Notes

Implementing genotoxicology equipment to distinguish environmental stressors meant for river management.
INTRODUCTION Health needs of individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) are unmet in developing countries. Quality of life of these individuals is not on par with global standards. The decline in quality of life can be attributed to lack of a specialised rehabilitation centres, lack of expertise in local hospitals and lack of access to dedicated SCI wards/centres in India. The present case report depicts many such challenges in India. CASE PRESENTATION As part of an online focus group, A 21-year-old male was identified who sustained SCI in motor vehicle. His care was inappropriate at the accident site. He was not taught basic skills such as bed mobility, transfers, and wheel-chair mobility and was not educated about long-term complications before discharged to home. Lack of training made him functionally dependent on others for his basic needs. There were few job opportunities for him in his state. He strongly emphasises the need to create an awareness regarding SCI among the general public in India. DISCUSSION This case report depicts many challenges faced by a person with paraplegia in India. These include mishandling at the accident site, lack of adequate care post injury and lack of follow-up post discharge. In addition, lack of knowledge of SCI among the general public and lack of education regarding SCI for the patient and his care givers post injury are reported.BACKGROUND Tooth bleaching causes a significant decrease in the bonding strength between the resin and human enamel. Nevertheless, the effects of different antioxidant types on the immediate bonding strength of resin and bleached enamel were significantly different. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the effects of 2 antioxidants for enhancing the bond strength of the resin to bleached enamel. MATERIAL AND METHODS There were 48 enamel blocks performed from 48 recently extracted maxillary central incisors. There were 8 groups NC (negative control, no bleached specimens restored without antioxidants); NA (no antioxidant, bleached specimens bonded immediately without any antioxidants); SA30, SA60, and SA120 (bleached specimens accepted the management of 10% sodium ascorbate (SA) for 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 120 minutes, respectively, before restored); PC30, PC60, and PC120 (bleached specimens received treatment of 5% proanthocyanidins (PC) for 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 120 minutes, respectively, before restored). We measured the micro-tensile bond strength of specimens and used 2-way ANOVA to analyze the data. RESULTS The mean±standard deviation bond strength measured were NC, 29.99±4.00; NA, 14.90±1.97; SA30, 18.60±2.20; SA60, 22.57±2.71; SA120, 26.15±3.85; PC30, 16.78±2.29; PC60, 19.13±2.24, PC120, 23.90±2.01 MPa. In addition, the fracture types were mainly of an adhesive mode (88.75%), followed by mixed (7.5%), and cohesive (3.75%). CONCLUSIONS 10% sodium ascorbate provided a comparatively more promising improvement for immediate bond strength than 5% proanthocyanidins when the same duration of antioxidant was applied.BACKGROUND Acetaminophen overdose is the most common cause of acute liver failure. Nevertheless, new biomarker approaches enabling early prediction of the outcome of the acetaminophen overdose are needed. Recently, using next-generation sequencing analysis of serum from human study participants we uncovered injury-specific signatures of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) that represented underlying molecular mechanisms of toxicity. This case study is first to show the application of miRNA profiling to assess prognosis of acetaminophen poisoning. CASE REPORT The patient was admitted to the hospital following supra therapeutic acetaminophen ingestion. The patient showed elevated levels of biomarkers of hepatocellular injury alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, and glutamate dehydrogenase. Even though treatment with N-acetyl cysteine was initiated 24 hours post-ingestion, levels of alanine-aminotransferase and aspartate transaminase peaked at about 40 hours post ingestion of acetaminophen. We analyzed global circulating miRNA levels from 24 consecutive serum samples from this study participant covering the period from admission to time of death. CONCLUSIONS The resulting global miRNA profiles were compared with profiles from study participants with non-lethal acetaminophen poisoning and healthy controls. At the admission, the miRNA profiles of both lethal and non-lethal acetaminophen poisoning showed induction of cellular stress and oxidative damage. Later, the miRNA profiles of the lethal poisoning featured fibrosis and coagulation pathways while profiles of non-lethal cases resembled those of healthy study participants. Although additional confirmatory studies are needed, our case study is first to indicate that global miRNA profiles to be used as liquid biopsies have potential to facilitate the assessment of acetaminophen poisoning.BACKGROUND Perinatal mortality in beef calves impacts on profitability and animal welfare, but the incidence and causes in UK herds are not well known. METHODS Data from 11 herds were analysed to establish the risk factors for and incidence of perinatal mortality (full-term calves born dead or died within 48 hours). To establish cause of death, 23 herds in total submitted dead calves for postmortem examination (nine herds submitted all calves, 14 herds submitted calves on an ad hoc basis) and the results were reviewed by a panel. RESULTS The incidence of perinatal mortality for all 1059 calvings was 5.1 per cent (range 1.6-12.4 per cent across herds; median 4 per cent). The incidence of stillbirth and neonatal mortality was 3.9 per cent (range 0-10.1 per cent) and 1.2 per cent (range 0-2.6 per cent), respectively. Sex of the calf, plurality and level of calving assistance were associated with significantly greater risk of perinatal loss. Parturition-related deaths (n=20), intrauterine infections (n=13), congenital malformations (n=6) and postpartum infections (n=6) were among the diagnosis recorded from 54 calves investigated. Parturition-related deaths and congenital malformations were recorded more commonly from herds submitting all losses than from those submitting on an ad hoc basis. CONCLUSION Variation in perinatal incidence across herds exists and many fail to reach the 2 per cent target. Some significant risk factors and common causes of death identified have the potential to decrease perinatal mortality rates through improved herd management. © British Veterinary Association 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. Published by BMJ.BACKGROUND Relapses in steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis (SRMA) are frequently observed but specific treatment protocols to address this problem are sparsely reported. Standard treatment includes prolonged administration of glucocorticoids as monotherapy or in combination with immunosuppressive drugs. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of cytosine arabinoside (CA) in combination with glucocorticoids for treatment of SRMA relapses in 12 dogs on a retrospective basis. METHODS Dogs with recurrent episodes of SRMA and treated with a combination of CA and prednisolone were included. Information about clinical course, treatment response and adverse events was collected from medical records. Ethical approval was not required for this study. RESULTS Ten dogs (10/12) responded well to the treatment with clinical signs being completely controlled. selleck chemicals llc One dog is in clinical remission, but still under treatment. One dog (8%) showed further relapse. Mean treatment period was 51 weeks. Adverse events of variable severity (grade 1-4/5) were documented in all dogs during treatment according to the veterinary cooperative oncology group grading. Three dogs developed severe adverse events. Laboratory findings showed marked changes up to grade 4. Diarrhoea and anaemia were the most often observed adverse events (6), followed by dermatitis (4), alopecia (3) and pneumonia (3). Including blood chemistry changes (13), 50 adverse events were found in total. CONCLUSION Treatment with CA and glucocorticoids resulted in clinical remission in 10/12 dogs, but a high incidence of adverse events occurred requiring additional measures. All adverse events could be managed successfully in all cases. © British Veterinary Association 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. Published by BMJ.Sarah Mason planned to be a scientist. Working as a researcher, her interest in clinical work was piqued and, as an animal lover, she chose veterinary medicine and swiftly found that she wanted to specialise. British Veterinary Association.A much-loved small animal practitioner in Glasgow, he was a character and a real advocate for animals - it was he that brought contagious leukaemia in cats to the attention of researchers at the vet school. link2 British Veterinary Association.After working in a successful small animal practice, he joined the pharmaceutical industry. link3 He became an author of books for pet owners and the profession, and set up the Pet Health Counsellor programme. British Veterinary Association.Charities are highlighting the potential impact of Brexit on wildlife and the environment. Kathryn Clark reports. British Veterinary Association.Studies on myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) have led to the RNA-mediated disease model for hereditary disorders caused by noncoding microsatellite expansions. This model proposes that DM1 disease manifestations are caused by a reversion to fetal RNA processing patterns in adult tissues due to the expression of toxic CUG RNA expansions (CUGexp) leading to decreased muscleblind-like, but increased CUGBP1/ETR3-like factor 1 (CELF1), alternative splicing activities. Here, we test this model in vivo, using the mouse HSA LR poly(CUG) model for DM1 and recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-mediated transduction of specific splicing factors. Surprisingly, systemic overexpression of HNRNPA1, not previously linked to DM1, also shifted DM1-relevant splicing targets to fetal isoforms, resulting in more severe muscle weakness/myopathy as early as 4 to 6 wk posttransduction, whereas rAAV controls were unaffected. Overexpression of HNRNPA1 promotes fetal exon inclusion of representative DM1-relevant splicing targets in differentiated myoblasts, and HITS-CLIP of rAAV-mycHnrnpa1-injected muscle revealed direct interactions of HNRNPA1 with these targets in vivo. Similar to CELF1, HNRNPA1 protein levels decrease during postnatal development, but are elevated in both regenerating mouse muscle and DM1 skeletal muscle. Our studies suggest that CUGexp RNA triggers abnormal expression of multiple nuclear RNA binding proteins, including CELF1 and HNRNPA1, that antagonize MBNL activity to promote fetal splicing patterns. Copyright © 2020 the Author(s). Published by PNAS.We sought to define the landscape of alternative pre-mRNA splicing in prostate cancers and the relationship of exon choice to known cancer driver alterations. To do so, we compiled a metadataset composed of 876 RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) samples from five publicly available sources representing a range of prostate phenotypes from normal tissue to drug-resistant metastases. We subjected these samples to exon-level analysis with rMATS-turbo, purpose-built software designed for large-scale analyses of splicing, and identified 13,149 high-confidence cassette exon events with variable incorporation across samples. We then developed a computational framework, pathway enrichment-guided activity study of alternative splicing (PEGASAS), to correlate transcriptional signatures of 50 different cancer driver pathways with these alternative splicing events. We discovered that Myc signaling was correlated with incorporation of a set of 1,039 cassette exons enriched in genes encoding RNA binding proteins. Using a human prostate epithelial transformation assay, we confirmed the Myc regulation of 147 of these exons, many of which introduced frameshifts or encoded premature stop codons.
My Website: https://www.selleckchem.com/