Notes

Discussion among stretchers, cryoprotectants as well as Orvus Ations Stick supplementation as well as snowy price regarding ejaculation cryopreservation in the dromedary camel.
Real-time monitoring of cellular-level changes inside the body provides key information regarding disease progression and therapy assessment for critical care including cancer therapy. Current state-of-the-art oncological imaging methods impose unnecessary latencies to detect small cell foci. Invasive methods such as biopsies, on the other hand, cause disruption if deployed on a repeated basis. Therefore, they are not practical for real-time assessments of the tumor tissue. This work presents a proof-of-concept design for an implantable fluorescence lensless image sensor to address the pervasive challenge of real-time tracking of the immune response in immunotherapy. The 2.4x4.7 mm2 integrated circuit (IC) prototype consists of a 36 by 40 pixel array, a laser driver and a power management unit harvesting power and transferring 11.5 kbits/frame through a wireless ultrasound link while implanted 2 cm deep inside the body. Compared to prior art, this is the first full-fledged wireless system implementing chip-scale fluorescence microscopy to the best of our knowledge.Clinical relevance- This prototype can be used to personalize immunotherapy for the 50% of cancer patients who do not initially respond to the therapy.Removing patient cables from the hospital environment, through the use of wireless sensors, improves hygiene, convenience and standard-of-care [1] [2]. In the drive to eliminate cable clutter, vital signs monitoring (VSM) is "going wireless." This, in turn, is driving a trend for battery powered VSM sensors such as Saturation of Peripheral Oxygen (SpO2), Blood Pressure (BP), and Electro-cardiogram (ECG) sensors with a resultant demand for ultra-low-power circuits and algorithms. The architecture of the optical SpO2 pulse oximeter, which measures blood oxygenation and heartrate, is described with a focus on the drivers and contributors to system power. Two concepts for reduction of power in the pulse oximeter are explored. Firstly, an algorithm which modulates LED current according to the instantaneous heartbeat pulse phase is demonstrated in hardware and software. Secondly, an inductor centric LED driver, which provides the power efficiency of a switched mode current source and the system accuracy of a linear current source is introduced with feasibility demonstrated by circuit and system simulation.Clinical Relevance- The techniques discussed enable longer battery life for the SpO2 wireless VSM which, in turn, improves hygiene, convenience and, most importantly, mobility of the patient in the clinical setting.Pulse oximetry is a common measure of patient health due to the correlation between peripheral oxygen saturation and arterial oxygen saturation. Current clinical grade pulse oximeters operate in transmittance mode and therefore must be placed on extremities such as the fingers, restricting patient mobility. Reflectance mode pulse oximeters are widely used in consumer applications, but lack the accuracy and precision required in clinical settings. In this paper, a novel wavelength-division differential detection technique is proposed which allows for a microwave-sensing based approach to reflectance mode pulse oximetry. The theory of microwave wavelength-division differential detection is given, then evaluated using a full-wave simulation of a wearable setup. The theoretical results demonstrate that wavelength-division differential detection produces a signal proportional to changes in the blood's dielectric characteristics but is dependent on the distance from sensor to target. Full-wave results confirm that wavelength-division differential detection may provide an avenue for a more accurate reflectance mode pulse oximetry measurement using microwave near-field sensing.The growing cancer burden necessitates the development of cost-effective solutions that provide rapid, precise and personalised information to improve patient outcome. The aim of this study was to develop a novel, Lab-on-Chip compatible method for the detection and quantification of DNA methylation for MGMT, a well-established molecular biomarker for glioblastoma, with direct clinical translation as a predictive target. A Lab-on-Chip compatible isothermal amplification method (LAMP) was used to test its efficacy for detection of sequence-specific methylated regions of MGMT, with the method's specificity and sensitivity to have been compared against gold-standards (MethyLight, JumpStart). Our LAMP primer combinations were shown to be specific to the MGMT methylated region, while sensitivity assays determined that the amplification methods were capable of running at clinically relevant DNA concentrations of 0.2 - 20 ng/µL. For the first time, the ability to detect the presence of DNA methylation on bisulfite converted DNA was demonstrated on a Lab-on-Chip setup, laying the foundation for future applications of this platform to other epigenetic biomarkers in a point-of-care setting.The body sway during standing displays fractal properties that can possibly describe motion complexity. This study aimed to use the Higuchi's fractal dimension (HFD) and Tortuosity on lower back accelerations recorded on younger ( 64 y). One wearable sensor was secured on participants lower back (i.e., fifth lumbar vertebra), which were asked to perform three different postural tasks while standing barefoot as still as possible with and without performing a visual oddball task. Results of HFD and Tortuosity, applied to global anterior-posterior and medial-lateral accelerations of the body, were not dependent from signal amplitude, nor from any parametrization and allowed distinguishing between different postural tasks (p less then 0.001). The proposed fractal analysis is promising to describe the complexity of postural control in both younger and older adults, paving the way to a wider use in pathological populations.In this article, a solution to detect the change of behaviour of the elderly person based on the person's activities of daily living is proposed. This work is based on the hypothesis that the person attaches importance to a rhythmic sequence of days and activities per day. The day of the elderly person is described by a succession of activities, and each activity is associated to a posture (lying down, sitting, standing, absent). Postures are estimated from image analysis measured by thermal or depth cameras in order to preserve the anonymity of the person. The change in posture succession is calculated using the minimum edit distance with respect to the routine day. The number of permutations/inversions reflects the change in the person's behaviour. The method was tested on two elderly persons recorded by thermal and depth cameras during 85 days in a retirement home. It is shown that for a person with a life change behaviour, the average number of permutations and interquartile range, before and after changes, are 41 [28], [48] and 57 [55-62] respectively compared to the learned routine day. The Wilcoxon test confirmed the significant difference between these two periods.Clinical Relevance- Monitoring the daily routine provides indicators for detecting changes in the behaviour of an elderly person.Sonomyography refers to the measurement of muscle activity with an ultrasonic transducer. It is a candidate modality for applications in diagnosis of muscle conditions, rehabilitation engineering and prosthesis control as an alternative to electromyography. We propose a mechanically-flexible piezoelectric sonomyography transducer. Simulating different components of the transducer, using COMSOL Multiphysics® software, we analyze various electromechanical parameters, such as von Mises stress and charge accumulation. Our findings on modelling of a single-element device, comprised of a PZT-5H layer of thickness 66µm, with a polymer substrate (E = 2.5 GPa), demonstrate optimal flexibility and charge accumulation for sonomyography. The addition of Polyimide and PMMA (Polymethyl methacrylate) as an acoustic matching layer and an acoustic lens, respectively, allowed for adequate energy transfer to the medium, whilst still maintaining good mechanical properties. In addition, preliminary ultrasound transmission simulations (200 kHz to 30 MHz) showed the importance of the aspect ratio of the device and how there is a need for further studies on it. The development of such a technology could be of great use within the healthcare sector, not only due to its ability to provide highly accurate and varied real-time muscle data, but also because of the range of applications that could benefit from its use.Ballistocardiogram (BCG) is an emerging tool with the potential to monitor heart failure (HF) patients. SCH772984 A close association of the weight to the BCG as an intermediate signal source requires a careful design, where events such as saturation of the weight signal can result in the loss of the BCG. This work closely examined the factors around the weight while load cells placed under each support of a bed collected the BCG (e.g., body weight, distribution over the four supports of the bed). Following the calibration of weights based on the location of the polls, the study examined the ratios of loads in head-foot and lateral directions. The head-foot ratio was also correlated to the height. Twelve non-obese HF patients were recruited, and the weight and BCG were appropriately measured, where the average error of the weight measurements was 0.45 ± 0.30%. The mean ratio of the loads between head to foot sensors was 3.2 ± 0.7 with a maximum ratio of 4.5, showing that the head-ward sensors supported greater body weight. The ratio of the loads between the right to left sensors was 1.2 ± 0.1. The height and the head-to-foot ratio had an inverse correlation (r = 0.52). Based on the analysis, the head-ward sensors should have a higher capacity of up to three times that of the foot-ward sensors to prevent any signal saturation. Mobility issues were observed in some subjects, attributing to the lateral imbalance. These novel findings based on the end-users (i.e., HF population) may allow better allocation of conditioning resources to obtain the BCG (e.g., optimally adjusted sensitivity).Developments in wearable technologies created opportunities for non-invasive joint health assessment while subjects perform daily activities during rehabilitation and recovery. However, existing state-of-art solutions still require a health professional or a researcher to set up the device, and most of them are not convenient for at-home use. In this paper, we demonstrate the latest version of the multimodal knee brace that our lab previously developed. This knee brace utilizes four sensing modalities joint acoustic emissions (JAEs), electrical bioimpedance (EBI), activity and temperature. We designed custom printed-circuit boards and developed firmware to acquire high quality data. For the brace material, we used a commercial knee brace and modified it for the comfort of patients as well as to secure all electrical connections. We updated the electronics to enable rapid EBI measurements for mid-activity tracking. The performance of the multimodal knee brace was evaluated through a proof-of-concept human subjects study (n=9) with 2 days of measurement and 3 sessions per day. We obtained consistent EBI data with less than 1 Ω variance in measured impedance within six full frequency sweeps (each sweep is from 5 kHz to 100 kHz with 256 frequency steps) from each subject. Then, we asked subjects to perform 10 unloaded knee flexion/extensions, while we measured continuous 5 kHz and 100 kHz EBI at every 100 ms. The ratio of the range of reactance (ΔX5kHz/ΔX100kHz) was found to be less than 1 for all subjects for all cycles, which indicates lack of swelling and thereby a healthy joint. We also conducted intra and inter session reliability analysis for JAE recordings through intraclass correlation analysis (ICC), and obtained excellent ICC values (>0.75), suggesting reliable performance on JAE measurements. The presented knee brace could readily be used at home in future work for knee health monitoring of patients undergoing rehabilitation or recovery.
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