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Environment Regulations and Corporate Natural Invention within China: The Role regarding Town Leaders' Marketing Pressure.
An experiment was conducted to determine the appropriate fasting time prior to slaughter for broilers in floor-feed and scatter-feed mode.

On 21 d of breeding, 120 Arbor Acres broilers were divided into floor-feed and scatter-feed groups, chicks from each group were further assigned to feed withdrawal treatments for 0, 4, 6, 8 and 10 h. Some resultant indicators such as carcass contamination, body weight loss, meat quality of 54-day-old broilers were measured.

It appears that longer feed withdrawal increased weight loss, lightness, drop loss of meat but reduced pH. A significant higher weight loss and lightness for both floor-feed and scatter-feed chicks coincided after 6-10 h feed withdrawal (p<0.05). pH for breast muscle at 45 min postmortem reduced when chicks of scatter-feed were fasted 6 and 10 h, while the reduction of floor-feed group occurred only in 10 h (P < 0.05). A noticeable effect of feed withdrawal on drop loss occurred after 10 h fasting in scatter-feed of which drop loss were signg were recommendable for both floor and scatter feed pre-slaughter broilers.
The objectives of the study were to evaluate reproductive performance and selection response through genetic trend of community-based breeding programs (CBBPs) of Bonga sheep.

Reproduction traits data collected between 2012 and 2018 from Bonga sheep CBBPs. Phenotypic performance was analyzed using the General Linear Model procedures of SAS. Genetic parameters were estimated by univariate animal model for age at first lambing (AFL) and repeatability models for lambing interval (LI), litter size (LS) and annual reproductive rate (ARR) traits using restricted maximum likelihood method (REML) of WOMBAT. For correlations bivariate animal model was used. Best model was chosen based on likelihood ratio test (LRT). The genetic trends were estimated by the weighted regression of the average breeding value of the animals on the year of birth/ lambing.

The overall least squares mean ± SE of AFL, LI, LS and ARR were 375±12.5, 284±9.9, 1.45±0.010, and 2.31±0.050, respectively. Direct heritability estimates for AFL, LI, LS and ARR were 0.07±0.190, 0.06±0.120, 0.18±0.070, and 0.25±0.203, respectively. The low heritability for both AFL and LI showed that these traits respond little for selection program rather highly depend on animal management option. The annual genetic gains were -0.0281days, -0.016days, -0.0002 lambs and 0.0003 lambs for AFL, LI, LS and ARR, respectively.

Implication of the result to future improvement program was improving management of animals, conservation of prolific flocks and out scaling the CBBP to get better result.
Implication of the result to future improvement program was improving management of animals, conservation of prolific flocks and out scaling the CBBP to get better result.
The present study was conducted to examine the gas production, fermentation characteristics, nutrient degradation, and methanogenic community composition of the rumen fluid culture with Broussonetia papyrifera (B. papyrifera) subjected to ensiling or steam explosion (SE) pretreatment.

Fresh B. papyrifera was collected and pretreated by ensiling or steam explosion, which was then fermented with ruminal fluids as ensiled B. papyrifera (BPS) group, steam-exploded B. papyrifera (BP-SE) group, and untreated B. papyrifera (BP) group. The gas and methane production, fermentation characteristics, nutrient degradation, and methanogenic community were determined during the fermentation.

Cumulative methane production was significantly improved with SE pretreatment compared with ensiled or untreated biomass accompanied with more volatile fatty acids production. After 72 h incubation, SE and ensiling pretreatments decreased the acid detergent fiber contents by 39.4% and 22.9%, and neutral detergent fiber contents by 10.6% and 47.2%, respectively. Changes of methanogenic diversity and abundance of methanogenic archaea corresponded to the variations in fermentation pattern and methane production.

Compared with ensiling pretreatment, SE can be a promising technique for the efficient utilization of B. papyrifera, which would contribute to the sustainable livestock production systems.
Compared with ensiling pretreatment, SE can be a promising technique for the efficient utilization of B. papyrifera, which would contribute to the sustainable livestock production systems.
The objective was to evaluate the impact of different forms of iron including myoglobin, hemin and ferric chloride on the quality of chicken breast meat.

Chicken breast muscles were subjected to 1, 2, 3 mg/mL of FeCl3, myoglobin and hemin treatment respectively, and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), meat color, tenderness, water holding capacity and morphology of meat was evaluated.

Hemin was found to produce more ROS and induce greater extent of lipid oxidation than myoglobin and ferric chloride. However, it showed that hemin could significantly increase the redness and decrease the lightness of the muscle. Hemin was also shown to be prominent in improving water holding capacity of meat, maintaining a relatively higher level of the immobilized water from low-field NMR measurements. Epigenetics antagonist Morphology observation by hematoxylin-eosin staining further confirmed the results that hemin preserved the integrity of the muscle.

The results indicated that hemin may have economic benefit for the industry based on its advantage on water holding capacity and quality of meat.
The results indicated that hemin may have economic benefit for the industry based on its advantage on water holding capacity and quality of meat.
This study was conducted to investigate the supplementary effect of a phytogenic blend (SPA a mixture containing fermented Schisandra chinensis pomace, fermented Pinus densiflora needle extract, and Allium tuberosum powder in the ratio of 221) on egg production, egg quality, blood constituents, and visceral organs in laying hens.

A total of 135 Hy-line brown laying hens (48-wk-old) were randomly allocated to three dietary treatments with 5 replicates of 9 hens. The control group (CON) was fed a basal diet (no exogenous SPA addition) and the experimental groups were fed the basal diet containing SPA at the level of 0.1% and 0.3% for 6 weeks.

The feed intake was significantly improved in SPA supplemented groups as compared with the control (p<0.05). However, egg production, daily egg mass, and feed conversion ratio were not different among the dietary treatments (p>0.05). For egg quality traits, only Haugh unit (HU) was significantly improved in SPA (0.3%) (p<0.05) as compared with other groups. However, HU was not affected during 4-wk of storage at 18°C among the dietary treatments (p>0.
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