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Prognostic Significance of Preoperative Globulin-to-albumin Rate in Obstructive Intestines Cancers Patients Who Have Preventive Surgical procedure following Stenting.
Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) is a persistent environmental contaminant previously found in consumer surfactants and industrial fire-fighting foams. PFOS has been widely implicated in metabolic dysfunction across the lifespan, including diabetes and obesity. However, the contributions of the embryonic environment to metabolic disease remain uncharacterized. This study seeks to identify perturbations in embryonic metabolism, pancreas development, and adiposity due to developmental and subchronic PFOS exposures and their persistence into later larval and juvenile periods. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to 16 or 32 μM PFOS developmentally (1-5 days post fertilization; dpf) or subchronically (1-15 dpf). Embryonic fatty acid and macronutrient concentrations and expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) isoforms were quantified in embryos. Pancreatic islet morphometry was assessed at 15 and 30 dpf, and adiposity and fish behavior were assessed at 15 dpf. Concentrations of lauric (C120) and myristic (C140) saturated fatty acids were increased by PFOS at 4 dpf, and PPAR gene expression was reduced. Incidence of aberrant islet morphologies, principal islet areas, and adiposity were increased in 15 dpf larvae and 30 dpf juvenile fish. Together, these data suggest that the embryonic period is a susceptible window of metabolic programming in response to PFOS exposures, and that these early exposures alone can have persisting effects later in the lifecourse.Soil acidification is causing more and more attention, not only because of the harm of acidification itself, but also the greater harm to bacteria brought by some pollutants under acidic condition. Therefore, the toxicities of two typical soil pollutants (perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and chromium (Cr(VI)) to growth and metabolisms of soil bacteria (Bacillus subtilis as modol) were investigated. Under acidic condition of pH = 5, Cr(VI), PFOS and PFOS + Cr(VI) show stronge inhibition to bacteria growth up to 24.3%, 42.3%, 41.6%, respectively, and this inhibition was about 2-3 times of that at pH = 7. Moreover, acid stress reduces the metabolism of bacteria, while PFOS and Cr(VI) pollution futher strengthens this metabolic inhibition involving oxidative stress and cell permeability. The activities of dehydrogenase (DHA) and electron transport system (ETS) at pH = 5 exposed to Cr(VI), PFOS and combined PFOS + Cr(VI) was 21.5%, 16.9%, 23.2% and 8.9%, 32.2%, 19.1% lower than the control, respectively. selleck chemical However, the relative activity of DHA and ETS at pH = 7 are 5-8 and 2-13 times of that at pH = 5, respectively. Isoelectric point, cell surface hydrophobicity and molecular simulation analysis show that the corresponding mechanism is that acidic conditions enhance the interaction between bacteria and PFOS/Cr(VI) through hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. The results can guide the remediation of acid soil pollution, and provide a reference for the combined toxicity evaluation of heavy metals and micro-pollutants in acid soil.Cellulose acetate (CA) is one of widely used polymers for chemical and medical applications due to its versatile physico-chemical functionalities. Although its recycle is available after a deacetylation process, the recycle process releases a huge amount of wastewater. Thus, this study investigated a direct disposal process of CA with its valorization to syngas (H2 and CO) through pyrolysis. To construct more environmentally benign process, CO2 was used as a co-feedstock with CA to simultaneously convert them into syngas. Pyrolysis of CA in N2 was performed as a reference study to examine the effectiveness of CO2 on valorization of CA. Acetic acid and methyl acetate were main volatile pyrolysates (VPs) from CA pyrolysis, and the further thermal cracking of VPs resulted in syngas and CH4 formations under both N2 and CO2 conditions. To expedite syngas formations, multi-stage pyrolysis (two-stage pyrolysis) and catalytic pyrolysis were employed. With the increased thermal energy through two-stage pyrolysis, four times more production of syngas was shown, comparing to the result of a single-stage pyrolysis. With Ni catalysts, the syngas formation was the two orders of magnitude higher than the single-stage pyrolysis, and the significant enhancement of CO formation was shown in the presence of CO2 due to combined effects of CO2 and the Ni-based catalysts. This CO enhancement resulted from catalytically expedited gas phase reactions between CO2 and VPs evolved from CA. In addition, the CO2 contributed to the suppression of coke deposition on the catalyst, thereby suggesting more technical and environmental benefits of CO2 as a reactive co-feedstock of pyrolysis in reference to N2. Therefore, this study proved the direct and versatile technical platform to convert CA and CO2 into syngas.As a driving factor of global changes, microplastics have gradually attracted widespread attention. Although MPs are extensively studied in aquatic systems, their presence and fate in terrestrial systems and soil are not fully understood. In China, construction-land must be mulched by dust-proof nets to prevent and control fine particulate pollution, which may cause MPs pollution and increase ecological risks. In order to understand the pollution characteristics and sources of MP in the soil covered by dust nets, we conducted a case study in Beijing. Our results revealed that the abundance of MPs in soil mulched by dust-proof nets ranged from 272 to 13,752 items/kg. Large-sized particles (>1000 μm) made up a significant proportion (49.83%) of MPs in the study area. The dominant MP polymer types were polyethylene (50.12%) and polypropylene (41.25%). The accumulation of MPs in construction-site soil mulched by dust-proof nets (average, 4910.2 items/kg) was significantly higher (P less then 0.05) than that in fective legislation and policies, so as to protect human health and protect the soil and the wider environment.Biomagnification of mercury (Hg) in the Scotia Sea food web of the Southern Ocean was examined using the stable isotope ratios of nitrogen (δ15N) and carbon (δ13C) as proxies for trophic level and feeding habitat, respectively. Total Hg and stable isotopes were measured in samples of particulate organic matter (POM), zooplankton, squid, myctophid fish, notothenioid fish and seabird tissues collected in two years (austral summers 2007/08 and 2016/17). Overall, there was extensive overlap in δ13C values across taxonomic groups suggesting similarities in habitats, with the exception of the seabirds, which showed some differences, possibly due to the type of tissue analysed (feathers instead of muscle). δ15N showed increasing enrichment across groups in the order POM to zooplankton to squid to myctophid fish to notothenioid fish to seabirds. There were significant differences in δ15N and δ13C values among species within taxonomic groups, reflecting inter-specific variation in diet. Hg concentrations increased with trophic level, with the lowest values in POM (0.0005 ± 0.0002 μg g-1 dw) and highest values in seabirds (3.88 ± 2.41 μg g-1 in chicks of brown skuas Stercorarius antarcticus). Hg concentrations tended to be lower in 2016/17 than in 2007/08 for mid-trophic level species (squid and fish), but the opposite was found for top predators (i.e. seabirds), which had higher levels in the 2016/17 samples. This may reflect an interannual shift in the Scotia Sea marine food web, caused by the reduced availability of a key prey species, Antarctic krill Euphausia superba. In 2016/17, seabirds would have been forced to feed on higher trophic-level prey, such as myctophids, that have higher Hg burdens. These results suggest that changes in the food web are likely to affect the pathway of mercury to Southern Ocean top predators.Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) influenced Poly Cyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) degrading Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated from the marine environment. To increase the EPS production by Klebsiella pneumoniae, several physicochemical parameters were tweaked such as different carbon sources (arabinose, glucose, glycerol, lactose, lactic acid, mannitol, sodium acetate, starch, and sucrose at 20 g/L), nitrogen sources (ammonium chloride, ammonium sulphate, glycine, potassium nitrate, protease peptone and urea at 2 g/L), different pH, carbon/nitrogen ratio, temperature, and salt concentration were examined. Maximum EPS growth and biodegradation of Anthracene (74.31%), Acenaphthene (67.28%), Fluorene (62.48%), Naphthalene (57.84%), and mixed PAHs (55.85%) were obtained using optimized conditions such as glucose (10 g/L) as carbon source, potassium nitrate (2 g/L) as the nitrogen source at pH 8, growth temperature of 37 °C, 3% NaCl concentration and 72 h incubation period. The Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilm architecture was studied by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The present study demonstrates the EPS influenced PAHs degradation of Klebsiella pneumoniae.Severe fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution and the associated health risks remain pressing issues in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), although significant efforts have been made locally, such as the Clean Air Action since 2013. Regional transport is an important contributor to high PM2.5 levels during haze episodes in the YRD, but its impact on human health is rarely analyzed. In this study, we evaluate the short-term PM2.5-related health risks and associated economic losses due to different source regions by estimating daily mortality based on model results in the YRD. The results show that regional transport induces significant health risks in the YRD during haze days, contributing over 60% of daily premature mortality in Shanghai and Nanjing (major cities in the YRD). Moreover, in Hangzhou and Jiaxing, regional transport's contribution can be as high as 70%. The total daily mean economic loss in the YRD is estimated as 526.8 million Chinese Yuan (approximately 81.4 million U.S. dollar) in winter of 2015 and 2016, accounting for 1.4% of the daily averaged gross domestic product (GDP) of the YRD. Emission control (in accordance with the 13th Five-year Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction Plan) is an effective way to reduce health risks in the YRD, reducing premature deaths during haze days by 12-33%. More stringent emission control measures are suggested for further reduce PM2.5-related health risks.Benthic microbes play a crucial role in maintaining the biogeochemical balance of aquatic ecosystems especially the material cycling during plant decomposition. However, those systems in agricultural area are always threatened by agricultural run-off containing a mass of typical pathogenic invader- Escherichia coli. It is therefore vital to clarify the turnover, assembly, and geochemical functions of the E. coli invaded benthic prokaryotic microbial community during plant decomposition. During the decaying process, the key filtering factors of benthic community assembly were NH4+-N (P less then 0.001), NO2--N (P less then 0.01), and Organic-N (P less then 0.05). The E. coli colonized significantly in sediments (P less then 0.001) and drove the turnover of the bacterial community (P = 0.001), which enhanced archaeal dominance in the benthic microbial network. E. coli also triggered niche structural variations. The biomass (%) of benthic nutrient cycling genera including Dechloromonas, Pseudomonas, Bacteroides, Candidatus_Methanofastidiosum, and Desulfomicrobium (P less then 0.
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