Notes

Neutrophil-specific gain-of-function variations in Nlrp3 advertise development of cryopyrin-associated intermittent symptoms.
We will review peer-reviewed articles, preprints and grey literature available in all languages.

We intend that this scoping review will contribute to a better understanding of the use of systems methods to inform policymakers about how to prevent and control EIDs.

Research ethics approval is not required for a scoping review because it is based on reviewing and collecting data from publicly available sources. To disseminate the findings, results will be shared through academic publications, seminars and conferences.
Research ethics approval is not required for a scoping review because it is based on reviewing and collecting data from publicly available sources. To disseminate the findings, results will be shared through academic publications, seminars and conferences.
As many as 74% of veterans with alcohol use disorders (AUDS) report symptoms of insomnia. Insomnia represents a barrier to alcohol treatment because insomnia symptoms (1) may lead to relapse among those who use alcohol to help them sleep and may negatively impact (2) executive functions and (3) emotion regulation skills. Cognitive-behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is an efficacious first-line treatment for insomnia; however, no research has examined the impact of CBT-I on individuals' response to alcohol treatment. In the Sleep and Alcohol for Veterans (Project SAVE) randomised controlled trial, we hypothesise that CBT-I will enhance the efficacy of alcohol treatment among Veterans with insomnia by enhancing their abilities to attend to treatment, regulate emotions and initiate sleep without alcohol.

Eighty Veterans enrolled in alcohol treatment at the Veterans Administration (VA) hospital will be randomly assigned to receive either CBT-I or single-session sleep hygiene (SH) education. Individuals
clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT03806491 (pre-results).
clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT03806491 (pre-results).
Currently National Institute for Health and Care Excellence clinical guidelines in the UK suggest that surgeons performing partial hip replacements (hemiarthroplasty) should consider using the lateral approach. Alternatively, a newer, modified posterior approach using a muscle sparing technique named 'Save Piriformis and Internus, Repairing Externus' (SPAIRE) can be used leaving the major muscles intact. This randomised controlled trial (RCT) aims to compare the SPAIRE approach to the standard lateral approach, to determine if it allows patients to mobilise better and experience improved function after surgery.

HemiSPAIRE is a two-arm, assessor-blinded, definitive pragmatic RCT with nested pilot and qualitative studies. Two hundred and twenty-eight participants with displaced intracapsular fractures requiring hip hemiarthroplasty will be individually randomised 11 to either the SPAIRE, or control (standard lateral approach) surgical procedure. Outcomes will be assessed at postoperative day 3 (POD3) and 120 (POD120). The primary outcome measure will be level of function and mobility using the Oxford Hip Score at POD120. Secondary outcomes include De Morton Mobility Index (DEMMI), Cumulated Ambulatory Score and Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) at POD3; DEMMI, NPRS and EQ-5D-5L at POD120, complications, acute and total length of hospital stay, and mortality. Primary analysis will be on an intention-to-treat basis. Participant experiences of the impact of surgery and recovery period will be examined via up to 20 semi-structured telephone interviews.

The protocol has been approved by Yorkshire and the Humber-Bradford Leeds Research Ethics Committee. Recruitment commenced in November 2019. Findings will be disseminated via research articles in peer-reviewed journals, presentations at conferences, public involvement events, patient groups and media releases. A summary of the trial findings will be shared with participants at the end of the study.

NCT04095611.
NCT04095611.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality is significantly higher in those with severe mental illness (SMI) compared with the general population, despite similar incidence rates, suggesting that barriers to optimal screening and cancer care may contribute to disparities in CRC mortality in those with SMI. This study aims to compare participation in Australia's National Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (NBCSP) in those with SMI and those in the general population. We will also investigate treatment pathways after diagnosis to determine whether treatment variations could explain differences in CRC mortality.

We will undertake a retrospective cohort study of Australians using linked administrative data to assess differences in screening and cancer care between those with and without SMI, aged 50-74 years on or after 1 January 2006. People with SMI will be defined using antipsychotic medication prescription data. The comparison group will be people enrolled in Medicare (Australia's universal healthcare system) who have not been prescribed antipsychotic medication. Data on outcomes (NBCSP participation, follow-up colonoscopy, CRC incidence and CRC-cause and all-cause mortality) and confounders will be obtained from national-based and state-based administrative health datasets. All people in New South Wales, aged 50-74 with a new diagnosis of CRC on or after 1 January 2006, will be ascertained to examine stage at diagnosis and cancer treatment in those with and without SMI. Poisson regression will be used to calculate incidence rates and rate ratios for each outcome.

Ethics approval has been obtained from the University of Queensland Human Research Ethics Committee, the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare Ethics Committee and data custodians from every Australian State/Territory. Findings will be disseminated via publications in peer-reviewed journals and presented at appropriate conferences.

ACTRN12620000781943.
ACTRN12620000781943.
The depth and breadth of clinical data within electronic health record (EHR) systems paired with innovative machine learning methods can be leveraged to identify novel risk factors for complex diseases. However, analysing the EHR is challenging due to complexity and quality of the data. Therefore, we developed large electronic population-based cohorts with comprehensive harmonised and processed EHR data.

All individuals 30 years of age or older who resided in Olmsted County, Minnesota on 1 January 2006 were identified for the discovery cohort. Algorithms to define a variety of patient characteristics were developed and validated, thus building a comprehensive risk profile for each patient. Patients are followed for incident diseases and ageing-related outcomes. Using the same methods, an independent validation cohort was assembled by identifying all individuals 30 years of age or older who resided in the largely rural 26-county area of southern Minnesota and western Wisconsin on 1 January 2013.

For the -specific risk factors for complex diseases. These approaches will allow us to address several challenges with the use of EHR.
This study aimed to explore the diagnostic significance of
F-fluorodeoxyglucose (
F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT for predicting the presence of epidermal growth factor receptor (
) mutations in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane library databases were searched from the earliest available date to December 2020.

The review included primary studies that compared the mean maximum of standard uptake value (SUV
) between wild-type and mutant
, and evaluated the diagnostic value of
F-FDG PET/CT using SUV
for prediction of
status in patients with NSCLC.

The main analysis was to assess the sensitivity and specificity, the positive diagnostic likelihood ratio (DLR+) and DLR-, as well as the diagnostic OR (DOR) of SUV
in prediction of
mutations. 5Azacytidine Each data point of the summary receiver operator characteristic (SROC) graph was derived from a separate study. A random effects model was used for st when predicting EGFR mutations in patients with NSCLC.
Seclusion use is high in forensic mental health settings and is associated with avoidable physical and psychological harm. The use of seclusion causes significant distress and trauma for those secluded and women in these settings are particularly vulnerable. This study protocol aims to identify factors associated with the use of seclusion and the experience of seclusion for women in forensic mental health settings.

This study will use a prospective mixed-methods design. Quantitative data on the frequency and duration of seclusion and potential explanatory demographic and clinical variables will be collected prospectively from consecutive medical records of women admitted to a forensic mental health service over a 2-year period. Data will be analysed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression techniques. Qualitative data will be collected from individual face-to-face semistructured interviews with women who have experienced seclusion about the reason for seclusion, whether they agreed with the reand written informed consent is required. Results will be disseminated via the first author's doctoral thesis, in peer-reviewed journals and at conferences. Results will inform recommendations for policy, and evidence for timely and specific interventions to support the reduction of seclusion for women in forensic mental health settings.
Given that the mechanism for financial protection is underdeveloped in Nigeria, out-of-pocket (OOP) payment for treating cardiovascular disease could impose substantial financial burden on individuals and their families. This study estimated the burden of OOP expenditures incurred by a cohort of patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Ibadan, Nigeria.

This study used a descriptive cross-sectional study design. A standardised survey questionnaire originally developed by Initiative for Cardiovascular Health Research in Developing Countries was used to electronically collect data from all the 744 patients with CVD who accessed healthcare between 4 November 2019 and 31 January 2020 in the cardiology departments of private and public hospitals in Ibadan, Nigeria. Baseline characteristics of respondents were presented using percentages and proportions. The OOP payments were reported as means±SDs. Costs/OOP payments were in Nigerian Naira (NGN). The average US dollar to NGN at the time of data collection wts to achieve universal health coverage in Nigeria.
The burden of OOP payment among patients with CVD is enormous. There is a need to increase efforts to achieve universal health coverage in Nigeria.
This study was to determine the incidence of falls and identify baseline factors increased risk for incident falls over time among people with diabetes.

This study was a secondary analysis using the baseline and 4 years of follow-up data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS).

A nationally representative survey of 17 500 Chinese residents aged 45 years and older were recruited in the baseline national survey in 2011. These participants were followed up every 2 years.

A total of 1238 middle-aged and older adults with diabetes and no history of falls at baseline were included in the current study.

Information on incidence of falls and medical treatment resulting from falls were determined by self-report.

The findings showed that the incidence of falls was 29.4% during 4 years of follow-up. Participants with incident falls were younger, were more likely to be women, had lower education level and were less likely to be current drinkers. In addition, former drinkers were 2.22 times more likely to fall.
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