Notes

Improving anaerobic digestive system process along with addition of conductive materials.
In turn, future focus was positively related to proactive career behavior, which was subsequently related to lower cognitive job insecurity. Thus, while replicating the finding that workers can proactively manage their cognitive job insecurity, we also showed that initial affective job insecurity may obstruct people's cognitive functioning. We discuss how our results signal a Matthew effect, in which job insecure people with sufficient means are able to look ahead and proactively build resources to change their career, while job insecure people with insufficient means may fall behind.Even though gossip is a ubiquitous organizational behavior that fulfils important social functions (e.g., social bonding or emotion venting), little is known about how workplace gossip and its functions unfold in situ. To explore the dynamic nature and social embeddedness of workplace gossip, we develop a behavioral annotation system that captures the manifold characteristics of verbal gossip behavior, including its valence and underlying functions. We apply this system to eight elderly care team meetings audio- and videotaped in the field, yielding a sample of N = 4,804 annotated behaviors. On this empirical basis, we provide first insights into the different facets and functions of workplace gossip in real-life team interactions. By means of lag sequential analysis, we quantify gossip patterns that point to the temporal and structural embeddedness of different types of workplace gossip expressions. Everolimus Though exploratory, these findings help establish workplace gossip as a dynamic conversational event. We discuss future interdisciplinary research collaborations that behavioral observation approaches offer.In an environment characterized by high unemployment rates among people with disabilities, the objective of the present work is to analyze entrepreneurship as a labor option which fully inserts people with intellectual disabilities (PwID) into their societies. In order to carry out this research, a case study methodology based on social network analysis has been adopted, given the nature of the variables analyzed. The results indicate that the fact of having managed to start up the company has been an important source of self-confidence and inspiration, as well as increasing and intensifying the social networks of PwID involved in the entrepreneurial project.In the last decade, published data on the performance of Colombian students have concerned educators and researchers, making critical reading one of the priorities of Colombian education. That is why this article presents the results of a study carried out in a Latin American university in which the perceptions of students and professors are analyzed regarding the strategies and textual genres used to work and cross-evaluate the advanced reading comprehension (ARC). This study is materialized in the application of an ad hoc online questionnaire, in its two versions (students and teachers), designed through Survey Monkey. For this, it has the participation of 182 teachers and 2,775 students. There are several trends in the use of specific textual strategies and typologies to work and evaluate ARC, by both, depending on the department of assignment. The evidence found is provided and evaluated considering the implications for cross-curricular instruction and assessment in higher education in Latin America, including study limitations and prospects for overcoming them.Behavioural studies demonstrate alterations in cognitive functioning, particularly impaired response inhibition and increased attentional bias towards food in binge eating disorder (BED). This pilot study aimed to investigate the neurophysiological processing of a food-specific inhibition training combined with anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in 16 patients with BED (mean age = 38.6, mean BMI = 33.7 kg/m2). Patients performed a food-specific antisaccade task at baseline (T0) and in a cross-over design with verum vs. sham stimulation at T1 and T2. We investigated (i) event-related potentials (ERPs; N2, ERN and P3 amplitudes) while executing the task at baseline, (ii) whether baseline ERPs would predict task performance at T1 and T2 and (iii) associations between ERPs, eating disorder pathology and impulsivity at baseline. The mean amplitude of N2 was less pronounced in erroneous saccades (ES) than correct saccades (CS), whereas ERN and P3 mean amplitudes were more pronounced in ES. Moreover, the P3 mean amplitude of ES predicted the percentage of ES at both follow up-measurements irrespective of the applied stimulation (sham vs. verum). N2 in trials with correct saccades were negatively correlated with nonplanning trait impulsivity, while P3 in erroneous antisaccade trials was negatively correlated with food-related impulsivity. Overall, the findings of reduced ERN, enhanced P3 and N2 amplitude might be interpreted as difficulties in response inhibition towards food in individuals with BED. In particular, P3 predicts task outcome at follow-up and might represent a potential marker for inhibitory control processes.Interoception is an often neglected but crucial aspect of the human minimal self. In this perspective, we extend the embodiment account of interoceptive inference to explain the development of the minimal self in humans. To do so, we first provide a comparative overview of the central accounts addressing the link between interoception and the minimal self. Grounding our arguments on the embodiment framework, we propose a bidirectional relationship between motor and interoceptive states, which jointly contribute to the development of the minimal self. We present empirical findings on interoception in development and discuss the role of interoception in the development of the minimal self. Moreover, we make theoretical predictions that can be tested in future experiments. Our goal is to provide a comprehensive view on the mechanisms underlying the minimal self by explaining the role of interoception in the development of the minimal self.The present study aims to enrich the research on online entrepreneurship education, improve the level and ability of entrepreneurship services in China, and improve the overall success rate of entrepreneurship. Based on the technology acceptance model (TAM) proposed by researcher Davis, the study explores the application of TAM in online entrepreneurship education for new entrepreneurs. First, new entrepreneurs who are users of the online entrepreneurship education platform are selected as research objects, and then the influence of the four factors are studied, including perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, classroom self-efficacy, and perceived external control. Finally, the hypothesis proposed is tested. Results show that online entrepreneurship education influences the perceived ease of use of the user and perceived credibility the quality of the online entrepreneurship education has a positive impact on the user's perceived usefulness, interactivity has a positive influence on perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness, and interactivity positively influences the perceived ease of use of the user and perceived credibility. Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and perceived credibility have a positive impact on the behavioral intention of the users. The proposed TAM provides some technical and theoretical support for the application of TAM in online entrepreneurship education for new entrepreneurs.Existing research has mainly examined the role of cognitive correlates of early reading and mathematics from a stationary perspective that does not consider how these skills unfold and interact over time. This approach constraints the interpretation of cross-domain associations and the specificity of domain-specific covariates. In this study, we disentangle the role of these predictors and investigate cross-domain associations between reading, math, and two related domain-specific predictors (phonological awareness and fluency with number sets) over the kindergarten years (n=512, Mage=54months, SDage=3.5, 52% females). Results reveal that the overlap between reading and math skills changes over development. Reciprocal associations between reading and math abilities are observed at earlier stages; then, reading abilities become the lead force. Findings also show that phonological awareness and fluency with number sets are domain-specific predictors that do not contribute to cross-domain gains in academic skills. Indeed, there is a trend for domain-specific skills to be more strongly related to achievement at the beginning of formal education than at the beginning of kindergarten, which suggests an increasing differentiation of domains over the kindergarten years. Such findings have implications for the timing and nature of interventions that aim to support children's reading and mathematical development.This study examined the potential benefits of shared reading with a child on adult readers' mood. In two experiments, young adults were randomly assigned to either read storybooks with a child or to read the same books aloud alone. In both experiments, readers experienced more positive emotions than those who read the story aloud alone. In Experiment 1, the level of interactivity between the reader and child also positively correlated with readers' experience of positive emotions. In Experiment 2, participants who read with a child aligned their own book preferences with those of the child. Overall, participants preferred the longer and more complex storybook as it gave more opportunities for the reader and child to interact. These findings support the hypothesis that simple read-aloud experiences are not only positive for children, but have the potential to also positively impact the mood of adult readers who share books with a child.Facial expression recognition plays a crucial role in understanding the emotion of people, as well as in social interaction. Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) have been repeatedly reported to be impaired in recognizing facial expressions. This study aimed to investigate the confusion effects between two facial expressions that presented different emotions and to compare the difference of confusion effect for each emotion pair between patients with MDD and healthy controls. Participants were asked to judge the emotion category of each facial expression in a two-alternative forced choice paradigm. Six basic emotions (i.e., happiness, fear, sadness, anger, surprise, and disgust) were examined in pairs, resulting in 15 emotion combinations. Results showed that patients with MDD were impaired in the recognition of all basic facial expressions except for the happy expression. Moreover, patients with MDD were more inclined to confuse a negative emotion (i.e., anger and disgust) with another emotion as compared to healthy controls. These findings highlight the importance that patients with MDD show a deficit of sensitivity in distinguishing specific two facial expressions.Background Chinese square dance has become well known worldwide in recent years, and most participants are women who dance with a group in their communities. In particular, middle-aged women may have physical and mental health problems, and participating in square dance may increase women's positive subjective well-being and decrease their negative emotions, which may improve their health over the long term. In addition, participating in square dance can promote group cohesion. Our study aimed to examine the relationship between the subjective exercise experience of participating in square dance and group cohesion and whether some variables (e.g., age, education, duration, income level, and work) play a role as mediators in the association with subjective exercise experience and group cohesion. Methods In total, 1,468 Chinese women from 31 provinces and 82 cities participated in this study by completing an online questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of a subjective exercise experience questionnaire and a group environment questionnaire.
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