Notes

1.trans-Atlantic exchanges
2..Greater independence and diversity of
thought
3..The expansion of Protestant evangelism
4.Economic and political difficulties
in Germany and Ireland
5.The Northeast
6.An upsurge in nativist sentiment
7.The emergence of an industrialized
economy
8.women should focus on the home and the
domestic sphere
9.The formation of voluntary organizations
and reform efforts
10. Supporters of the Fifteenth Amendment
11.British government’s attempt to assert
greater control over the North
American colonies
12.The ideas of the Enlightenment
13.The relatively limited powers of the
Articles of Confederation
14. Segregationists in southern states
temporarily closed many public schools
in an effort to resist the decision.
15. promote greater racial justice
16.Decisions defining individual rights and
protections, such as Miranda v. Arizona
17.Plessy v. Ferguson, which endorsed racial
segregation laws
18.placed restrictions on immigration by
national origin, ethnicity, and race
19.social tensions emerging from the First
World War
20.Census data showing the changing
percentages of the foreign-born
population from 1920 to 1930
21.restraining communist military power and
ideological influence
22. bolster noncommunist nations, particularly
in Europe
23.Assertions of U.S. opposition to communism
24.An increase in Progressive reform activity
25.the growing gap between rich and poor
26.Government should act to eliminate the
worst abuses of industrial society.
27.The idea that government should preserve
wilderness areas in a natural state
28.increasing usage and exploitation of
western landscapes
29.Preservationists concerned about overuse
of natural resources
30.controversy regarding support for the
revolutionary government of France
31.The refusal to join the League of Nations
in 1919
32.Democratic-Republicans
33.involvement in the Second World War
34.improving diets and thereby stimulating
population growth
35.The population decline in Native American
societies
36.The phenomenon known as the Columbian
Exchange
37.The orientation of the British colonies
toward producing commodities for export
to Europe
38.An increase in conflicts between British
settlers and American Indians
39. growth of social tensions between
backcountry settlers and coastal elites
40.Southern landowners
41.Many slaves engaged in forms of
resistance to slavery
42.increased sectional divisions between the
North and the South
43.The role that appeals and advertising
played in encouraging men and women to
participate in colonization efforts
44.The New England colonies were based
on both agriculture and commerce.
45.The process of readmitting Confederate
states
46.The establishment of sharecropping
throughout the South
47.Republicans grew weary of pressing their
Reconstruction agenda in a hostile
environment
48.arguing to expand the role of the United
States in the world
49.overcome opposition to participation in the
impending Second World War
50.United States membership in an
international peacekeeping body
51.convince women that they had an essential
role in the war effort
52.wartime mobilization of United
States society
53.Feminist challenges to sexual norms
in the 1970s
54.The enactment of welfare reform to restrict
benefits and encourage self-reliance
55.Ronald Reagan