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Chylous ascites in colorectal medical procedures: A deliberate review.
Your Gene Appearance Account in the Song Control Nucleus HVC Displays Sexual intercourse Nature, Hormone Receptiveness, and Varieties Specificity Amid Songbirds.
Cochlear implant (CI) recipients are limited in their perception of voice cues, such as the fundamental frequency (F0). This has important consequences for speech recognition when several talkers speak simultaneously. This examination considered the comparison of clear speech and noise-vocoded sentences as maskers. For the speech maskers it could be shown that good CI performers are able to benefit from F0 differences between target and masker. This was due to the fact that a F0 difference of 80 Hz significantly reduced target-masker confusions, an effect that was slightly more pronounced in bimodal than in bilateral users.Directional sound fields can be generated by arrays of multiple sound sources such as loudspeaker drivers. These systems, though potentially capable of high levels of directivity control over a broad bandwidth, may prove prohibitively expensive, fragile, or impracticable in certain applications. To overcome these limitations, this paper presents an investigation into the design and limitations of a directional structural-actuator-based array. This provides an affordable and robust alternative to conventional loudspeakers, particularly when the actuators can be used to radiate via a pre-existing structure and where the required audio quality is lower, or the bandwidth somewhat limited. In the first instance, an analytical model is formulated and used to perform a simulation-based parametric study, which provides insights into the design trade-offs. Based on this study, a physical prototype is constructed using six actuators and a flat panel, which enables the model to be experimentally validated and an evaluation of the directional radiation capabilities of the proposed system to be carried out. Experiments show that a simple analytical model is an effective tool in designing such arrays, predicting the trends in the behaviour of the prototype and that the structural actuator-based system is capable of controlling directivity within its intended operational bandwidth.Phonetic convergence is linguistically and socially selective. The current study examined the constraints on this selectivity in convergence to Southern American English by non-Southern Americans in a word shadowing task. Participants were asked either to repeat the words after the model talker, to repeat the words after the model talker from Louisville, KY, or to imitate the way the model talker from Louisville, KY, said the words, in a between-subject design. Acoustic analysis of the participants' productions revealed significant phonetic convergence on word duration and back vowel fronting, but not on /aɪ/ monophthongization, across all three instruction conditions. These findings suggest social selectivity such that convergence on stereotyped variants is avoided, but convergence to a talker with a non-prestigious variety is not. A perceptual assessment of convergence confirmed the acoustic results, but also revealed significantly more convergence in the explicit imitation condition than in the two repetition conditions. These findings suggest that explicit instructions to imitate lead to greater convergence overall, but do not completely override social selectivity. A comparison of the acoustic and perceptual assessments of convergence indicates that they provide complementary insights into specific features and holistic patterns of convergence, respectively.Analysis of sound generated due to a laminar flow past a circular cylinder subjected to the mean rotation along with the rotary oscillating motion has been performed for the Reynolds number Re = 150 and the Mach number M = 0.2. The direct numerical simulation approach has been used to study modifications in the generated sound field over a range of forcing parameters using disturbance pressure field information. Flow and sound fields are accurately resolved over a nondimensional radial distance r≤100 from the center of the cylinder. Frequencies, as well as wavelengths of generated sound waves, have been effectively altered by varying the forcing frequency-ratio, whereas the directivity nature of the radiated sound field has been modified by varying the forcing amplitude-ratio. Doak's decomposition technique has been used to understand the reasons behind changes in the radiated sound fields as the forcing parameters are varied.Regional linguistic variation is a widely known characteristic of American English, with the American South as one of the many foci. However, in much of this literature, Appalachia is lumped together with other Southern varieties. Further, the vast sociolinguistic literature has documented intra-regional variation along socio-indexical lines. However, most variation studies have focused on vocalic variation at the expense of other sources of variation, which may have different patterns and meanings. The present study was designed to explore intonational variation in conversational speech in two varieties of American English Appalachian and Southern. Additionally, the intra-regional variation in intonation present in Appalachian English was explored considering the rootedness (local place-based attachment) of speakers. The results revealed significant effects of regional dialect on both the quantitative and qualitative realization of pitch accent. Further, intra-regional variation was significantly impacted by socio-indexical aspects, including rootedness, of individual speakers. The findings from this study demonstrate that both region and socio-indexical features are expressed intonationally and also provide motivation for additional exploration of intonational variation across and within the regional varieties of American English.Multiple measures of vowel overlap have been proposed that use F1, F2, and duration to calculate the degree of overlap between vowel categories. The present study assesses four of these measures the spectral overlap assessment metric [SOAM; Wassink (2006). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 119(4), 2334-2350], the a posteriori probability (APP)-based metric [Morrison (2008). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 123(1), 37-40], the vowel overlap analysis with convex hulls method [VOACH; Haynes and Taylor, (2014). J. Acoust. Favipiravir RNA Synthesis inhibitor Soc. Am. 136(2), 883-891], and the Pillai score as first used for vowel overlap by Hay, Warren, and Drager [(2006). J. Phonetics 34(4), 458-484]. Summaries of the measures are presented, and theoretical critiques of them are performed, concluding that the APP-based metric and Pillai score are theoretically preferable to SOAM and VOACH. The measures are empirically assessed using accuracy and precision criteria with Monte Carlo simulations. Favipiravir RNA Synthesis inhibitor The Pillai score demonstrates the best overall performance in these tests. The potential applications of vowel overlap measures to research scenarios are discussed, including comparisons of vowel productions between different social groups, as well as acoustic investigations into vowel formant trajectories.
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