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Apart from producing high bond strength to tooth enamel and dentin, a dental adhesive with biotherapeutic potential is clinically desirable, aiming to further improve tooth restoration longevity. In this laboratory study, an experimental two-step universal adhesive, referred to as Exp_2UA, applicable in both the etch-and-rinse (E&R) and self-etch (SE) modes and combining a primer, containing 10-methacryloyloxydecyldihydrogen phosphate as a functional monomer with chemical binding potential to hydroxyapatite, with a bioglass-containing hydrophobic adhesive resin, was multifactorially investigated. In addition to primary property assessment, including measurement of bond strength, water sorption, solubility, and polymerization efficiency, the resultant adhesive-dentin interface was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the filler composition was analyzed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and the bioactive potential of the adhesive was estimated by measuring the long-term ion release and assessing its antienzymatic and antibacterial potential. Four representative commercial adhesives were used as reference/controls. Application in both the E&R and SE modes resulted in a durable bonding performance to dentin, as evidenced by favorable 1 year aged bond strength data and a tight interfacial ultrastructure that, as examined by TEM, remained ultramorphologically unaltered upon 1 year of water storage aging. TEM revealed a 20 μm thick hydrophobic adhesive layer with a homogeneous bioglass filler distribution. Adequate polymerization conversion resulted in extremely low water sorption and solubility. In situ zymography revealed reduced endogenous proteolytic activity, while Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation was inhibited. In conclusion, the three-/two-step E&R/SE Exp_2UA combines the high bonding potential and bond degradation resistance with long-term ion release, rendering the adhesive antienzymatic and antibacterial potential.Alkali metals are ideal anodes for high-energy-density rechargeable batteries, while seriously hampered by limited cycle life and low areal capacities. To this end, rationally designed frameworks for dendrite-free and volume-changeless alkali-metal deposition at both high current densities and capacities are urgently required. Herein, a general 3D conductive Ti3C2TX MXene-melamine foam (MXene-MF) is demonstrated as an elastic scaffold for dendrite-free, high-areal-capacity alkali anodes (Li, Na, K). Owing to the lithiophilic nature of F-terminated MXene, conductive macroporous network, and excellent mechanical toughness, the constructed MXene-MF synchronously achieves a high current density of 50 mA cm-2 for Li plating, high areal capacity (50 mAh cm-2) with high Coulombic efficiency (99%), and long lifetime (3800 h), surpassing the Li anodes reported recently. Meanwhile, MXene-MF shows flat voltage profiles for 720 h at 10 mA cm-2 for the Na anode and 800 h at 5 mA cm-2 for the K anode, indicative of the wide applicability. Notably, the high current density of 20 mA cm-2 for 20 mAh cm-2 for the Na anode, accompanying good recyclability was rarely achieved before. When coupled with sulfur or Na3V2(PO4)3 cathodes, the assembled MXene-MF alkali (Li, Na)-based full batteries showcase enhanced rate capability and cycling stability, demonstrating the potential of MXene-MF for advanced alkali-metal batteries.A new self-healing triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) was fabricated by combining a temperature responsive polymer material of polycaprolactone (PCL) with flexible silver nanowires (Ag NWs), which could cope with the damages of TENGs in the long-term use of energy harvesting. Two different structured TENGs were designed to investigate their properties of self-recovery of the friction surfaces and conducting layers. When the top surface of the friction electrode is damaged, the healable PCL polymer will intenerate by heating and flow to the wound to realize the self-healing purpose. If the conductive layer at the bottom of the TENG electrode is also damaged, PCL will also drive the Ag NW network at the bottom of the electrode to move for healing during the heating process. This type of self-healing TENGs with a sandwich structure can exhibit a stable and high output performance with an output voltage of 800 V and a short-circuit current of 30 μA after several cutting-healing cycles, which can easily light up 372 commercial light-emitting diodes. This work proposes a simple and effective method to design a self-healing TENG, which has a widespread application prospect to prolong the life of TENGs for restoring the loss of output caused by rapid and repeated cutting.We report highly fluorescent cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) formed by conjugating a carboxylated zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) to two different types of CNCs. The conjugated nanocrystals (henceforth called ZnPc@CNCs) were bright green in color, and exhibited absorption and emission maxima at ~ 690 nm and ~ 715 nm respectively. The esterification protocol employed to covalently bind carboxylated ZnPc to surface hydroxyl group rich CNCs was expected to result in a monolayer of ZnPc on the surface of the CNCs. However, dynamic light scattering (DLS) studies indicated a large increase in the hydrodynamic radius of CNCs following conjugation to ZnPc, which suggests the binding of multiple ZnPc molecular layers on the CNC surface. This binding could be through co-facial π-stacking of ZnPc, where ZnPc metallophthalocyanine rings are horizontal to the CNC surface. The other possible binding mode would give rise to conjugated systems where ZnPc metallophthalocyanine rings are oriented vertically on the CNC surface. Density functional theory-based calculations showed stable geometry following the conjugation protocol that involved covalently attached ester bond formation. The conjugates demonstrated superior performance for potential sensing applications through higher photoluminescence quenching capabilities compared to pristine ZnPc.Quantitative measurements of metabolic activities of individual cells are essential to understanding questions in diverse fields in biology. To address this challenge, we present a method, termed metabolic activity phenotyping (MAP), to probe metabolic fluxes by utilizing multiplexed vibrational metabolic probes. With specifically designed single-whole-cell confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy, quantitative measurement of lipid and protein synthesis activity was achieved with high throughput (several orders of magnitude improvement over a commercial confocal system). Batimastat order In addition, metabolic heterogeneity upon various drug treatments was also revealed and evaluated at the single-cell level. We further demonstrated that MAP was more robust than the label-free Raman methods and was able to make the correct classification among diverse cancer types and breast cancer subtypes by exploring the dimension of metabolism. The capability of MAP to explore metabolic profiles at the single-cell level makes it a valuable tool for basic single-cell studies as well as other screening applications.
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