer method. The SLBs were formed using the liposome fusion method, which was driven by electrostatic interactions. We used three types of cationic polyelectrolytes to prepare PEMs poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride), which consists of a linear short polymer chain with quaternary ammonium cations, polyvinylamidin, which presents a linear, long polymer chain and polyethyleneimine which features a branched polymer chain. Poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) was used as an anionic polyelectrolyte. First, we evaluated the effect of the molecular structure of the polyelectrolytes on the formation of SLBs. The formation of SLBs was evaluated using water permeability data, the lateral diffusivity of lipid molecules on the PEMs was determined using a fluorescence recovery after photo-bleaching assay and the amount of lipid molecules adsorbed on the PEMs. We revealed that both the molecular structure and charge density of the polyelectrolytes affected the formation of SLBs. Furthermore, we could form SLBs on high permeable PEMs by combining different cationic polyelectrolytes. These SLBs would be applicable for a platform to immobilize lipophilic biomolecules. The interface between two immiscible liquids represent an ideal substrate for the assembly of nanomaterials. The defect free surface provides a reproducible support for creating densely packed ordered materials. Here a droplet flow reactor is presented for the synthesis and/or assembly of nanomaterials at the interface of the emulsion. Each droplet acts as a microreactor for a reaction between decamethylferrocene (DmFc) within the hexane and metal salts (Ag+/Pd2+) in the aqueous phase. The hypothesis was that a spontaneous, interfacial reaction would lead to the assembly of nanomaterials creating a Pickering emulsion. The subsequent removal of the solvents showed how the Ag nanoparticles remain trapped at the interface and retain the shape of the droplet, however the Pd nanoparticles were dispersed with no tertiary structure. To further exploit this, a one-step process where the particles are synthesised and then assembled into core-shell materials was proposed. The same reactions were performed in the presence of oleic acid stabilised iron oxide nanoparticles dispersed within the hexane. It was shown that by changing the reaction rate and ratio between metal and iron oxide a continuous coating of metal nanoparticles can be formed on top of an iron oxide microsphere, or form a uniform composite. These insights offer a new method and chemistry within flow reactors for the creation of palladium and silver nanoparticles. We use the technique to create metal coated iron oxide nanomaterials but the methodology could be easily transferred to the assembly of other materials. Green microalgae are promising and sustainable bioenergy and biomass feedstocks, that specifically utilize blue and red light for photosynthesis. Using carbon dots (CDs) to optimize photoluminescence is an attractive strategy for enhancing microalgal bioresource production; however, CD synthesis traditionally requires harsh conditions and laborious procedures. this website Little research has focused on developing CDs with tunable emission that precisely satisfy photosynthetic requirements. In this work, we directionally prepared non-toxic CDs using a simple method, which could adsorb light at spectra 500-600 nm and emit red light at 580-700 nm. CDs significantly promoted microalgae (Chlorella) growth by ~15%. Meanwhile, potential intracellular bioresources, pigments, carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids were generally enhanced. CDs, combined with an extracellular polymeric substance of microalgal cells, served as numerous micro-bulbs for Chlorella irradiation to sustainably provide optimized light. In this context, photosystems I and II were both stimulated. As such, we prepared CDs with tunable emission, which could significantly enhance microalgae and bioresource production. The development of functionalized hyper-cross-linked resins (HCLRs) with high Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area (SBET) is of great importance. Herein, a kind of anisole-modified HCLRs was fabricated by two successive Friedel-Crafts reactions and it was used for the adsorption of aniline from aqueous solution. The resultant HCLRs owned high SBET and plentiful oxygen (O), with the values of 650 m2/g and 7.6 wt% respectively. The adsorption experiments indicated that the adsorption of aniline on the prepared HCLRs was efficient with the maximum capacity of 200.6 mg/g at 308 K, and both of the SBET and the introduced O were beneficial for the adsorption. Additionally, the as-prepared HCLRs had a good reusability without obvious capacity loss after five adsorption-desorption cycles. Microplastics, as an emerging class of pollutants has become a global concern, and is receiving increasing attention. Interestingly, microplastics are always in their ageing process when they enter the real environment. Our study investigated the ageing properties of polystyrene (PS) plastics in air, pure water and seawater environments at 75 °C. A two-dimensional (2D) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) correlation spectroscopy (COS) analysis was used to better understand the ageing mechanism of the PS plastics. Based on the 2D-COS analysis, different ageing mechanisms were identified under different ageing conditions, such as an ageing sequence of aged-PS particle functional groups in air 1601(CC) > 1050(C-O)>1453(C-H)>1493(C-H)>1375(C-OH)>1666(CO). Among the functional group changes, O-functional groups (C-O, C-OH and CO) were introduced during the ageing process. Moreover, for pristine PS particles, hydrophobicity was a major factor for the interaction between the microplastics and organic pollutants. For aehavior of co-existing pollutants. A novel technique for phosphorus recovery from the liquid phase of anaerobic digestate was developed using biochar derived from iron-rich sludge (dewatered sludge conditioned with Fenton's reagent). The biochar pyrolyzed from iron-rich sludge at a low temperature of 300 °C (referred to as Fe-300 biochar) showed a better phosphorus (P) adsorption capacity (most of orthophosphate and pyrophosphate) than biochars pyrolyzed at other higher temperatures of 500-900 °C, with the maximum P adsorption capacity of up to 1.843 mg g-1 for the liquid phase of anaerobic digestate. Adsorption isotherms study indicated that 70% P was precipitated through chemical reaction with Fe elements, i.e., Fe(II) and Fe(III) existed on the surface of the Fe-300 biochar, and other 30% was through surface physical adsorption as simulated by a dual Langmuir-Langmuir model using the potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate (KH2PO4) as a model solution. The seed germination rate was increased up to 92% with the addition of Fe-300 biochar after adsorbing most of P, compared with 66% without the addition of biochar. Moreover, P adsorbed by the chemical reaction in form of iron hydrogen phosphate can be solubilized by a phosphate-solubilizing microorganism of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with the total solubilized P amount of 3.045 mg g-1 at the end of an incubation of 20 days. This study indicated that the iron-rich sludge-derived biochar could be used as a novel and beneficial functional material for P recovery from the liquid phase of anaerobic digestate. The recovered P with biochar can be re-utilized in garden soil as an efficient P-fertilizer, thus increasing the added values of both the liquid phase of anaerobic digestate and the iron-rich sludge. INTRODUCTION Social isolation in older adults is associated with high rates of adverse health outcomes. Older adults who have had a recent significant health event are likely to be at risk of social isolation following hospitalization. This study aims to identify risk factors amongst older adults at hospital discharge that are associated with social isolation at three months post-hospitalization. METHODS Older adults were surveyed at hospital discharge and three months post-hospitalization. Baseline data including demographics, self-reported quality of life, physical activity and capacity levels, lifestyle factors, symptoms of depression and anxiety were collected at discharge. Social isolation was measured using the Friendship Scale at the three-month follow-up. Regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between baseline characteristics and social isolation at three months post-hospitalization. RESULTS Older adults (n = 311) participated in the baseline survey, of whom 241 (78 %) completed the three-month survey. Higher depressive and anxiety symptoms at hospital discharge, comorbidity of cancer, history of cigarette smoking, prior access to community and respite service, and arrangement for shopping assistance post-discharge were factors independently associated with an increased risk of social isolation at three months post-hospitalization. link2 DISCUSSION This study identified risk factors for social isolation that are unique to older post-hospitalized adults. These findings can help clinicians identify individuals at risk of social isolation and to target interventions that address these risk factors for the prevention of social isolation in older adults after hospitalization. OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to examine the effects of dance intervention on frailty in pre-frail and frail older persons. DESIGN This is a quasi-experimental, two-group trial. SETTING Older adults living nursing home. PARTICIPANTS Participants aged ≥ 60 years with low physical activity (mean age was 81.8 years; 71 % were female) (N = 66). METHODS Participants allocated to the dance group attended 40 min dance sessions in a nursing home, three times a week for 12-weeks. Participants allocated to the control group maintained their normal daily activities. Assessments were conducted at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks by researchers blinded to the allocation. link3 Frailty was measured based on Fried criteria. Estimates of frailty between groups over time were calculated using the generalized estimating equations (GEE) and mixed effects models. RESULTS The prevalence of frailty decreased over time in the dance group compared to the control group (P = 0.002). The mean frailty scores decreased 0.69 at 6 weeks and 1.06 at 12 weeks. Compared to the control group, the prevalence of slowness (p = 0.002), weakness (p = 0.005), and low physical activity (p less then 0.001) significantly decreased in the dance group. CONCLUSIONS Dance intervention may reduce the presence and severity of frailty in older adults. Slowness and low physical activity improve following 12 weeks of dance intervention. This research synthesis explored whether major personality dimensions relate to body dissatisfaction. A comprehensive literature search identified 26 studies (37 independent samples) that met inclusion criteria (364 effect sizes; n = 39,109). Data were analyzed using inverse-variance weighted random effects meta-analysis. Mean effect sizes from 30 individual meta-analyses provided evidence that neuroticism (r = .30), extraversion (r = -.17) and conscientiousness (r = -.16), and to a lesser extent openness (r = -.10) and agreeableness (r = -.08), relate to body dissatisfaction. Effect sizes were smaller in models that controlled for body mass index, with non-significant effects for openness and agreeableness. There was some evidence of publication bias and substantial heterogeneity in computed averages. Random effects meta-regression showed that the association between neuroticism and body dissatisfaction decreased as the sample age increased. Measurement was the most important moderator across personality dimensions, with measures of appearance evaluation and body appreciation often showing smaller associations than other measures of body dissatisfaction.
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