Notes

Spatiotemporal submitting regarding microbe dimethylsulfoniopropionate generating and catabolic genes inside the Changjiang Estuary.
g-C3N4 has been used as a photocatalyst to overcome the issues of environmental crises and energy shortages. Here, red g-C3N4 nanosheets (Eg ∼ 1.89 eV) were used as seeds for the edge-epitaxial growth of yellow g-C3N4 (Eg ∼ 2.59 eV) to form type II heterostructures. The heterostructures revealed superior photocatalytic activity for enhanced H2 (3996 μmol g-1 h-1), CO (3.8 μmol g-1 h-1), and CH4 (1.8 μmol g-1 h-1) evolution.Carboxylesterase 2 (CES 2) is a key enzyme in the activation of the prodrug irinotecan (CPT-11) in the treatment against colorectal cancer and also has some relationship with the side effect of CPT-11 in clinical applications. Herein, a near infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe (DSAB) has been designed for CES 2 which possesses the advantages of prominent selectivity and high sensitivity, and DSAB has been successfully applied for the imaging of endogenous CES 2 in living cells. Moreover, a high-throughput screening method for CES 2 inhibitors has been established using DSAB and discovered four novel CES 2 inhibitors from various herbal medicines. These results fully demonstrated that DSAB is a promising molecular tool for the investigation of the biological functions of CES 2 in living systems and the discovery of novel CES 2 inhibitors for the treatment of CES 2 related physiological diseases.Using solely highly hydrophilic particles to stabilize emulsions, especially high internal phase emulsions, has always been an important challenge. Here pH-responsive Pickering emulsions stabilized by a low concentration of bare highly hydrophilic Ludox CL nanoparticles without surface modification or addition of surfactants are developed at neutral pH. The dispersed nanoparticles can be transformed into an aggregate state with a network-like structure near the isoelectric point, which contributes to the stabilization of the emulsions. Moreover, the vdW attraction between particles and droplets also plays a key role in the formation of emulsions, which can make the aggregated nanoparticles adsorb tightly around the droplets rather than penetrate the oil-water interface. The formed protective armor and network-like aggregates separate droplets from each other to prevent coalescence. At a low nanoparticle concentration (0.5 wt%), a high internal phase emulsion can be formed and can last up to half a year. This system can emulsify not only the hydrocarbon oil but also the fluoroalkane oil phase. Finally, organic-inorganic composite particles are fabricated using the template action of the Pickering emulsions. The method of preparing composite particles is more convenient than the traditional Pickering emulsion polymerization which often requires the modification of the surface of the hydrophilic particles or the addition of auxiliary monomers. This study provides a simple green strategy for the preparation of a more stable Pickering emulsion stabilized by surface-inactive nanoparticles and will broaden the scope of applications.Controlling the reaction selectivity of organic transformations without losing high conversion is always a challenge in catalytic processes. In this work, a H3PO4·12WO3/OMS-2 nanocomposite catalyst ([PW]-OMS-2) was prepared through the oxidation of a Mn(ii) salt with sodium phosphotungstate by KMnO4. Comprehensive characterization indicates that different Mn2+ precursors significantly affected the crystalline phase and morphology of the as-synthesized catalysts and only MnSO4·H2O as the precursor could lead to a cryptomelane phase. Moreover, [PW]-OMS-2 demonstrated excellent catalytic activity toward aerobic oxidative dehydrogenation of tetrahydro-β-carbolines due to mixed crystalline phases, enhanced surface areas, rich surface oxygen vacancies and labile lattice oxygen species. In particular, β-carbolines and 3,4-dihydro-β-carbolines could be obtained from tetrahydro-β-carbolines with very high selectivity (up to 99%) over [PW]-OMS-2 via tuning the reaction solvent and temperature. Under the present catalytic system, scalable synthesis of a β-carboline was achieved and the composite catalyst showed good stability and recyclability. This work not only clarified the structure-activity relationship of the catalyst, but also provided a practical pathway to achieve flexible, controllable synthesis of functional N-heterocycles.Exploiting new non-metal-based peroxidase-mimic nanoenzymes for chemodynamic therapy (CDT) in cancer treatment is an active and challenging field. Here, we found that activated carbon nanoparticles (denoted as ANs) fabricated from coconut shell have satisfactory peroxidase-mimic nanoenzyme activity. Based on this positive result, gadodiamide, a clinically used nuclear magnetic imaging contrast agent, was loaded inside the AN pores and encapsulated by polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) to obtain Gd@PANs. PANs (ANs modified using PVP) efficiently catalyze the massive decomposition of endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) inside cancer cells to produce toxic oxidized hydroxyl radicals (˙OH) for the CDT treatment of cancer, but they showed no toxicity toward normal cells. Additionally, under 808 nm laser irradiation, the photothermal conversion efficiency of the PANs reaches 45.20%, ensuring their effective photothermal therapy (PTT) treatment functionality. Simultaneously, during PTT treatment, the heating effect significantly enhances the peroxidase-mimic activity of the PANs to achieve an ideal PTT-CDT synergistic therapeutic outcome. Gd@PANs can also be used for the T1-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of tumors to integrate treatment and diagnosis.A 2-pyridone modified zinc phthalocyanine (denoted ZnPc-PYR) achieves a one stone for three birds outcome in the photodynamic therapy (PDT) treatment of cancer. ZnPc-PYR can be excited by both 665 and 808 nm light to treat superficial and deep tumors, store and slowly release singlet oxygen (1O2) to improve its utilization and downregulate the HIF-1 (hypoxia-inducible factor 1) expression level to enhance the tumor cell's sensitivity to PDT treatment under hypoxic conditions.To establish how the hydrophobic surfactant proteins, SP-B and SP-C, promote adsorption of lipids to an air/water interface, we used X-ray diffuse scattering (XDS) to determine an order parameter of the lipid chains (Sxray) and the bending modulus of the lipid bilayers (KC). Samples contained different amounts of the proteins with two sets of lipids. Dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) provided a simple, well characterized model system. The nonpolar and phospholipids (N&PL) from extracted calf surfactant provided the biological mix of lipids. For both systems, the proteins produced changes in Sxray that correlated well with KC. The dose-response to the proteins, however, differed. Small amounts of protein generated large decreases in Sxray and KC for DOPC that progressed monotonically. The changes for the surfactant lipids were erratic. Our studies then tested whether the proteins produced correlated effects on adsorption. Experiments measured the initial fall in surface tension during adsorption to a constant surface area, and then expansion of the interface during adsorption at a constant surface tension of 40 mN m-1. The proteins produced a sigmoidal increase in the rate of adsorption at 40 mN m-1 for both lipids. The results correlated poorly with the changes in Sxray and KC in both cases. Disordering of the lipid chains produced by the proteins, and the softening of the bilayers, fail to explain how the proteins promote adsorption of lipid vesicles.An in-line hologram of a colloidal sphere can be analyzed with the Lorenz-Mie theory of light scattering to measure the sphere's three-dimensional position with nanometer-scale precision while also measuring its diameter and refractive index with part-per-thousand precision. Applying the same technique to aspherical or inhomogeneous particles yields measurements of the position, diameter and refractive index of an effective sphere that represents an average over the particle's geometry and composition. This effective-sphere interpretation has been applied successfully to porous, dimpled and coated spheres, as well as to fractal clusters of nanoparticles, all of whose inhomogeneities appear on length scales smaller than the wavelength of light. Here, we combine numerical and experimental studies to investigate effective-sphere characterization of symmetric dimers of micrometer-scale spheres, a class of aspherical objects that appear commonly in real-world dispersions. Our studies demonstrate that the effective-sphere interpretation usefully distinguishes small colloidal clusters in holographic characterization studies of monodisperse colloidal spheres. The effective-sphere estimate for a dimer's axial position closely follows the ground truth for its center of mass. Trends in the effective-sphere diameter and refractive index, furthermore, can be used to measure a dimer's three-dimensional orientation. When applied to colloidal dimers transported in a Poiseuille flow, the estimated orientation distribution is consistent with expectations for Brownian particles undergoing Jeffery orbits.We present a new design for non-linear optically responsive molecules based on a modular scheme where a polymethinic antenna section with important two-photon absorption properties is bonded to an isomerizable actuator section composed of a stilbenyl-azopyrrole unit. Upon two photon excitation, energy migration from the antenna-localized second singlet excited state to the stilbenyl-azopyrrole section allows for efficient indirect excitation and phototransformation of this actuator.In this study, we report a facile synthesis of a novel N, S, B, and O-codoped carbon nanosphere-armored Co9S8 nanoparticle composite (Co9S8@NSBOC) and its superior activation performance toward peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for methylene blue (MB) and ofloxacin degradation. The effects of various experimental parameters and the general applicability of the catalyst were investigated. Particularly, Co9S8@NSBOC exhibited high catalytic activity in a wide pH range of 3-12 and HPO42- exhibited a synergic catalytic effect with Co9S8@NSBOC in the degradation system. Radical quenching tests, EPR measurements and electrochemical analysis demonstrated that the degradation mechanism of pollutants in the Co9S8@NSBOC/PMS system included both radical and non-radical pathways, in which ˙O2-, 1O2 and electron transfer played dominant roles. LY3214996 cell line Co2+, S2-, carbon defects, C[double bond, length as m-dash]O/C-O-C, pyridinic-N, graphitic-N, BC2O and C-S-C species on Co9S8@NSBOC, all contributed to PMS activation. The degradation pathways of MB and ofloxacin were proposed based on HPLC-MS/MS analysis of their degradation intermediates. This work not only presents a facile and practical synthetic method of cobalt sulfide-coupled multi-heteroatom-doped carbocatalysts, but also provides useful insights into their active sites and activation mechanisms toward PMS activation.Passive NOx adsorbers (PNAs) are capable of trapping NOx at low temperature and releasing the trapped NOx into the gas circuit at higher temperatures, where downstream NOx reduction catalysts are activated. Hydrocarbons have a significant effect on the performance of PNAs, nonetheless research in this area has been overlooked. Here the chemistry of NOx adsorption and desorption in the presence of C3H6 was studied. For different pore-size zeolites (BEA, MFI and CHA), the addition of C3H6 always increased the NOx adsorption capacity at a low temperature and raised the NOx desorption temperature. Spectroscopic and computational investigations were performed using the model Pd/Beta to unravel the relevant mechanism. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra indicated that more Pd+ was formed in the presence of C3H6, which contributed to higher NOx storage capacity. An intermediate Pd-NC3H6O was probed and its evolution procedure was modeled by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The results showed that a shielding effect of Pd-NC3H6O on Pd+-NO improved the NOx desorption temperature.
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