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While it is the most common thoracic venous anomaly, a persistent left vena cava superior may present in atypical variations, which are important to consider during clinical management.

Here we report a 35-year-old Caucasian female patient with drainage into the left atrial appendage who presented with shortness of breath accompanied by mild hypoxemia. Venous contrast filling in the context of pulmonary scintigraphy suspected an additional superior caval vein connected to the left atrial appendage. Diagnosis was confirmed by transesophageal echocardiography. Cardiac catheterization revealed a minor right-to-left shunt. The symptoms could be allocated to a bronchial asthma and treated according to guidelines. Cerebral lesions detected in the patient were due to a coincident multiple sclerosis rather than cerebral embolisms. Thus, the venous anomaly was classified as an incidental finding currently requiring no treatment.

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a persistent left vena cava superior draining into the left atrial appendage.
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a persistent left vena cava superior draining into the left atrial appendage.
Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome is an exceedingly rare thrombotic microangiopathy caused by accelerated activation of the alternative complement pathway.

Here, we report two cases of patients presenting with suspected atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome precipitated by coronavirus disease 2019 infection. The first patient, a 25-year-old Hispanic male, had one prior episode of thrombotic microangiopathy presumed to be atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome precipitated by influenza A, and re-presented with thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, nonoliguric renal failure, and normal ADAMTS13 activity, with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 positivity. The second patient, a 31-year-old Caucasian female, had no personal history of thrombotic microangiopathy, though reported a family history of suspected atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. She presented with similar laboratory derangements, oliguric renal failure requiring hemodialysis, and confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 positivity. Both patients were treated with eculizumab with complete resolution of their hematologic and renal complications.

To our knowledge, this represents the largest case series of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome precipitated by coronavirus disease 2019 in adults.
To our knowledge, this represents the largest case series of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome precipitated by coronavirus disease 2019 in adults.
The bacterial leaf pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (Pst) is the most popular model pathogen for plant pathology research. Previous methods to study the plant-Pst interactions rely on destructive quantification of Pst colonisation, which can be labour- and time-consuming and does not allow for spatial-temporal monitoring of the bacterial colonisation. Here, we describe a rapid and non-destructive method to quantify and visualise spatial-temporal colonisation by Pst in intact leaves of Arabidopsis and tomato.

The method presented here uses a bioluminescent Pst DC3000 strain that constitutively expresses the luxCDABE operon from Photorhabdus luminescens (PstLUX) and requires a common gel documentation (Gel Doc) system with a sensitive CCD/CMOS camera and imaging software (Photoshop or Image J). By capturing bright field and bioluminescence images from PstLUX-infected leaves, we imaged the spatiotemporal dynamics of Pst infection. Analysis of bioluminescence from live Pst bacteria over a 5-day time co and labour than conventional methods that are based on destructive sampling of infected leaf material. Furthermore, in contrast to conventional strategies, our method provides additional information about the spatial-temporal patterns of Pst colonisation.
We present a non-destructive method to quantify colonisation by bioluminescent PstLUX in plants. Using a common Gel Doc system and imaging software, our method requires less time and labour than conventional methods that are based on destructive sampling of infected leaf material. Furthermore, in contrast to conventional strategies, our method provides additional information about the spatial-temporal patterns of Pst colonisation.
Colon cancer (CC) is treatable if detected in its early stages. Improved CC detection assays that are highly sensitive, specific, and available at point of care are needed. In this study, we systematically selected and tested methylated markers that demonstrate high sensitivity and specificity for detection of CC in tissue and circulating cell-free DNA.

Hierarchical analysis of 22 candidate CpG loci was conducted using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) COAD 450K HumanMethylation database. Methylation of 13 loci was analyzed using quantitative multiplex methylation-specific PCR (QM-MSP) in a training set of fresh frozen colon tissues (N = 53). Hypermethylated markers were identified that were highest in cancer and lowest in normal colon tissue using the 75th percentile in Mann-Whitney analyses and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) statistic. The cumulative methylation status of the marker panel was assayed in an independent test set of fresh frozen colon tissues (N = 52) using conditions defined andolon cancer in both developed and underdeveloped regions of the world, enabling optimal use of limited resources in low- and middle-income countries.
We identified high performance methylated DNA marker panels for detection of CC. This knowledge has set the stage for development and implementation of novel, automated, self-contained CC detection assays in tissue and blood which can expeditiously and accurately detect colon cancer in both developed and underdeveloped regions of the world, enabling optimal use of limited resources in low- and middle-income countries.
Swallowing impairment (dysphagia) following brain injury can lead to life-threatening complications such as dehydration, aspiration pneumonia and acute choking episodes. In adult therapeutic practice, there is research and clinical evidence to support the use of swallowing exercises to improve swallowing physiology in dysphagia; however, the use of these exercises in treating children with dysphagia is largely unexplored. Fundamental questions remain regarding the feasibility and effectiveness of using swallowing exercises with children. This review aims to outline the published literature on exercise-based treatment methods used in the rehabilitation of dysphagia secondary to an acquired brain injury across the lifespan. This will allow the range and effects of interventions utilised to be mapped alongside differential practices between adult and child populations to be formally documented, providing the potential for discussions with clinicians about which rehabilitative interventions might be appropriate that of a paediatric population in order to formally identify and discuss the therapeutic gaps in child dysphagia rehabilitation. The results will inform the next stage of research, looking into the current UK-based speech and language therapy practices when working with children with acquired dysphagia.

Open science framework osf.io/ja4dr.
Open science framework osf.io/ja4dr.
This paper describes theeducation and case management profileof sports chiropractors with the Federation of International Sports Chiropractors (FICS) postgraduate qualification International Chiropractic Sport Science Practitioner (ICSSP). The ICSSP is the predominant international sports chiropractic qualification.

A cross-sectional survey, carried out between 22/10/2014 and 22/12/2014,was utilized with a 39-item web-based survey examining practitioner,practiceand clinical management characteristics, and was distributed via email to all sports chiropractors who held an ICSSP qualification(n = 240) in 2014.

Thesurveyresponse rate was 64% (n = 154). 36% ofchiropractorswere aged between 31 and 40years, just over three quarters were male, and 27% had been in practice for 5-10years. The majority of respondents were based in North America. All sports chiropractors surveyedreported treating neuromusculoskeletal conditions outside of the spine. 91% utilized a multimodal approach in most of their treatments, prive and passive strategies), and referring to and co-managing with other health practitioners.
Firearms are the most lethal method of suicide and account for approximately half of all suicide deaths nationwide. We describe associations between firearm purchasing characteristics and firearm suicide.

Data on all legal handgun transactions in California from 1996 to 2015 were obtained from the California Department of Justice Dealer's Record of Sale database. Doxorubicin in vivo Handgun purchasers were linked to mortality data to identify those who died between 1996 and 2015. To account for variation in timing and duration of observation time, analyses were stratified by birth cohort. The primary analysis focused on those aged 21-25 in 1996. A secondary analysis tested associations among those aged 50-54 in 1996. Using incidence density sampling, purchasers who died by firearm suicide (cases) were each gender-matched to 5 purchasers (controls) who remained at risk at the case's time of death. We examined the characteristics of purchasers and transactions, focusing on the transaction closest in time to the case's death. Data were analyzed with conditional logistic regression.

There were 390 firearm suicides among the younger cohort and 512 firearm suicides among the older cohort. Across both cohorts, older age at first purchase and the purchase of a revolver were associated with greater risk of firearm suicide. For example, among the younger cohort, those who purchased a revolver versus semiautomatic pistol had 1.78 times the risk of firearm suicide (95% CI 1.32, 2.40) in multivariable models. Other associations varied across cohorts, suggesting cohort or age effects in purchasing patterns.

Findings add to the evidence on firearm suicide risk and may help inform prevention strategies and future research.
Findings add to the evidence on firearm suicide risk and may help inform prevention strategies and future research.Clustering of joint single-cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq) data is often challenged by confounding factors, such as batch effects and biologically relevant variability. Existing batch effect removal methods typically require strong assumptions on the composition of cell populations being near identical across samples. Here, we present CIDER, a meta-clustering workflow based on inter-group similarity measures. We demonstrate that CIDER outperforms other scRNA-Seq clustering methods and integration approaches in both simulated and real datasets. Moreover, we show that CIDER can be used to assess the biological correctness of integration in real datasets, while it does not require the existence of prior cellular annotations.
Schizophrenia is a persistent psychotic disorder often accompanied by severe disability and premature mortality. New pharmacological treatments are urgently needed. Sodium benzoate, a common food preservative holds potential to be an effective, accessible treatment for schizophrenia, though the optimal dosing and mechanism of action of the compound requires further investigation.

Individuals with persistent treatment-refractory schizophrenia (n=52) will be recruited. Patients will be randomised in a 1111 ratio to receive treatment of one of three active doses (1000, 2000 or 4000 mg daily) of sodium benzoate or placebo for 6 weeks duration. The primary outcome measurement is change in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score. Secondary outcome measurements are PANSS subscales, Global Assessment of Function (GAF), Clinical Global Impression (CGI) and Patient Global Impression (PGI-I). Change in concentrations of peripheral amino acids (D-alanine, L-alanine, D-serine, L-serine, glycine and glutamate), plasma sodium benzoate, plasma catalase, 3-nitrotyrosine, malondialdehyde and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) will be determined as tertiary measures.
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