Notes

The entire chloroplast genome sequence involving Styrax serrulatus Roxburgh (Styracaceae).
Further exploration into the relevance of NCS1 in breast cancer progression showed that knockout of NCS1 (NCS1 KO) caused decreased cell survival and motility, increased baseline intracellular Ca2+ levels, and decreased inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3)-mediated Ca2+ responses. Protein kinase B (Akt) activity was decreased in NCS1 KO cells, which could be rescued by buffering intracellular Ca2+ . Conversely, Akt activity was increased in cells over-expressing NCS1 (NCS1 OE). We therefore conclude that NCS1 acts as cellular stress response protein up-regulated by stress-induced NFκB signaling, and that NCS1 influences cell survival and motility through effects on Ca2+ signaling and Akt pathway activation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Progenitor cells at the basal layer of skin epidermis play an essential role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and enhancing wound repair in skin. The proliferation, differentiation, and cell death of epidermal progenitor cells have to be delicately regulated, as deregulation of this process can lead to many skin diseases, including skin cancers. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in skin homeostasis remain poorly defined. In this study, with quantitative proteomics approach, we identified an important interaction between KDF1 (keratinocyte differentiation factor 1) and IKKα (IκB kinase α) in differentiating skin keratinocytes. Ablation of either KDF1 or IKKα in mice leads to similar but striking abnormalities in skin development, particularly in skin epidermal differentiation. With biochemical and mouse genetics approach, we further demonstrate that the interaction of IKKα and KDF1 is essential for epidermal differentiation. To probe deeper into the mechanisms, we find that KDF1 associates with a deubiquitinating protease USP7 (ubiquitin-specific peptidase 7), and KDF1 can regulate skin differentiation through deubiquitination and stabilization of IKKα. Taken together, our study unravels an important molecular mechanism underlying epidermal differentiation and skin tissue homeostasis. © 2020 The Authors.Tropical forest disturbance is a key driver of global biodiversity decline. On continents, the effects of logging are greatest on endemic species, presumably because disturbance is more likely to cover narrower distributions (the "cookie cutter" model). Islands hold disproportionate biodiversity, and are subject to accelerating biotic homogenization, where specialist endemics are lost while generalists persist. We tested responses of tropical island mammals to logging at multiple spatial scales, using a long-term experimental test in a Pacific archipelago. The most widely distributed ecological generalists did not decline after logging, and we detected no overall changes in relative abundance or species diversity. However, endemics with small ranges did decline in response to logging. The least mobile and most range-restricted species declined even at the smallest spatial scale, supporting the cookie cutter model for sedentary species, and suggesting that habitat change due to selective logging is contributing to biotic homogenization on islands. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.OBJECTIVES Despite previous literature on comorbid alcohol use disorders (AUDs) in bipolar disorder (BD), little is known about patterns of alcohol use more widely in this population. We have examined lifetime heaviest average weekly alcohol consumption levels in a large well-characterised UK sample including lifetime clinical correlates of increasing levels of alcohol use. METHODS Participants were 1203 women and 673 men with bipolar I disorder interviewed by semi-structured interview who had consumed alcohol regularly at any point in their life. RESULTS Over half of both women (52.3%) and men (73.6%) had regularly consumed over double the current UK recommended guideline for alcohol consumption. In women and men increasing levels of lifetime alcohol consumption were significantly associated with the presence of suicide attempts (women OR 1.82, P less then .001; men OR 1.48, P = .005) and rapid cycling (women OR 1.89, P less then .001; men OR 1.88, P less then .001). In women only, increasing levels of alcohol consumption were significantly associated with more episodes of depression (OR 1.35, P less then .001) and mania (OR 1.30, P less then .004) per illness year, less impairment in functioning during the worst episode of mania (OR 1.02, P less then .001), fewer psychiatric admissions (OR 0.51, P less then .001), comorbid panic disorder (OR 2.16, P less then .001) and eating disorder (OR 2.37, P less then .001). CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the clinical importance of obtaining detailed information on levels of alcohol consumption among patients with BD. Increased levels of alcohol use, not necessarily reaching criteria for AUD, may be helpful in predicting BD illness course, in particular eating disorders comorbidity in women. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.AIMS The risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) when using inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) is unclear. Previous studies were limited by lack of data regarding important confounders and too short follow-up periods. The aim of this study was to determine the risk of T2D onset associated with accumulated ICS dose during the previous year in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a nationwide observational cohort study based on data from patients with COPD between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2017 extracted from Danish health databases. Patients were followed for seven years, until death or a T2D event. A propensity-matched Cox model and an adjusted Cox proportional hazards model (stratified on body mass index (BMI)) were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for new-onset T2D. RESULTS A total of 50,148 patients with COPD were included, 3,566 (7.1%) of whom had a T2D event. 35,368 patients (70.5%) used ICS during the previous year before study entry. The propensity-matched Cox model (N=33,466) showed an increased risk of T2D which progressed with increasing accumulated ICS dose (low-ICS HR 1.076, confidence interval [CI] 1.075-1.077, p less then 0.0001; medium-ICS HR 1.106, CI 1.105-1.108, p less then 0.0001; high-ICS HR 1.150, CI 1.148-1.151, p less then 0.0001), compared to no ICS use. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/way-316606.html Results were confirmed in the adjusted Cox analysis on the entire study population, but only for patients with BMI less then 30 kg/m2 . CONCLUSIONS In patients with COPD, ICS use was associated with a moderate dose-dependent increase in the occurrence of T2D. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.We interpret the domesticated organisms-plants, animals, and the domesticated microbes used for food fermentation-as an extended genotype of humans due to their close relationship with our species. We propose to analyse the role of microbes in traditionally fermented food with the approaches used in the human microbiome project, and we expect to find associations with ethnic groups, explaining part of human (culinary) culture. © 2020 Society for Applied Microbiology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) substantially decreased in the era of potent antiviral therapy. We developed an optimized HCC risk prediction model for CHB with well-controlled viremia by nucelos(t)ide analogs (NUCs). METHOD We analyzed those who achieved virological response (VR; serum HBV-DNA161) groups were more likely to develop HCC compared to the low-risk group (score≤75) with statistical significances (HRs; 4.43 and 47.693, respectively; both p less then 0.001). CONCLUSION CAMPAS model derived through comprehensive clinical evaluation of liver disease allowed the more delicate HCC prediction for CHB patients with well-controlled viremia by NUCs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.INTRODUCTION AND AIMS The Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP) included novel rules for wine and spirits requiring parties to allow wine and spirits importers to display information required by the importing country on a supplementary label rather than on the standard label. Since the TPP negotiations concluded, alcohol-specific supplementary labelling rules have begun to appear in other trade agreements. The aim of this paper was to map the new instruments containing these rules and examine developments in the rules with implications for health information on alcohol containers. DESIGN AND METHODS Trade agreements signed after the TPP negotiations concluded were retrieved and searched for alcohol-specific labelling provisions. A legal analysis of these provisions and related exceptions was undertaken. RESULTS Supplementary labelling rules similar or identical to those in the TPP have been included in five subsequent trade agreements. The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement also includes several additional provisions about alcohol labelling. Exceptions in the agreements provide some space for governments to defend labelling measure that might otherwise breach the rules, in the event of a dispute. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS By securing these rules, the alcohol industry is better positioned to claim the space on the standard label as industry 'real estate' and to oppose mandatory health information incorporated into the standard labelling. These risks can be mitigated by stemming the adoption of supplementary labelling rules in further trade agreements; clarifying the text of agreements and ensuring that regulators understand that the rules do not prevent the use of 'best-practice' warning labels. © 2020 Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs.BACKGROUND To clarify the features affecting cardiac sympathetic denervation in autopsy-confirmed dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) patients. METHODS Fifty-four autopsy-confirmed DLB patients were enrolled. Tissue samples of the left ventricular anterior wall were immunostained with anti-tyrosine hydroxylase antibody to identify catecholaminergic nerve axons. We quantified immunostained areas as residual cardiac sympathetic nerve (CSN) axons and examined the relationship between the degree of residual CSN axons and clinical and neuropathological features. RESULTS Virtually all patients showed small amounts of residual CSN axons (0.87%, range 0.02-9.98%), with 50 patients (92.6%) showing less than 2.0% of residual axons. The patients who showed psychological symptoms within the first year of the disease had significantly more residual CSN axons than the remaining patients did (1.50% vs. 0.40%, p less then 0.01). Patients with a short disease duration and neocortical-type Lewy body pathology tended to have more preserved CSN axons, although this difference was not statistically significant. Fifty-three patients (98.1%) who had neurofibrillary tangles in the brain and strong concomitant Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology also had statistically significantly more preserved CSN axons. The patient with the most preserved CSN axons showed different characteristics from the results, except for the first symptom. CONCLUSION Psychological symptoms within the first year of the disease, a short disease duration, neocortical-type Lewy body pathology, and strong concomitant AD pathology may be related to mild CSN degeneration in DLB patients. Thus, DLB patients with broad LB pathology in the brain in the early stages may show mild CSN degeneration. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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