Notes

Assessment of DOFS Connection Means of Time-Dependent Stress Realizing.
BACKGROUND Differences in core or tissue-specific ribosomal protein (Rp) composition within ribosomes contribute to ribosome heterogeneity and functional variability. Yet, the degree to which ribosome heterogeneity modulates development is unknown. The Drosophila melanogaster eRpL22 family contains structurally diverse paralogues, eRpL22 and eRpL22-like. Unlike ubiquitously expressed eRpL22, eRpL22-like expression is tissue-specific, notably within the male germline and the eye. We investigated expression within the developing eye to uncover tissue/cell types where specific paralogue roles might be defined. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry analysis confirms ubiquitous eRpL22 expression throughout eye development. In larvae, eRpL22-like is ubiquitously expressed, but highly enriched in the peripodial epithelium (PE). In early pupae, eRpL22-like is broadly distributed in multiple cell types, but later, is primarily enriched in interommatidial hair cells (IoHC). Adult patterns include the ring of accessory cells around ommatidia. Adult retinae IoHC patterning phenotypes (shown by scanning electron microscopy) may be linked to RNAi-mediated eRpL22-like depletion within larval PE. Immunoblots and polysome profile analyses show multiple variants of eRpL22-like across development, with the variant at the expected molecular mass co-sedimenting with active ribosomes. CONCLUSION Our data reveal differential patterns of eRpL22-like expression relative to eRpL22 and suggest a specific role for eRpL22-like in developmental patterning of the eye. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.OBJECTIVE To study time to pregnancy (TTP) and factors associated with TTP in women with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), compared to women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS We included 274 women with axSpA and 317 women with RA from the Norwegian nationwide registry RevNatus. For all the women, we had retrospectively collected data on TTP, and a subgroup also had prospectively collected data. We compared TTP in women with axSpA to women with RA using Kaplan-Meier plots and log-rank test. To identify factors associated with TTP, we used Cox proportional hazard regression. RESULTS TTP exceeded 12 months in 21% of women with axSpA. In the subgroup followed prospectively, 32% had TTP which exceeded 12 months. Longer TTP was associated with older age, nulliparity, and longer disease duration, with hazard ratios of 0.97 (95% CI 0.94 to 1.00), 0.66 (95% CI 0.50 to 0.88), and 0.94 (95% CI 0.91 to 0.98) respectively. Disease activity, medication, and self-reported health-related quality of life were not associated with TTP. We found no statistically significant differences between axSpA and RA in regard to TTP. CONCLUSION In women with axSpA, longer TTP was associated with older age, nulliparity, and longer disease duration. © 2020, The Authors. Arthritis Care & Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American College of Rheumatology.OBJECTIVE To compare the severity of psychological distress between epilepsy patients and healthy controls during the COVID-19 outbreak in southwest China, as well as identify potential risk factors of severe psychological distress among epilepsy patients. METHODS This cross-sectional case control study examined a consecutive sample of patients older than 15 years treated at the epilepsy center of West China Hospital between 01 and 29 February 2020. As controls, sex- and age-matched healthy visitors of inpatients (unrelated to the patients) were also enrolled during the same period. Data on demographics and attention paid to COVID-19 were collected by online questionnaire, data on epilepsy features were collected from electronic medical records, and psychological distress was evaluated using the Kessler 6-item (K-6) psychological distress scale. Potential risk factors of severe psychological distress were identified using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS The 252 patients and 252 controls in this study were similar along all demographic variables except family income. Patients with epilepsy showed significantly higher K-6 scores than healthy controls and spent significantly more time following the COVID-19 outbreak (both p 12) (both p ≤ 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression identified two independent predictors of severe psychological distress time spent paying attention to COVID-19 (OR 1.172, 95%CI 1.073, 1.280) and diagnosis of drug-resistant epilepsy (OR 0.283, 95%CI 0.128, 0.623). SIGNIFICANCE During public health outbreaks, clinicians and caregivers should focus not only on seizure control but also on mental health of epilepsy patients, especially those with drug-resistant epilepsy. K-6 scores more than 12 should be indicated as severe psychological distress. This may mean, for example, encouraging patients to engage in other activities instead of excessively following media coverage of the outbreak. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.SARS-CoV-2 infection has been reported to induce a hypercoagulable state1 which is associated with disease severity and poor outcomes.2,3 Rates of thromboembolic events and use of augmented thromboprophylaxis in patients with COVID-19 are therefore the subject of significant interest. However, the clinical manifestations of this procoagulant tendency are poorly defined. In this report we describe two cases of major occlusive arterial events in previously asymptomatic individuals with confirmed COVID-19. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.The monoamine oxidase metabolite of dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL), is hypothesized to induce neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, DOPAL's effect on astrocyte function is less well known. Furthermore, the conflicting protective and pathological roles of resting and reactive astrocytes in Parkinson's disease has led to astrocytes being characterized as a double-edged sword in this disease. Using the Neu7 rat astrocyte cell line as a model of astrocyte behaviour, we aimed to evaluate the effect of DOPAL on astrocyte viability, reactivity and mitochondrial function. Astrocytic production of hydrogen peroxide and nitrite was indicative of reactivity. Mitochondrial function was assessed using extracellular flux analysis with the Seahorse extracellular flux analysis system and mitochondria membrane potential dye. We found that DOPAL significantly reduces Neu7 viability, induces apoptosis, decreases mitochondrial performance and increases oxidative and nitrative stress in a concentration-dependent manner. This is the first in vitro study showing that DOPAL is directly toxic to astrocytes. We predict that the loss of astrocyte viability and the gain of neurotoxic effects, like the increase in oxidative stress, will have detrimental consequences to neuronal viability. This research supports the hypothesis that DOPAL is a contributing factor to PD progression and provides a basis for future research to elucidate the mechanism of DOPAL-induced astrocyte toxicity in PD. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Improving electrical conductivity of sulfur, suppressing shuttle/dissolution of polysulfide and enhancing reaction kinetics in Li-S batteries are essential for practical application. Herein, for the first time, we use low cost oleic acid as single carbon source, and add commercial SiO 2 as template to form porous structure while introducing Fe(NO 3 ) 3 and Ni(NO 3 ) 2 as catalysts to increase the degree of graphitization. In addition, double metal salts Fe(NO 3 ) 3 and Ni(NO 3 ) 2 can also form FeNi 3 alloy, and our results show the FeNi 3 nanoparticles could accelerate the kinetic conversion reactions of polysulfide. Thanks to the well-developed porous structure with high graphitization degree, the highly graphitized porous carbon - FeNi 3 ( GPC-FeNi 3 ) materials have high conductivity to ensure fast charge transfer while hierarchically porous structure facilitates ion diffusion and traps polysulfide. Thus, the GPC-FeNi 3 /S cathode displays excellent electrochemical performance. Under the current rate of 0.2 C and 1 C, the cathode of the GPC-FeNi 3 /S composites with sulfur content of 70% delivers high initial discharge capacities of 1108 and 880 mAh g -1 , and retains reversible specific capacities of 850 mAh g -1 after 200 cycles at 0.2 C and 625 mAh g -1 after 400 cycles at 1C. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Feeding interactions between fish species and crustaceans are not rare, such as the relations between cleaner shrimps and reef fishes (Horká et al. 2018) and between parasitic isopods and their fish hosts (Baeza 2015). In most of these cases the fish plays the main role as host and the crustacean a secondary role as associated species (Karplus 2014). This report presents an example of the opposite. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND The presence, types, disclosure rates, and effects of conflicts of interest (COIs) on autism early intervention research have not previously been studied. The purpose of this study was to examine these issues. METHODS This study is a secondary analysis of a comprehensive meta-analysis of all group-design, nonpharmacological early intervention autism research conducted between 1970 and 2018. We coded reports for the presence/absence of COI statements, the types of COIs that were disclosed, and for 8 types of COIs, including (a) the author developed the intervention, (b) the author is affiliated with a clinical provider, (c) the author is employed by a clinical provider, (d) the author is affiliated with an institution that trains others to use the intervention, (e) the author receives payment or royalties related to the intervention, (f) the study was funded by an intervention provider, (g) the study used a commercially available measure developed by the author, and (h) proceeds of the intervention fund the author's research. Frequencies and proportions were calculated to determine prevalence of COIs and COI disclosures. Meta-analysis was used to estimate summary effects by COI type and to determine if they were larger than for reports with no coded COIs. I191 RESULTS Seventy percent of reports were coded for ≥ 1 COI, but only ~ 6% of reports contained COI statements fully accounting for all coded COIs. Metaregressions did not detect significant influences of any COI type on summary effects; however, point estimates for each COI type were larger than for reports with no coded COIs. CONCLUSIONS Conflicts of interest are prevalent but under-reported in autism early intervention research. Improved reporting practices are necessary for researcher transparency and would enable more robust examination of the effects of COIs on research outcomes. © 2020 Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health.Increasing evidence uncover the essential role of lncRNAs in bone metabolism and the association of lncRNA with genetic risk of osteoporosis. However, whether lncRNA Neat1 is involved remains largely unknown. In the present study, we found that Neat1 is induced by osteoclastic differentiation stimuli. Knockdown of Neat1 attenuates osteoclast formation whereas overexpression of Neat1 accelerates osteoclast formation. In vivo evidence demonstrated that enhanced Neat1 expression stimulates osteoclastogenesis and reduces bone mass in mice. Mechanically, Neat1 competitively binds with miR-7 and blocks its function for regulating PTK2. Intergenic SNP rs12789028 acts as allele-specific long-range enhancer for NEAT1 via chromatin interactions. We establish for the first time that Neat1 plays an essential role in osteoclast differentiation, and provide genetic mechanism underlying the association of NEAT1 locus with osteoporosis risk. These results enrich the current knowledge of NEAT1 function, and uncover the potential of NEAT1 as a therapeutic target for osteoporosis.
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