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Influence on Bile Chemical p Levels through Alveolar Echinococcosis along with Therapy together with Albendazole within Rodents.
BACKGROUND Lower limb malalignment in the frontal plane is one of the major causes of developing knee osteoarthritis. Growing children can be treated by temporary hemiepiphysiodesis when diagnosed with lower limb malalignment. RESEARCH QUESTION Is there a difference between medial or lateral knee contact force (KCF) before (PRE) and after (POST) hemiepiphysiodesis in patients with valgus malalignment and compared to a typically developed control group (TD)? Does a linear relationship exist between the static radiographic mechanical axis angle and dynamic medial/lateral KCF? METHODS In this prospective study, an OpenSim full body model with an adapted knee joint was used to calculate KCFs in the stance phase of 16 children with diagnosed genu valgum and 16 age- and sex-matched TDs. SPM was applied to compare KCFs before and after guided growth and to test a linear relationship between the mechanical axis angle and KCFs. RESULTS After the intervention, POST revealed a significantly increased medial KCF (p  less then  0.001, 4-97 % of stance) and decreased lateral KCF (p  less then  0.001, 6-98 %) compared to PRE. Comparing POST with TD, short phases with a significant difference were found (medial p = 0.039, 84-88 %; lateral p = 0.019, 3-11 %). The static mechanical axis angle showed a longer phase of a significant relation to KCFs for POST compared to PRE. SIGNIFICANCE This study showed that temporary hemiepiphysiodesis in patients with valgus malalignment reduces the loading in the lateral compartment of the knee and thus the risk of developing osteoarthritis in this compartment. The determination of dynamic KCFs can be clinically relevant for the treatment of lower limb malalignment, especially for decision making before surgery, when compensatory mechanisms may play an important role. Additionally, the static radiographic mechanical axis angle does not necessarily represent the dynamic loading of the lateral knee compartment. We aimed to study the correlations between gray matter volume and the motor subscores of NSS in first-episode psychosis patients with both, whole brain and region of interest analyses. The structural MRIs of 81 first-episode psychosis patients were analyzed by using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) for SPM. PDE inhibitor NSS were assessed using the Heidelberg scale. Significant decreases of gray matter volume were correlated to high NSS total scores and, more specifically, frontal, subcortical and cerebellar areas were significantly correlated with increased scores of the subscores Motor Coordination (MoCo) and Complex Motor Tasks (CMT). When applying a stricter statistical correction, only the frontal gyrus and caudate nucleus survived for MoCo; whereas the precentral and superior frontal gyri survived for CMT. When doing regional analyses, using as masks the structures deemed as significant by the whole brain analyses and applying the FWE-correction, the superior frontal gyrus, thalamus and caudate nucleus correlated negatively with MoCo; and the precentral and superior frontal gyri, thalamus and caudate nucleus showed inverse correlations with CMT. These results suggest that cerebral cortex, subcortical structures (thalamus and striatum) and cerebellum are inversely correlated to both motor NSS subscores, the first time a study describes this relationship for all the relevant structures simultaneously. For its part, ROI proves to be effective demonstrating that subcortical structures (thalamus and caudate) are the most affected by motor NSS. There has been a growing interest in the abnormality of networks across the brain in major depressive disorder (MDD). We aimed to investigate the structural covariance networks in patients with first-episode and drug-naïve MDD using structural imaging. A total of 77 patients with first-episode and drug-naïve MDD and 79 healthy subjects (HS) were recruited, from whom high-resolution T1-weighted images were analysed. Incident component analysis was used to calculate the brain networks based on grey matter volume covariance. There were significant differences in salience network, medial temporal lobe network, default mode network and central executive network between MDD and HS (p less then 0.05). Further, the disturbance of medial temporal lobe network was significantly correlated with the severity of depressive symptoms (p less then 0.05). In conclusion, we found a novel abnormality in the brain network in the medial temporal lobe primarily involving the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus in patients with first-episode and treatment-naïve MDD. Aluminum hypophosphite (AHP) is a high-efficiency phosphorus-based flame retardant with high P content, which is widely used in Polyamide 6 (PA6). However, AHP releases phosphine gas (PH3) at high temperatures, which is highly toxic to human's health and environment. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have porous structure exhibiting high performance in gas adsorption. Therefore, mesoporous iron (III) carboxylate [MIL-100 (Fe)] was synthesized in this work and employed to study the adsorption capacity of toxic PH3 in PA6/AHP composite during processing. AHP was combined with melamine cyanurate (MCA) and MIL-100 (Fe) followed by blending with PA6 to prepare PA6 composites (PA6/MA and PA6/MAF). PA6/MAF with the weight ratio of 55 performed well in inhibiting the release of PH3 during the processing of composite as well as the accelerated thermal experiment devised by our group. Besides, PA6/MAF (55) showed relatively low fire hazard reflected by the reduction of the peak of heat release rate of PA6 composite from 962 to 260 kW/m2 compared with that of pure PA6 in the cone calorimeter test, and MIL-100 (Fe) along with MCA also presented synergistic effect in suppressing the emission of carbon monoxide. The subtle selection of MOFs herein has the potential to be used as a promising synergist for hazardous gases released from polymer composites to improve the occupational and fire safety in the society. We developed an innovative single-step pyrolysis approach that combines microwave heating and activation by CO2 or steam to transform orange peel waste (OPW) into microwave activated biochar (MAB). This involves carbonization and activation simultaneously under an inert environment. Using CO2 demonstrates dual functions in this approach, acting as purging gas to provide an inert environment for pyrolysis while activating highly porous MAB. This approach demonstrates rapid heating rate (15-120 °C/min), higher temperature (> 800 °C) and shorter process time (15 min) compared to conventional method using furnace (> 1 h). The MAB shows higher mass yield (31-44 wt %), high content of fixed carbon (58.6-61.2 wt %), Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) surface area (158.5-305.1 m2/g), low ratio of H/C (0.3) and O/C (0.2). Activation with CO2 produces more micropores than using steam that generates more mesopores. Steam-activated MAB records a higher adsorption efficiency (136 mg/g) compared to CO2 activation (91 mg/g), achieving 89-93 % removal of Congo Red dye.
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