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We investigated the effects of melatonin on the onset and resolution of the oxidative stress in the cardiac muscle in melatonin-treated and nontreated rats subjected to an exhaustive exercise session. Forty male rats were divided into melatonin-treated (20 mg/kg supplemented for 10 d) and control. On the 10th day, each group was subdivided according to euthanasia moments control or melatonin-treated not exercised (C0h and M0h); immediately after the exercise (CIA and MIA); and 2 h after exercise (C2h and M2h). The heart of animals was removed and the levels of oxidative stress index (OSI) and the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), protein carbonyl, and the activities of aconitase, catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were evaluated. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and the protein expression of CAT, GPx, and SOD was also measured. Our data revealed significant differences on (i) OSI (p=.029), CAT activity (p=.016), CAT content (p less then .001), GPx content (p=.014), reduced glutathione levels (p less then .001), and aconitase activity (p less then .001) for interaction of melatonin; (ii) GPx activity (p=.005), reduced glutathione (p=.004), protein carbonyl (p=.035), and TBARS levels (p=.028) between groups, and (iii) TBARS levels (p=.016) for significance between moments. Although the exhaustive exercise protocol imposed mild oxidative stress on the cardiac tissue of rats, melatonin induced antioxidant responses that rebalanced the redox status of the cardiac tissue, especially after exhaustive exercise.
Nurses need moral courage to ensure ethically good care. Moral courage is an individual characteristic and therefore it is relevant to examine its association with nurses' socio-demographic factors.

To describe nurses' self-assessed level of moral courage and its association with their socio-demographic factors.

Quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study. The data were collected with Nurses' Moral Courage Scale and analyzed statistically.

A total of 482 registered nurses from a major university hospital in Southern Finland completed the Finnish language version of Nurses' Moral Courage Scale in autumn 2017.

Ethical approval was obtained from the university ethics committee and permission for the data collection from the participating hospital. Ethical principles and scientific guidelines were followed throughout the research process.

Nurses' self-assessed level of moral courage was rather high. On Visual Analogy Scale (0-10), the mean value was 8.20 and the mean score of the four dimensional, ld be a part of nurses' basic and continuing education thus covering its theoretical and practical learning. Rhapontigenin Since moral courage is a virtue that can be taught, learnt, and practiced, education is a relevant way to maintain and further strengthen nurses' moral courage.
The impact of peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis (PD peritonitis) on long-term outcomes is uncertain. This nationwide retrospective study was conducted in Taiwan to understand the incidence, risk factors and long-term outcomes of PD peritonitis.

A total of 11,202 incident adult peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients from 2000 to 2010 were collected from a Longitudinal Health Insurance Database and followed up until the end of 2011. Definition of peritonitis, the primary outcome, simultaneously met the diagnosis of peritonitis (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification 567) and antibiotic use. Secondary outcomes included the impact of peritonitis on PD discontinuation and survival. Cox proportional hazards models with and without time-dependent variables were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

There were 7634 peritonitis episodes in 4245 patients during the follow-up period. The overall incidence of peritonitis was 0.18 episoeritonitis incidence was low, our findings reveal that peritonitis carried acute and long-term sequelae of higher PD discontinuation and lower patient survival.
Although peritonitis incidence was low, our findings reveal that peritonitis carried acute and long-term sequelae of higher PD discontinuation and lower patient survival.
To evaluate the impact of temporal increase of female to male (FM) sex ratio for persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) on the familial risk (empiric recurrence risks or RRs) for biological relatives of affected individuals.

Detailed family histories were systematically obtained from people with MS attending the University of British Columbia Hospital MS Clinic. The study cohort was born in 1970 or more recently. Data were collected from 1 September 2015 to 31 January 2019. The study was designed to allow only one proband per family. Age-corrected RRs for biological relatives of probands were calculated based on a modification of the maximum-likelihood approach.

Data analyses were possible for 746 unique probands (531 females; 215 males) and 19,585 of their biological relatives. RRs were temporally impacted.

Both genetic sharing and environmental factors are important in determining RRs. It appears that there is an increase in MS risk due to environmental factors in later life (i.e. not shared family environment). Environmental exposures in genetically predisposed individuals might be driving the MS risk. The increase in FM ratio of RRs for sisters/brothers of female probands over time is likely due to environmental differences.
Both genetic sharing and environmental factors are important in determining RRs. It appears that there is an increase in MS risk due to environmental factors in later life (i.e. not shared family environment). Environmental exposures in genetically predisposed individuals might be driving the MS risk. The increase in FM ratio of RRs for sisters/brothers of female probands over time is likely due to environmental differences.
The global COVID-19 pandemic has increased cyber communication, causing nursing students' clinical practice to be held in cyberspace. Thus, it is essential to ensure that nursing students develop comprehensive cyber ethics awareness. Moreover, cyberbullying is becoming more widespread and is an increasingly relevant new concept.

This study aimed to assess the experiences of cyberbullying among nursing students during clinical practice and determine the effects of cyberbullying victimization and cyber environments on their cyber ethics awareness.

Data for this descriptive cross-sectional study were collected in July 2020 using a self-reported questionnaire and analyzed using hierarchical regression.

The study included data from 291 nursing students with more than 6 months of clinical experience who were enrolled in two nursing universities in two cities in South Korea.

This study was conducted after obtaining approval from the Institutional Review Board of G University. Written, informed consent was obtained from all participants.

Cyberbullying victimization experiences during clinical practice were few. The most common cyberbullies of work- and person-related cyberbullying were nurses and classmates, respectively.

Cyber ethics awareness was affected by cyber anonymity and the perceived seriousness of cyberbullying; cyberbullying related to clinical practices was a new factor that significantly affected cyber ethics awareness.

Hospitals and nursing universities should develop a multi-dimensional, comprehensive, and effective nursing intervention education program to be integrated into the nursing curriculum to enhance cyber ethics awareness and reduce cyberbullying of nursing students.
Hospitals and nursing universities should develop a multi-dimensional, comprehensive, and effective nursing intervention education program to be integrated into the nursing curriculum to enhance cyber ethics awareness and reduce cyberbullying of nursing students.Adequate sleep is an important component of cardiovascular health. Due to circadian misalignment and irregular shifts, inadequate sleep is common in shift workers. Adverse consequences include daytime sleepiness, decreased cognitive performance, increased sympathetic tone, inflammation, impaired glucose tolerance, and altered leptin and ghrelin levels. When circadian adjustment has not occurred, daytime sleepers often experience decreased sleep duration and increased wakefulness during displaced sleep; additionally, skipping sleep is common in shift workers, further contributing to sleep deprivation. Habitual decreased sleep duration and physiological changes contribute to obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and increased cardiovascular disease risk in shift workers. Shift workers with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), the most common sleep-related breathing disorder, can experience more frequent sleep disruptions than non-shift workers with OSA. Furthermore, shift work-induced circadian misalignment may potentiate cardiometabolic risk in OSA patients through autonomic nervous system dysfunction and other mechanisms.The aim of this study was to compare anthropometric measures of obesity and sleep qualities in individuals with/without social jetlag (SJL). In addition, it was aimed to compare the energy, macronutrient intake and diet qualities of individuals with/without SJL during school and non-school days. This study comprised 710 university students with mean age 21.58 ± 1.41 years. The presence of SJL was acknowledged if there was a difference of more than 1 hour between the middle of sleep time on school day and on non-school day. While the physical activity levels (PALs) of the individuals were determined with a 24-hour physical activity record, measurements such as waist circumference, neck circumference and body mass index were recorded for anthropometric measurements. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to determine the sleep quality of the individuals. Energy, macronutrients intake, and diet quality were calculated from the 24-h dietary recall of the individuals, and recorded for the school days and non-schos was increased significantly (p less then .05). In conclusion, SJL was associated with sleep loss, increased body mass index, and lowered diet quality in university students.Chronotype describes a person's general preference for mornings, evenings, or neither. It is typically conceptualized as a continuous unidimensional spectrum from morningness to eveningness. Eveningness is associated with poorer outcomes across a myriad of physical and mental health outcomes. This preference for later sleep and wake times is associated with increased risk of depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation in both clinical and community samples. However, the mechanisms underlying the negative consequences of this preference for evenings are not fully understood. Previous research has found that sleep disturbances may act as a mediator of this relationship. The present study aimed to explore the associations between chronotype and affective outcomes in a sample of students. Additionally, it aimed to investigate the potential role of insomnia as a mediator within these relationships. Participants (n = 190) completed an anonymous self-report survey of validated measures online which assessed chronotype, insomnia symptoms, and a range of affective outcomes (defeat, entrapment, suicide risk, stress, and depressive and anxious symptomology).
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