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Volume 48 of this journal has presented a series of studies evaluating clinical test measurement models. Two of these investigations reported through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) the number of factors extracted to examine the structure of the test which consists of variables associated with the same factor, the common underlying trait of which allows correlation between such variables. The EFA methodology is linked to the area of psychometrics that has driven the evaluation of latent variable models (not directly measurable), this has led to the development of new statistical models which are more robust such as the analysis of structural equations. This method is based on route analysis and multiple regression, which refers to a structural model that includes several relationships and effects between a set of variables to evaluate multiple clinical hypotheses beyond factorial analysis.Subacute necrotising encephalopathy or Leigh syndrome is a congenital neuro-metabolic disease that is part of a group of diseases called mitochondrial encephalopathies. The form inherited is variable and it has a multisystemic effect, although with a predominance of lesions in the central nervous system. Prognosis is poor and there is no specific treatment for it. In 2007, we published the case of a 23-year- old patient, with severe psychomotor agitation crises, who responded favourably to lithium1 after the failure of several previous treatments. Here, we describe the follow-up of this patient during the 5 years after discharge from hospital, until her death at 29 years of age. Her improvement was maintained, she was not hospitalised again and the patient’s level of autonomy increased. The possible relationship of this improvement to new data on the neuroprotective and neurotropic effects of lithium are discussed.In recent decades the immigrant population has increased significantly in Western countries, which not only influences the former culturally but also in their alcohol consumption patterns. The course of immigration can cause social stress, which can lead to uprooting, frustration of their expectations or marginality, which are risk factors for an increase in alcohol consumption, possibly in order to face their different problems. The aims of this study are to investigate the progression along two years of treatment of a sample of immigrant patients with Alcohol Use Disorder, to compare it with a sample of Spanish natives and to analyze the evolution of immigrant patients according to the geographical area of origin.Facial emotion recognition is considered the foundation of effective social functioning, but it has been found impaired in several clinical populations. How- ever, there are few validated tests to measure the ability. To the best of our knowledge, there is no validated measure in a Spanish population. Lipofermata cell line We translated and validated Baron Cohen’s Face Test in a general Spanish population.The emergence of COVID-19 worldwide has had serious consequences for physical and psychological health. Spain is one of the countries that has been most-seriously affected by the pandemic. This study aims to evaluate the psycho- metric properties of the Spanish version of the COVID-19 fear scale (FCV-19S), assessing its structural validity, differential item functioning, and measurement invariance by gender and age.Suicide is one of the main challenges worldwide. Every year 800,000 people die by suicide. There is evidence that life stressful events are associated to suicidal behaviour. Our aim in this case-control study is to explore their role as triggers of suicidal behaviour.
Complete resection with a clear margin is the only curative treatment for pulmonary aspergilloma. This requires a high-level technique, especially for complex aspergilloma (CA), because of patient conditions and wide dense adhesions. Fungus ball removal is used palliatively to control hemoptysis, rather than as a radical procedure, and may be performed using video-cavernoscopy as a simple and repeatable method. In this study, we examined this approach as an alternative treatment for CA.

Eight cases of fungus ball removal with video-cavernoscopy (video-cavernoscopic removal) treated at our center were retrospectively reviewed. The patient characteristics and surgical outcomes were compared with those of patients treated with one-stage radical surgery.

There were 8 subjects (7 males, 1 female; median age 65 years) in the video-cavernoscopic removal group and 25 subjects (19 males, 6 females; median age 56 years) in the one-stage radical surgery group. The video-cavernoscopic removal group had a higher rate of emphysematous lung (p = 0.001), a lower body mass index (p = 0.039), and a lower percent vital capacity (p = 0.027). All cases in this group had preoperative hemoptysis that ceased after the procedure. Video-cavernoscopic removal was less invasive based on a shorter operative time (p = 0.000), less blood loss (p = 0.002), and a lower Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events grade (p = 0.023). However, four cases in this group (50%) relapsed with a median disease-free survival period of 471.5 days.

Fungus ball removal with video-cavernoscopy is a simple technique for the prevention and control of massive hemoptysis that may be an alternative treatment for CA.
Fungus ball removal with video-cavernoscopy is a simple technique for the prevention and control of massive hemoptysis that may be an alternative treatment for CA.
Peritoneal metastases (PM) are a form of metastatic spread affecting approximately 5-15% of colon cancer patients. The attitude towards management of peritoneal metastases has evolved from therapeutic nihilism towards a more comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach, in large part due to the development of cytoreductive surgery (CRS), usually coupled with heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), along with the constant improvement of systemic chemotherapy of colorectal cancer. Several landmark studies, including 5 randomized controlled trials have marked the development and refinement of surgical approaches to treating colorectal cancer peritoneal metastases.

This review article focuses on these landmark studies and their influence in 4 key areas the evidence supporting surgical resection of peritoneal metastases, the identification and standardization of important prognostic variables influencing patient selection, the role of surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy in prevention of colorectal PM and the role of intraperitoneal chemotherapy as an adjuvant to surgical resection.
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