Notes

Perfecting Pediatric Induction Experiences Utilizing Human-centered Layout.
and validation of the dental fear scale of CFSSS-DS by the Exploratory Factorial Analysis through a model of structural equations. This means that this instrument is a trusting and valid tool to measure dental fear in the children's population of Mexico.
This retrospective study aimed to evaluate potential risk factors predicting repeated dental treatment of children under general anaesthesia.

Children below 12 years of age receiving at least one dental treatment under general anaesthesia between 03/2010 and 10/2018 were analysed (n = 935, mean age 4.6 ± 2.4). Dental records were analysed retrospectively for anamnestic, demographic, oral health and treatment factors. Kaplan-Meier statistics was used to estimate the time to second dental treatment under general anaesthesia. Potential risk factors for repeated dental treatment underwent univariate analysis using log-rank tests and were then submitted to a multi-variate Cox-regression analysis (a = 5%).

One hundred fifteen children (12.3%) received or were planned to receive repeated dental treatment under general anaesthesia. In children receiving repeated dental treatment, the time intervals between first and second general anaesthesia and second and third general anaesthesia amounted to 22 ± 18 and 23 ± 20 months, respectively. The use of fluoridated toothpaste (HR 0.28, p < 0.01) and attending 2 or more recall appointments per year (HR 0.6, p < 0.01) significantly decreased the risk for repeated dental treatment under general anaesthesia in the multivariate model.

Adherence to preventive recall appointments and to oral hygiene recommendations is essential to maintain oral health and avoid repeated dental treatment under general anaesthesia.
Adherence to preventive recall appointments and to oral hygiene recommendations is essential to maintain oral health and avoid repeated dental treatment under general anaesthesia.
In paediatric dentistry it is essentials to reduce axiety and fear induced by local anaesthetic injection, in order to obtain patient's cooperation and achieve a successful treatment. Hence, this review is aiming to primary evaluate pain perception in paediatric patients when using a computer-controlled local anaesthetic delivery system (C-CLADS) compared to traditional injection.

A database literature search was conducted on both MEDLINE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and a data extraction table was created to perform a critical evaluation of each scientific article. The primary results were the perception of pain during anaesthesia and the patient's behaviour, the secondary the amount of anaesthetic required and its duration over time.

In the review were included 7 clinical studies regarding paediatric patients where split-mouth designs or group division were used. The age range was between 5 and 17 years old. Pain and fear parameters were measured by visual analogue scales, behavided to conduct further research with anxious subjects and patients below the age of 4, where Relative Analgesia by Langa or pharmacological anxiolysis are frequently used.COVID-19, acronym of coronavirus disease 2019, is a viral infectious disease which rapidly developed as a pandemic. The aetiologic agent of COVID-19 is SARS-CoV-2, or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The 2019 coronavirus is different from SARS-CoV, but it has the same host receptor human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). SARS-CoV-2 was first discovered in 2019 in Wuhan, China, unfortunately spreading globally, resulting in the 2019-2020 pandemic, as declared by the World Health Organization (WHO). This disease started in Asia and has spread worldwide with 1,330,240 cases and 73,868 deaths at the time of writing (6th April, 2020) and many more if this disease is not contained fast. The only effective prevention methods, until a vaccine for this disease will be produced, is active testing and containment measures. This is how China, South Korea and to some extent India have been able to reduce new cases and mortality. The health care workers, especially dentists are the most vulnerable groups of people when facing this virus.The European Journal of Paediatric Dentistry (EJPD) has reached the extraordinary Impact Factor of 1.5 (Journal Citation Reports 2020 Release), passing in few years from 0.421 in 2015, when Luigi Paglia became Editor in Chief, taking over the Journal after Giuliano Falcolini. EJPD is the official journal of the Italian Society of Paediatric Dentistry (SIOI), but its scientific value and diffusion made it an authoritative reference source not only in Europe, but also worldwide. This is the result of the great work and commitment of the Editorial Board, composed by national and international experts, with the collaboration of the Managing Director Giuseppe Marzo and of the editorial staff. The prominent position that EJPD has gained in the international ranking of dental journals, where the top tier is dominated by those that mainly focus on adult patients, rewards its constant pursue of excellence of the scientific approach, giving at the same time great importance to articles dealing with everyday practice. Tung paediatric dentists-graduating from postgraduate schools and residency programmes in paediatric dentistry-with a more comprehensive approach to the practical aspects of the profession, while striving to become the global scientific reference point of maternal and child oral care, defending them from the attractive flatteries of the predatory journals.Understanding the sub-nanoscale solvation structures of ionic liquids is crucial for the development of innovative functional "devices" across numerous fields. We previously demonstrated the atomic-scale solvation measurements using an ultralow noise 3D frequency-modulation atomic force microscopy combined with molecular dynamics simulations. However, to facilitate practical applications, the molecular distribution on a heterosurface must be verified. Here, we unveil the local solvation structures on a heterogeneously charged phyllosilicate surface in an ionic liquid solution and pure liquid. By identifying adsorbed ion species from the molecular sizes and orientations, we experimentally demonstrate that anions and cations preferentially adsorbed onto the positive and negative surfaces exhibit different orientations and water miscibility. Moreover, we reveal that neutral intermediate regions are formed at the boundary region in ionic liquid media as well as a KCl solution. In the future, this technique will be essential for the evolution of ionic-liquid functional "devices".Glycosylation is crucial in cellular metabolism and survival. Of interest is the role of N-linked and O-linked glycans in disease states. Robust analytical methods must be defined to identify suitable glycan biomarkers and glyco-therapeutics. Fortunately, in N-glycan analysis, a universal enzyme exists to deglycosylate a variety of common-core structures from proteins for analysis using mass spectrometric and fluorescence techniques. Unfortunately, for their O-linked counterparts, no such enzyme exists. Furthermore, O-glycan heterogeneity is vast due to the lack of a common glycan core, making analysis challenging. As such, chemical methods are used to liberate O-glycans, however, often to the detriment of the glycan's structure due to "peeling" reactions. This review outlines approaches for O-glycan release and downstream glycomic and glycoproteomic analysis.Relatively weak red photoluminescence of carbon dots (CDots) is a major challenge on the way to their successful implementation in biological and optoelectronic devices. We present a theoretical analysis of the interaction among the surface emission centers of CDots, showing that it may determine efficiency of the red photoluminescence of CDots. Based on the previous experimental studies, it is assumed that the optical response of the CDots is determined by the molecule-like subunits of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) attached to the CDots' surface. Three characteristic types of coupling of these PAH subunits are considered non-interacting monomers, noncovalently bound dimers, and covalently bound dimers with two, three, or four carbon linkers. check details We demonstrate that the CDots' photoluminescence broadens, redshifts, and weakens by 2 orders of magnitude when the free monomers are substituted by the covalently bridged centers. These and other results of our study show that the realization of CDots with many weakly interacting surface emission centers may constitute an efficient way to achieve their efficient red photoluminescence, which is highly desirable for biological and optoelectronic applications.The localization of photogenerated electrons in photovoltaic and photocatalytic materials is crucial for reducing the electron-hole recombination rate. Here, the photogenerated electron localization is systematically investigated on the CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) perovskite using first-principles calculations. It is found that under vacuum conditions, the photogenerated electron is delocalized in the MAPbI3 bulk as well as on the stochiometric MAPbI3(001) surface with the CH3NH3I (MAI) termination, while it is trapped on the defect-free PbI2-terminated surface. Our ab initio molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the introduction of solutions will prompt the formation of localized electronic states. The photogenerated electron is discovered to be localized on both the MAI- and PbI2-terminated surfaces in the presence of solutions with different concentrations of HI, from pure water to the saturated solution. We demonstrate that the Pb-I bond weakening or breaking resulting in an unsaturated coordination of a Pb site is the prerequisite to trap the photogenerated electron.We present a novel approach to the generation of new crystalline phases, which is based on a combination of the topological description of crystal structures as a periodic net and the extended Zintl-Klemm concept, which establishes the structural relations between chemically and structurally simpler and more complex inorganic compounds. With this approach, we have explored the structural similarities between all known binary sulfides, selenides, and the corresponding simple sulfates and selenates and have theoretically revealed seven new high-pressure phases in the last two groups of compounds. Using density functional theory methods, we have studied the thermodynamic and mechanical stability of the new phases, have adjusted the transition pathways in the sulfate and selenate systems, and have revealed new structural correlations of the baric polymorphism in these systems. The advantages of the topological approach compared to conventional methods of modeling crystal structures are discussed and illustrated.An accurate description of electron-ion interactions in materials is crucial for our understanding of their equilibrium and nonequilibrium properties. Here we assess the properties of frictional forces experienced by ions in noncrystalline metallic systems, including liquid metals and warm dense plasmas, that arise from electronic excitations driven by the nuclear motion due to the presence of a continuum of low-lying electronic states. To this end, we perform detailed ab initio calculations of the full friction tensor that characterizes the set of friction forces. The non-adiabatic electron-ion interactions introduce hydrodynamic couplings between the ionic degrees of freedom, which are sizable between nearest neighbors. The friction tensor is generally inhomogeneous, anisotropic, and nondiagonal, especially at lower densities.
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