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Hepatobiliary phenotype of an individual using long-term colon problems.
n assist in identifying the cause.Key Points• Image characteristics of FDG PET/CT in adult-onset Still's disease were described.• FDG PET/CT helps in identifying adult-onset Still's disease from the other connective tissue diseases.• FDG PET/CT imaging standard for diagnosing adult-onset Still's disease were established.A82846B, producing by Kibdelosporangium aridum, is an important precursor of the semi-synthetic glycopeptide antibiotic Oritavancin. K. aridum produces three components A82846A, B and C, so it is essential to increase A82846B titer and reduce A82846A and C titers by overexpressing halogenase and glycosyltransferase genes. Firstly, we constructed the genetically engineered strain SIPI-3927-attB harboring artificial attB site via homologous recombination. Secondly, two strains SIPI-3927-C1 and C2 were also constructed by integrating halogenase genes vcm8 and orf10 into artificial attB sites of SIPI-3927-attB, respectively. Meantime, three strains SIPI-3927-C3, C4 and C5 containing overexpressing glycosyltransferase A, B and C genes were obtained, respectively. Through fermentation analyses, the results showed that SIPI-3927-C1 and C2 could increase A82846B ratios, in which SIPI-3927-C1 showed a better performance. Moreover, the titer of SIPI-3927-C3 was highest in those of three strains. Finally, the strain SIPI-3927-C6 was constructed by integrating both orf10-encoded halogenase and orf11-encoded glycosyltransferase A, of which the yield and ratio of A82846B in shake-flask fermentation reached 1200 mg/L and 73.6%, respectively. Besides, the yield and ratio of A82846B in SIPI-3927-C6 grew up to 2520 mg/L and 86.5% in the 5-L fermenter culture, respectively. In conclusion, overexpressing orf10 gene can increase A82846B ratio,while overexpressing orf11 gene can increase A82846B titer as well. The artificial attB site is effective for inserting new genes.The essential and naturally occurring transition metal manganese (Mn) is present in the soil, water, air, and various foods. Manganese can accumulate in the brain if the Mn intake or exposure is excessive and this can result in neurotoxic effects. Manganese is important for the proper activation of different metabolic and antioxidant enzymes. There are numerous Mn importers and exporters. However, the exact transport mechanism for Mn is not fully understood. On the other hand, iron (Fe) is another well-known essential metal, which has redox activity in addition to chemical characteristics resembling those of Mn. Existing data show that interactions occur between Fe and Mn due to certain similarities regarding their mechanisms of the absorption and the transport. It has been disclosed that Mn-specific transporters, together with Fe transporters, regulate the Mn distribution in the brain and other peripheral tissues. In PC12 cells, a significant increase of transferrin receptor (TfR) mRNA expression was linked to Mn exposure and accompanied by elevated Fe uptake. In both humans and animals, there is a strong relationship between Fe and Mn metabolism. In the present review, special attention is paid to the interaction between Mn and Fe. In particular, Fe and Mn distribution, as well as the potential molecular mechanisms of Mn-induced neurotoxicity in cases of Fe deficiency, are discussed.Antioxidants had a growing interest owing to their protective roles in food and pharmaceutical products against oxidative deterioration and in the body and against oxidative stress-mediated pathological processes. read more Screening of antioxidant properties of plants and plant-derived compounds requires appropriate methods, which address the mechanism of antioxidant activity and focus on the kinetics of the reactions including the antioxidants. Many studies evaluating the antioxidant activity of various samples of research interest using different methods in food and human health have been conducted. These methods are classified, described, and discussed in this review. Methods based on inhibited autoxidation are the most suited for termination-enhancing antioxidants and for chain-breaking antioxidants, while different specific studies are needed for preventive antioxidants. For this purpose, the most common methods used in vitro determination of antioxidant capacity of food constituents were examined. Also, a selecteroxyl radical (ROO·), superoxide radical anion (O2·-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging assay, hydroxyl radical (OH·) scavenging assay, singlet oxygen (1O2) quenching assay, nitric oxide radical (NO·) scavenging assay and chemiluminescence assay are outlined and critically discussed. Also, the general antioxidant aspects of main food components were discussed by a number of methods, which are currently used for the detection of antioxidant properties of food components. This review consists of two main sections. The first section is devoted to the main components in the food and pharmaceutical applications. The second general section comprises some definitions of the main antioxidant methods commonly used for the determination of the antioxidant activity of components. In addition, some chemical, mechanistic and kinetic basis, and technical details of the used methods are given.Nanoparticles induce neurotoxicity following inhalation, oral administration, intravenous administration, or injection. Different pathways have various corresponding characteristics. Among them, the sensory nerve-to-brain pathways, which are direct neural pathways, bypass barriers such as the blood-brain barrier, which prevents the entry of the majority of nanoparticles into the brain. Subsequently, nanoparticles exert effects on sensory neuroreceptors and sensory nerves, causing central neurotoxicity. However, no studies have summarized sensory nerve-to-brain pathways for transporting nanoparticles. Here, we review recent findings on the potential sensory nerve pathways that promote nanoparticle entry into the brain, the effects of NPs on sensory receptors and sensory nerves, the central neurotoxicity induced by nanoparticles via sensory nerve pathways, and the possible mechanisms underlying these effects. In addition, the limitations of current research and possible trends for future research are also discussed. In summary, we hope that this review will serve as a reference, inspire ideas for further research into the neurotoxicity of nanoparticles, and facilitate the development of protective measures and treatment schemes for nanoparticle-induced neurotoxicity.The diagnosis of breast cancer currently relies on radiological and clinical evaluation, confirmed by histopathological examination. However, such approach has some limitations as the suboptimal sensitivity, the long turnaround time for recall tests, the invasiveness of the procedure and the risk that some features of target lesions may remain undetected, making re-biopsy a necessity. Recent technological advances in the field of artificial intelligence hold promise in addressing such medical challenges not only in cancer diagnosis, but also in treatment assessment, and monitoring of disease progression. In the perspective of a truly personalised medicine, based on the early diagnosis and individually tailored treatments, two new technologies, namely radiomics and liquid biopsy, are rising as means to obtain information from diagnosis to molecular profiling and response assessment, without the need of a biopsied tissue sample. Radiomics works through the extraction of quantitative peculiar features of cancer from radiological data, while liquid biopsy gets the whole of the malignancy's biology from something as easy as a blood sample. Both techniques hopefully will identify diagnostic and prognostic information of breast cancer potentially reducing the need for invasive (and often difficult to perform) biopsies and favouring an approach that is as personalised as possible for each patient. Nevertheless, such techniques will not substitute tissue biopsy in the near future, and even in further times they will require the aid of other parameters to be correctly interpreted and acted upon.A biomass-derived sponge-like carbonaceous aerogel was prepared through a two-step procedure, including hydrothermal carbonization and freeze-drying process. The aerogel was employed as the solvent holder for liquid-phase microextraction of organophosphorus pesticides, ethion, and chlorpyrifos (as the model compounds), prior to determination by secondary electrospray ionization-ion mobility spectrometry. The carbonaceous aerogel is an appropriate candidate to be used as the solvent holder due to some properties such as three-dimensional structure, porous nature, and very low density. So, the aerogel, including extraction solvent, can tumble on the top of the sample solution, without loss of solvent during its agitation. A comparison of the extraction efficiency was performed at similar conditions between the proposed method and single-drop microextraction, as well as hollow-fiber solvent bar microextraction. Different parameters affecting the extraction efficiency, such as stirring rate, salt concentration, temperature, and extraction time were investigated by using the response surface methodology. The linear dynamic range was in the ranges 1-30 and 1-70 μg L-1 with regression coefficients of 0.9973 and 0.9956 for ethion and chlorpyrifos, respectively. The limit of detection was 0.09 and 0.21 μg L-1 for ethion and chlorpyrifos, respectively. The method was used for extracting analytes from environmental water and vegetable samples, with the spiking recoveries in the range 80-121%. Graphical abstract Schematic representation of three-dimensional biomass-derived carbonaceous aerogel as the solvent holder in solvent bar microextraction (as a mode of the liquid-phase microextraction method). It was used for the extraction of two kinds of organophosphorus pesticides prior to the determination by ion mobility spectrometry.BACKGROUND Synchronous double cancer of the colon and stomach accompanied by liver metastasis is rare. It is often difficult to determine an appropriate treatment strategy for multiple liver metastases of synchronous gastric cancer and colorectal cancer. Multidisciplinary treatment is required based on the progression and location of each tumor and chemotherapy for complete resection. CASE PRESENTATION A 57-year-old male who complained of acute abdominal pain and fever visited his local hospital. He underwent emergent surgery for peritonitis caused by a gastric perforation. The cytodiagnosis of ascites did not show any tumor cells. There was a liver metastasis in the lateral segment of the liver. We performed a primary closure of the defect and then applied an omentum flap. After surgery, the patient was diagnosed as having synchronous cStage IV transverse colon cancer with multiple liver metastases and cStage IIB gastric cancer. The [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomogratransverse colon was ypT2 (MP) with grade 2 therapeutic effects and that there were no atypical cells in the gastric tumor and multiple liver nodules (pathological complete response). CONCLUSION The SOX plus bevacizumab regimen could be an option for controlling tumor progression in synchronous double cancer of the colon and stomach with liver metastasis and led to the complete resection of such tumors.
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