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Dopaminergic Exercise throughout Antipsychotic-Naïve Patients Assessed Using Positron Engine performance Tomography Before Incomplete Dopamine D2 Receptor Agonist Treatment: Association With Psychotic Signs or symptoms along with Treatment Reaction.
The Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Fasudil is a promising drug for a disease-modifying therapy of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In preclinical models, Fasudil was shown to increase motor neuron survival, inhibit axonal degeneration, enhance axonal regeneration and modulate microglial function in vitro and in vivo. It prolonged survival and improved motor function of SOD1-G93A-mice. Recently, a phase IIa clinical trial has been commenced to investigate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of Fasudil in ALS patients at an early stage of disease (ROCK-ALS trial, NCT03792490, Eudra-CT-Nr. 2017-003676-31). Although Fasudil has been approved in Japan for many years for the treatment of vasospasms following subarachnoid hemorrhage and is known to have a favorable side effect profile in these patients, there is no data on its use in human patients with ALS or any other neurodegenerative conditions. Here, we report the first three cases of compassionate use of Fasudil in patients with ALS. Between May 2017 and February 2019, one male (66 years old) and two female (62 and 68 years old) subjects with probable or definite ALS according to the El Escorial criteria (one of the females having a pathogenic SOD1 mutation) were administered Fasudil 30 mg intravenously twice daily over 45 min on 20 consecutive working days. Blood pressure, heart rate and routine laboratory tests were constantly controlled. All three subjects tolerated the Fasudil infusions well without any obvious side effects. Interestingly, the slow vital capacity showed a significant increase in one of the patients. Taken together, we report here the first compassionate use of the ROCK inhibitor Fasudil in three ALS patients, which was well-tolerated. Copyright © 2020 Koch, Kuttler, Maass, Lengenfeld, Zielke, Bähr and Lingor.[This corrects the article DOI 10.3389/fneur.2019.00367.]. Copyright © 2020 Groeschel, Holmström, Northam, Tournier, Baldeweg, Latal, Caflisch and Vollmer.The human body has a large, diverse community of microorganisms which not only coexist with us, but also perform many important physiological functions, including metabolism of dietary compounds that we are unable to process ourselves. Furthermore, these bacterial derived/induced metabolites have the potential to interact and influence not only the local gut environment, but the periphery via interaction with and modulation of cells of the immune and nervous system. This relationship is being further appreciated every day as the gut microbiome is researched as a potential target for immunomodulation. A common feature among inflammatory diseases including relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) is the presence of gut microbiota dysbiosis when compared to healthy controls. However, the specifics of these microbiota-neuro-immune system interactions remain unclear. Among all factors, diet has emerged as a strongest factor regulating structure and function of gut microbial community. Phytoestrogens are one cdiseases. selleck kinase inhibitor Copyright © 2020 Cady, Peterson, Freedman and Mangalam.Background Functional (psychogenic) movement disorders often have distinguishable clinical features in the orofacial region. Tonic mandibular deviation accompanying ipsilateral downward and lateral lip pulling is the most common phenotype seen in patients with facial functional movement disorders. However, functional movement disorders in the stomatognathic system are underrecognized. Objective This study aimed to evaluate clinical characteristics and phenomenology in patients with functional movement disorders in the stomatognathic system. Methods Ten-item inclusion criteria (point range 0-10) for functional movement disorders in the stomatognathic system was produced, based on previously established criteria for functional movement disorders and general signs of functional facial dystonia, to determine subject inclusion. The criteria included inconsistency, incongruence, and paroxysm in symptoms; rapid onset; distractibility; suggestibility; static course; spreading to multiple sites; spontaneous remission;ments (27.6%), which fluctuated in speed and direction. Conclusion In 58 patients with functional movement disorders in the stomatognathic system, the functional dystonia phenotype was observed in 44.8%. Furthermore, 27.6% of patients showed the most characteristic type of functional stomatognathic movement disorders very fast repeated jaw and/or lingual movements. Copyright © 2020 Yoshida.Objectives To clarify the frequency of wearing-off phenomenon (WO) and the validity of the Chinese version of the 9-item wearing-off questionnaire (CWOQ-9) in WO identification in this large population. Methods Parkinson's patients treated with antiparkinsonian medications were consecutively recruited into this observational, cross-sectional investigation. Patients completed the CWOQ-9 prior to the independent clinician assessment. Results A total of 1,385 patients were included in the analysis. The mean age was 69.7 ± 9.5 years and the mean disease duration was 5.8 ± 4.7 years. Clinicians identified WO in 763 patients, with an overall prevalence of 55.1%. In patients within 1 year of disease duration, clinicians diagnosed WO in eight patients, with a percentage of 12.9%. With the disease progression, the WO frequency gradually increased to 76.2% in patients with 10-15 years of disease duration. Then, it slowly decreased at a longer disease duration. The occurrence of WO was closely associated with the disease duration, H&Y staging, and levodopa daily dose. CWOQ-9 identified 1,071 patients (1071/1398, 77.33%) that had WO-related symptoms. The mean CWOQ-9 score was 3.4 ± 1.6. CWOQ-9 corresponded with clinician assessments of WO in 734 of 763 cases; clinicians disagreed with the CWOQ-9 considering the presence of WO in 337 of 1,071 cases. The sensitivity and specificity of CWOQ-9 were 96.2 and 45.8%, respectively. Conclusions WO occurred frequently at the early and middle stage of PD. CWOQ-9 was qualified as a pre-visiting screening tool for clinicians to better identify WO. Copyright © 2020 Wan, Yuan, Hou, Chen, Wang, Gao, Wang, Jin and Liu.
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