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Details without warning: phenotypic fits involving belly colour areas inside Sceloporus animals.
Results indicate that rewards intervened in the groups' gendered status hierarchy as participants were more likely to be influenced by their partners' rewards than their gender.Thousands of preventable deaths are attributed to obesity in the United States. However, the harmfulness of obesity varies across the population; individuals' education determines access to healthful resources and exposure to competing risks, dampening/amplifying obesity-associated mortality risk. Using restricted U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (N = 40,058; 1988-2015), this study estimates educational differences in mortality attributable to central obesity (waist-to-height ratio ≥0.5) - a dangerous form of abdominal adiposity. Over 30% of excess deaths are attributable to central obesity among college-educated adults, compared to 1-10% among their less-educated counterparts. This difference is larger for cardiometabolic-related mortality, as central obesity may explain 60-70% of excess deaths among college-educated adults. Decomposition analyses show differences are driven by greater obesity-associated risk among college-educated adults, rather than prevalence. Policies targeting health disparities should recognize central obesity as a key risk among highly-educated adults, but only one of many encountered by those with less education.This study examines the association between individuals' educational assortative mating and time spent on child care and housework. Focus is put on hypogamous couples, or couples in which wives have more education than their husbands. Relative resources and gender revolution frameworks are considered as contexts to explain why hypogamous couples may share their time differently than other couples. A series of ordinary least squares regressions with population and sampling weights are employed using American Time Use Survey data from 2003 to 2018. Three, separate analyses using relative education, gender, and all educational pairings as the independent variables of interest are presented with child care and housework as the dependent variables. The current findings show that men in hypogamous marriages perform about 10 min more of child care per day on average than their peers in hypergamous and homogamous marriages, and that this comes primarily from basic care activities. This accounts for approximately 43% of the difference between men and women in the average amount of time spent on child care. No clear pattern of significance is apparent comparing individuals' time spent on housework by relative education, suggesting that housework and child care have evolved differently in the context of gendered domestic responsibilities. Men in hypogamous marriages are more egalitarian in their sharing of child care. However, this is only true for couples in which men have at least a high school diploma and women are highly educated.In most mid- and high-income countries, there have been significant demographic, structural, and cultural changes in the past decades. However, we know little about how these changes have shaped women's work patterns during a key life stage the transition to motherhood. Using longitudinal data from Chile, covering over 30 years of employment histories and three periods of first births (1980-2010), I conduct sequence analysis to identify women's work-care trajectories during an eight-year period of the transition to motherhood. Over time, I find that continuous care work at home has declined, for which education plays a key role, while the chances of working continuously have not changed over time. Instead, I find an increasing trend of unsteady paths that combine paid work with either caretaking or unemployment. I discuss how these changes, as well as their association with education, have important implications for both gender and social inequality.Using nationally representative data from the High School Longitudinal Study (HSLS), I assess the oppositional culture explanation for Mexican students. First, I examine if there are differences between Mexican and White students in their academic behaviors, attitudes, and friends' academic orientation. Second, I examine if these measures account for the racial disparity in academic outcomes between Mexican and White students. The results show that there are few differences between Mexican and White students in measures of school-related behaviors, attitudes, and friends' academic orientation. The second part of the analysis suggests that, in general, these measures for behaviors, attitudes, and friends' academic orientation do not explain much of the differences in academic achievement between Mexican and White students. The findings from the study indicate that the oppositional culture explanation does not account for this disparity in achievement.In this work, we used a titanium-based metal-organic framework (MOF, Ti-MIL125-NH2) as a novel enrichment platform to detect protein kinase A (PKA) activity and to screen relevant kinase inhibitors. This method took advantage of the highly specific recognition of phosphate groups by the Ti-MIL125-NH2 nanoparticle. In the presence of PKA and adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), the fluorophore-labeled peptide substrate was phosphorylated, and the generated phosphopeptide could then specifically bind to the titanium sites of Ti-MIL125-NH2. This resulted in fluorescence enrichment, which could be efficiently detected by the system. Under optimal conditions, the method presented a linear relationship in the experimental range of 0.00005-0.01 U μL-1, and the limit of detection was 0.00003 U μL-1 (3σ, n = 11). Furthermore, protein kinase Akt1 was tested to verify the universality of this method. The method was also successfully applied in cell lysates for kinase activity analysis and inhibitor screening. Thus, the new, highly sensitive fluorescence method based on MOF for detecting PKA activity is an excellent tool that has potential applications in kinase-related disease and basic research.Herein, a kind of novel hemin-based metal organic frameworks (Fe-hemin-MOFs) with unique peroxidase-like bioactivity was developed for the first time. The synthesized Fe-hemin-MOFs exhibited satisfactory catalytic activity toward hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). When it was further supported on Chitosan-reduced graphene oxide (CS-rGO), amplified electrochemical signal could be obtained. The Fe-hemin-MOFs/CS-rGO composite was used to construct a novel H2O2 electrochemical sensor. The electrocatalytic reduction of H2O2 displayed two segments linearity range from 1 to 61 μM and 61-1311 μM, as well as a low detection limit of 0.57 μM. Furthermore, the proposed sensor was successfully used for real-time monitoring of H2O2 released from living cells, which extended the practical application of MOFs-based sensors in monitoring the pathological process in living cells.Herein, we report a rational design in preparation of natural indicator incorporated media used as a rapid, selective, sensitive and economic colorimetric biosensor for detection of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Anthocyanins obtained from red cabbage (Brassica oleracea) extract (RCE) are major components and acted as pH responsive indicators in the RCE media. The RCE media was tested for eight gram-positive, four gram-negative bacterial and one model fungal pathogens. We experimentally revealed how salt concentration and antibiotic (cefoxitin) in the RCE media influence the growth of pathogens and especially MRSA. Benefiting pH dependent color change function of anthocyanins is indispensable point of the RCE media in sensing of MRSA growth. The potential MRSA colorimetric sensing mechanism of anthocyanins relies on both protonation and decrease in electron density on structures of anthocyanins by acidic organic volatile compounds produced during growth of MRSA. The protonated anthocyanins with low electron density changed original purple color of the RCE media to pink color. We demonstrated that detection of MRSA was achieved by spectrophotometrically (one single cell) and visually with naked eyes (100 cells) in 2nd hrs and 6th hrs of incubation, respectively. We optimized concentrations of cefoxitin (from 1 μg/mL to 20 μg/mL) against MRSA and Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) bacterial cell (3 McFarland) suspensions, then growth of MRSA was visually and clearly detected in the presence of 4 μg/mL cefoxitin between 90 min and 3 h. We persistently offer that the proposed RCE media can be a well alternative to currently used phenotypic methods in clinics owing to its much rapid, sensitive, selective and economic properties.Single atom nanozymes are the artificial enzymes with enzyme-like activity, which have attracted a great deal attention in recent years due to their unique merits such as remarkable stability, excellent atom utilization and low cost. Herein, a convenient and sensitive colorimetric strategy was developed for the sensing of galactose based on Fe-N-C single-atom nanozyme (Fe-SAzyme). The Fe-SAzyme was prepared through "isolation-pyrolysis" method that exhibited intrinsic peroxidase mimicking activity, which can quickly catalyze the oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to produce blue-colored oxTMB in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Galactose can be oxidized by galactose oxidase (Gal Ox) to generate H2O2, and Fe-SAzyme can be utilized for quantitative colorimetric detection of galactose. A good linearity between absorbance and the galactose concentration in the range of 50-500 μM was obtained with a detection limit of (LOD) 10 μM. The Fe-SAzyme based colorimetric strategy offered a rapid, convenient and economic way for galactose quantification detection, which could be used as an alternative method for galactosemia diagnosis.Carboxylic acid metabolome plays vital roles in the study of pathological mechanisms about cancer. This study aimed to find potential biomarkers for colorectal cancer (CRC) using carboxylic acids profiling. However, the identification of much more carboxylic acids was limited due to poor ionization efficiency and lack of characteristic fragment ions. Derivatization-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, which contains characteristic MS/MS fragments ions, were performed for carboxylic acid metabolomics analysis in CRC serum samples. 1054 carboxylic acids were quickly and selectively identified after extraction using three characteristic fragment ions and elucidation using the most suitable CE at 30 eV. Among them, 605 carboxylic acids exhibit discriminating levels between healthy and CRC patients in training cohort. Furthermore, the differential metabolites were found to be mainly enriched in amino acid metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis and TCA cycle by MetaboAnalyst and iPath analysis. Finally, serine, glycine, and methionine were determined as the potential biomarkers after further confirmation using validation cohort and in vitro metabolic flux analysis. Bafilomycin A1 nmr The above results collectively demonstrated that a new set of carboxylic acids can be quickly and selectively discovered using characteristic fragment ions.The most commonly used technique for monitoring microbial contamination in cosmetic products is plate counting. In this contribution, headspace - gas chromatography (HS-GC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) or ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) is proposed as a technique to evaluate rapidly and accurately the state of microbial colonies in cosmetic creams using the volatile organic compounds produced by microorganisms (MVOC). The work focuses on monitoring two of the microorganisms that most frequently occur in such creams, Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus. In addition, two different types of ingredient with antimicrobial properties (a chemical preservative and a natural preservative) were added to study the behaviour of these microorganisms under different conditions. The facial creams were elaborated and inoculated with the two above microorganisms, and then sampled weekly for 4 weeks, analysing the evolution of the MVOCs by HS-GC-MS and HS-GC-IMS. In addition, microbial contamination was determined by the classical plate counting method.
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