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Combination Thio-Stabilized Rare metal Nanoparticles with regard to Near-Infrared Fluorescence Diagnosis and also Imaging associated with Activated Caspase-3.
22 × 105; max 7.50 × 107) showed a statistically significantly lower total bacterial load in comparison to both group IV (median 2.02 × 108 CFU; min 5.14 × 107; max 4.51 × 108; p less then 0.05) and group III (median 4.58 × 107 CFU; min 2.00 × 106; max 3.06 × 108; p less then 0.05). Both subgingival air-polishing powders investigated can reduce periopathogenic bacteria and thus support antimicrobial therapy approaches in periodontal treatment regimens.An increase in human and veterinary fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli is a global concern. In this study, we isolated fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli isolates from companion animals and characterized them using molecular epidemiological analysis, multiplex polymerase chain reaction to detect E. coli ST131 and CTX-M type extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL), and multi-locus sequence typing analysis. Using plain-CHROMagar ECC, 101 E. coli isolates were isolated from 34 rectal swabs of dogs and cats. The prevalence of resistance to fluoroquinolone and cefotaxime was 27.7% and 24.8%, respectively. The prevalence of fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates (89.3%) was higher when CHROMagar ECC with CHROMagar ESBL supplement was used for E. coli isolation. The prevalence of cefotaxime resistance was also higher (76.1%) when 1 mg/L of ciprofloxacin-containing CHROMagar ECC was used for isolation. The cefotaxime-resistant isolates possessed CTX-M type β-lactamase genes (CTX-M-14, CTX-M-15, or CTX-M-27). Seventy-five percent of fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates were sequence types ST131, ST10, ST1193, ST38, or ST648, which are associated with extensive spread in human clinical settings. In addition, we isolated three common fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli lineages (ST131 clade C1-M-27, C1-nM27 and ST2380) from dogs and their respective owners. These observations suggest that companion animals can harbor fluoroquinolone-resistant and/or ESBL-producing E. coli, in their rectums, and that transmission of these isolates to their owners can occur.
Overuse and misuse of antibiotics contribute unnecessarily to antibiotic resistance (ABR), and are thereby global health threats. Inappropriate prescriptions of antibiotics during pregnancy, delivery and early childhood are widespread across the world. This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes, and reported practices of healthcare providers (HCPs) and to explore their perceptions regarding antibiotic use and ABR related to pregnancy, childbirth, and children under two in Lao PDR.

This is a mixed methods study with data collection in 2019 via structured interviews among 217 HCPs (medical doctors/assistant doctors, midwives/nurses, pharmacists/assistant pharmacists and drug sellers), who prescribed/dispensed antibiotics in one rural and one urban district in Vientiane province and individual qualitative interviews with 30 HCPs and stakeholders.

Of the HCPs, 36% had below average knowledge regarding antibiotic use and ABR, and 67% reported prescribing antibiotics for uncomplicated vaginal delivery. Half of the HCPs did not believe that their prescribing contributed to ABR, and only 9% had participated in antibiotic education.

A substantial number of HCPs had suboptimal knowledge and prescribed antibiotics unnecessarily, thereby contributing to ABR. Continuous education and regular supervision of HCPs is recommended to improve the use of antibiotics related to pregnancy, childbirth, and young children.
A substantial number of HCPs had suboptimal knowledge and prescribed antibiotics unnecessarily, thereby contributing to ABR. Continuous education and regular supervision of HCPs is recommended to improve the use of antibiotics related to pregnancy, childbirth, and young children.The development of microbial resistance requires a novel approach to control microbial infection. This study implies the microbial synthesis of nanometals and assessment of their antivirulent activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Streptomyces isolate S91 was isolated from soil with substantial ability for growth at high salts concentrations. The cell-free supernatant of S91was utilized for the synthesis of Au-NPs and Se-NPs. The 16S rRNA sequence analysis of Streptomyces S91 revealed that S91 had a high similarity (98.82%) to Streptomyces olivaceous. The biosynthesized Au-NPs and Se-NPs were characterized using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The quorum sensing inhibitory (QSI) potential of Au-NPs and Se-NPs and the antivirulence activity was examined against P. aeruginosa. The QSI potential was confirmed using RT-PCR. The synthesized Au-NPs and Se-NPs were monodispersed spherical shapes with particle size of 12.2 and 67.98 nm, respectively. Au-NPs and Se-NPs eliminated QS in P. aeruginosa at a concentration range of 2.3-18.5 µg/mL for Au-NPs and 2.3-592 µg/mL for Se-NPs. In addition, Au-NPs and Se-NPs significantly inhibited QS-related virulence factors, such as pyocyanin, protease and, elastase in P. aeruginosa. At the molecular level, Au-NPs and Se-NPs significantly suppressed the relative expression of QS genes and toxins. Hence, the biosynthesized Au-NPS and Se-NPS could be substantial inhibitors of QS and virulence traits of P. aeruginosa.Mastitis represents a heavy burden for the dairy sector worldwide with high economic and animal welfare impact. Antibiotic treatment is an important component of mastitis control programs. However, emergence and transfer of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria is becoming a growing concern. Therefore, the development of novel agents is required for prevention and treatment of mastitis. Hence, our aim was to assess the antibacterial properties of two essential oils (EOs) obtained from oregano (Origanum vulgare L., Lamiaceae) and mountain savory (Satureja montana L., Lamiaceae) against mastitis-associated bacteria in Serbia. The chemical composition and antioxidant potential of these EOs were also evaluated. The present study was conducted on strains derived from aseptic milk samples collected from Holstein-Friesian cows with clinical or subclinical mastitis, during the morning milking. Clinical mastitis was assessed by clinical examination, while subclinical mastitis was confirmed using somatic cell count in the milk samples. The microdilution method was used to determine the antibacterial activity, while antioxidant potential of the EOs was evaluated in several in vitro assays. The values of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were used to quantitatively measure the antibacterial activity of each EO. MIC/MBC ranged from 0.78/6.25 and 0.39/0.78 mg/mL for oregano and mountain savory, respectively. A total of 25 compounds were identified in the oregano EO, while 47 were identified in winter savory EO, among which aromatic oxygenated monoterpenes were the most abundant compounds. The tested EOs have shown promising antimicrobial activity and could be considered as one of the treatment approaches in mastitis-affected cows.Background Infections caused by antibiotic resistance pose a serious global health threat, undermining our ability to treat common infections and deliver complex medical procedures. Antibiotic misuse, particularly in low--middle-income countries, is accelerating this problem. Aim The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the use and misuse of antibiotics in dentistry in India. Method We included studies carried out on Indian populations evaluating the prescription of prophylactic or therapeutic antibiotics by dental practitioners or other healthcare providers, along with antibiotic self-medication by the general population. The primary outcome measure was prescription rate/use of antibiotics for dental/oral problems. The secondary outcome measures included indications for antibiotic use in dentistry, their types and regimens, factors influencing practitioners' prescription patterns and any differences based on prescriber and patient characteristics. Multiple databases were searched with no restrict diseases, with inappropriate use therapeutically and prophylactically, the use of broad spectrum and combination antibiotics not recommended by WHO, and self-medication by the general population. There is an urgent need for targeted stewardship programmes in this arena.The main objectives of the present study were to determine the occurrence of coagulase positive staphylococci (CPS) and to assess the presence and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Staphylococcus aureus isolates in different raw milk origin (cow and sheep) traditional cheeses marketed in Banat region, Romania. Additionally, the presence of mecA gene in S. aureus isolates and the staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) in cheese samples were evaluated. A total of 81.6% (138/169) of the screened samples were positive for CPS. Furthermore, 35.5% (49/138) of the investigated CPS positive cheese samples were contaminated with S. aureus, with an isolation frequency of 46.6% (14/30) in caș, 33.3% (32/96) in telemea, 25% (2/8) in burduf, and 25% (1/4) in urdă assortments, respectively. From the total number of S. aureus isolates, 6.1% (3/49) harbored the mecA gene. Detectable levels of SEs were identified in 4.3% (4/94) of cheese samples with a CPS contamination level higher than 105 log CFU g-1. The expressed antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the tested cheese-origin S. aureus isolates, with the automated Vitek 2 equipment, showed resistance towards amikacin (90.1%, 10 out from 11 tested), enrofloxacin (86.2%, 25/29), ceftiofur (72.7%, 8/11), neomycin (63.6%, 7/11), benzylpenicillin (53.1%, 26/49), kanamycin (41.4%, 12/29), rifampicin (39.5%, 15/38), tetracycline (38.8%, 19/49), tilmicosin (36.4%, 4/11), clindamycin (30.6%, 15/49), ciprofloxacin (30%, 6/20), erythromycin (22.4%, 11/49), tylosin (18.2%, 2/11), oxacillin (16.3%, 8/49), linezolid (15%, 3/20), teicoplanin (15%, 3/20), fusidic acid (13.1%), imipenem (10.5%, 4/38), vancomycin (7.9%, 3/38), ampicillin (5.5%, 1/18), mupirocin (5.5%, 1/18), fosfomycin (5%, 1/20), and gentamicin (4.1%, 2/49). Twenty-four (49%) S. CX5461 aureus isolates exhibited multidrug resistance. The investigation highlighted a common occurrence of multidrug-resistant S. aureus strains in the monitored cheese assortments, which can constitute a potential risk for consumers' health.Rapid and accurate detection can help optimize patient treatment and improve infection control against nosocomial carbapenemase-producing organisms (CPO). In this study, a total of 217 routine clinical isolates (Enterobacterales and A. baumannii), including 178 CPOs and 39 non-CPOs, were tested to evaluate the performance of six phenotypic carbapenemase detection and classification assays, i.e., BD Phoenix CPO detect panel, Rapidec Carba-NP, O.K.N detection kit, and three carbapenem inactivation methods (CIMs; mCIM, eCIM, sCIM). The overall detection sensitivity and specificity were 98.78% (95.21-99.79%) and 79.49% (63.06-90.13%), respectively, for the BD phoenix CPO P/N test; 91.93% (86.30-95.45%) and 100% (88.83-100%), respectively, for the Rapidec Carba-NP; 98.06% (94.00-99.50%) and 97.44% (84.92-99.87%), respectively, for mCIM; and 96.89% (92.52-98.85%) and 94.87% (81.37-99.11%), respectively, for sCIM. The classification sensitivity and specificity for the BD phoenix CPO Ambler test, the O.K.N detection kit, and the mCIM and eCIM were 56.
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