Notes

Rabbit microbiota throughout the entire body exposed by simply 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing.
AIM The trauma-psychosis cycle proposes an interactive relationship between impaired developmental and cognitive trajectory, childhood trauma exposure, and increased risk for psychosis. This study explored how childhood trauma (CT) and atypical development (AD) impact clinical course in an early psychosis cohort. METHODS A retrospective chart review of behavioural and clinical research data was conducted with individuals ages 12 to 40 (N = 508; 72.4% males) evaluated by an early psychosis program. RESULTS CT exposure was associated with earlier onset of full threshold psychosis, more hospitalizations, higher ratings of negative symptoms, and increased likelihood of engaging in suicidal behaviour. AD alone was associated with earlier onset of psychosis symptoms, higher ratings of negative symptoms and greater likelihood of engaging in non-suicidal self-injury. The combination of CT and AD was associated with the earliest symptom onset and poorest psychosocial functioning. CONCLUSIONS The findings contribute to our understanding of heterogeneity in the early psychosis population and highlight the specific risk factors that could be targets in treatment. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.AIM Mullerian duct anomalies (MDA) are common female genital tract malformations. Genetic and environmental factors are important causes of MDA in women. Although many genes and mutations have been found to be associated with the pathogenesis of MDA, in most cases, the genetic pathogenic factors of MDA are still unknown. METHODS We first analyzed the three sisters using low coverage whole-genome sequencing. Then whole-exome sequencing was carried out in each patient. The identified sequence variant was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. In silico pathogenicity analysis and conservative analysis of the mutation site were also performed. Protein structural modeling was used to analyze the effect of the mutated amino acid. RESULTS We first analyzed the three sisters with septate uterus using low coverage whole-genome sequencing, but no possible pathogenic copy number variation was found. Then whole-exome sequencing was performed on the three sisters, and a rare homozygous variant, CDC42BPBc.2012G>Ap.R671Q, was identified. All three patients were found with this variant. Sanger sequencing validated that this variant was segregated within the family. In silico pathogenicity analysis and conservative analysis of the mutation site suggested that the variant might be damaging. Protein structural analysis suggested that R671Q might weaken the electrostatic potential of this region, which may be a significant regulation target or protein interaction surface of CDC42BPB. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that CDC42BPB genetic variant might be potentially associated with the pathogenesis of MDA. © 2020 Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology.AIM Nasal high-flow oxygen therapy is increasingly used in infants for supportive respiratory therapy in bronchiolitis. It is unclear whether enteral hydration is safe in children receiving high-flow. METHODS We performed a planned secondary analysis of a multi-centre, randomised controlled trial of infants aged less then 12 months with bronchiolitis and an oxygen requirement. Children were assigned to treatment with either high-flow or standard-oxygen therapy with optional rescue high-flow. We assessed adverse events based on how children on high-flow were hydrated intravenously (IV), via bolus or continuous nasogastric tube (NGT) or orally. RESULTS A total of 505 patients on high-flow via primary study assignment (n = 408), primary treatment (n = 10) or as rescue therapy (n = 87) were assessed. While on high flow, 15 of 505 (3.0%) received only IV fluids, 360 (71.3%) received only enteral fluids and 93 (18.4%) received both IV and enteral fluids. The route was unknown in 37 (7.3%). Of the 453 high-flow infants hydrated enterally patients could receive one or more methods of hydration; 80 (15.8%) received NGT bolus, 217 (43.0%) NGT continuous, 118 (23.4%) both bolus and continuous, 32 (6.3%) received only oral hydration and 171 (33.9%) a mix of NGT and oral hydration. None of the patients receiving oral or NGT hydration on high-flow sustained pulmonary aspiration (0%; 95% confidence interval N/A); one patient had a pneumothorax (0.2%; 95% confidence interval 0.0-0.7%). CONCLUSIONS The vast majority of children with hypoxic respiratory failure in bronchiolitis can be safely hydrated enterally during the period when they receive high-flow. © 2020 Paediatrics and Child Health Division (The Royal Australasian College of Physicians).PURPOSE Although polypharmacy in younger populations is a growing public health concern, most studies addressing polypharmacy focus on elderly populations. Thus, polypharmacy is not yet well understood in younger populations. METHODS Baseline data from the Maule Cohort (MAUCO) (adults aged 38-74 years) were used to study the prevalence of polypharmacy and associated participant characteristics using logistic and zero-inflated negative binomial regressions. Factors studied include age, sex, self-rated health, education, smoking, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and other chronic conditions. RESULTS Polypharmacy was reported by 10% of participants overall, with higher prevalence among older (≥60 years) vs middle aged ( less then 60 years) participants (overall 20.9% vs 6.0%, P less then .0001; for those reporting any medication use 30.2% vs 15.9%, P less then .0001). Middle-aged adults reported different patterns of medication use by polypharmacy status, while older adults reported similar medication use patterns regardless of polypharmacy. Diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, hypothyroidism, and osteomuscular diseases were significantly associated with polypharmacy. Analyses also revealed that there are MAUCO participants who are potentially being undertreated for conditions like depression. CONCLUSIONS Research into medication use among younger and middle-aged adults and development of possible tools to deprescribe medications in this population are warranted. find more However, it is important that patients who need treatment receive it, and so both potential overtreatment and undertreatment need further study in this population. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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