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Cannabis use in the United States has been steadily increasing. Much more is known about cannabis users in states where recreational cannabis is legal, compared to states yet to legalize. Further, there is little information known about reasons for cannabis use during critical maternal and child health periods. To address this gap, we examined cannabis use among New Hampshire women during the preconception, prenatal, and postpartum periods, and explored reasons for use. We analyzed data from the 2016-2017 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) in the Spring of 2020. For women delivering a live-born infant, PRAMS collects behavior and experience data before, during, and after pregnancy. Using data from New Hampshire, we estimated the weighted prevalence of self-reported cannabis use during the preconception, prenatal, and postpartum periods, and reasons for use during each period. Of the 1147 women included in the analysis, 16.8% (unweighted n = 186) reported preconception cannabis use, 5.5% (unweighted n = 68) reported prenatal cannabis use, and 6.6% (unweighted n = 73) reported postpartum cannabis use. About one-fifth (20.3%) of women who reported cannabis use reported use during all three periods. The top reason for cannabis use during preconception and postpartum was for stress or anxiety relief (64.88% and 73.06, respectively), and during the prenatal period was for its' antiemetic properties (84.1%). Our findings support that women's healthcare providers should screen patients for cannabis use, addressing underlying reasons (e.g., mental health issues, nausea/vomiting) for use as part of the screening process.Despite strong evidence for health benefits from active travel, levels remain low in many countries. Changes to the physical and social workplace environment might encourage active travel but evaluation has been limited. We explored associations between changes in the physical and social workplace environment and changes in commute mode over one year among 419 participants in the Commuting and Health in Cambridge study. In adjusted analyses, an increase in the presence of one physical characteristic (e.g. bicycle parking or shower facilities) was associated with a 3.3% (95% confidence interval 1.0-5.6) reduction in the proportion of commutes by private motor vehicle and a 4.4% (95% CI 1.2-7.7) increase in the proportion of trips including active modes among men. These associations were not seen in women. A change to a more favourable social environment for walking or cycling among workplace management was associated with an increased proportion of commutes including active modes in women (4.5%, 95% CI 1.4-7.5) but not men. However, in both genders a change to more a favourable social environment for cycling among colleagues was associated with a reduced proportion of commutes by exclusively active modes (-2.8%, 95% CI -5.0 to -0.6). This study provides longitudinal evidence for gender differences in the associations between workplace environment and commute mode. A more supportive physical environment was associated with more active commuting in men, while the social environment appeared to have more complex associations that were stronger among women.School meals are a major source of dietary intake for low-income students at high obesity risk. Associations between added sugar and obesity are well known, and the National School Lunch Program prohibits added sugar in fruit and juice; yet, no added sugar limits exist for other meal components. This study measured students' added sugar selection and consumption in school lunches and compared % of daily calories consumed from added sugar to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) recommendations. In October 2016, this cross-sectional study was conducted in six Virginia Title I elementary schools (>90% racial/ethnic minorities; 100% free meals). Digital imagery plate waste methods assessed lunch consumption in N = 1155, 1st-5th graders. Added sugar (g, %kcal) in foods and beverages selected and consumed were quantified, and kcal of added sugar consumed was compared to DGA recommendations. Students consumed an average 6.6 g of added sugar from foods (grade differences; q = 0.0012), and 3.6 g of added sugar from beverages. Added sugar comprised ~10% of school lunch calories consumed from foods and ~35% of school lunch calories consumed from beverages. Added sugar in the total school lunch meal comprised ~2.5% of student's recommended daily calorie needs; thus, ~7.5% of daily calories from added sugar remained before students would have exceeded the DGA. MIK665 price Total added sugar consumption was within daily DGA recommendations. Findings contribute to previous reports that school-provided lunches are low in added sugar. Future research should examine added sugar consumed in school breakfast and lunch separately and combined.[This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101167.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101157.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101160.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101165.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101116.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101102.].[This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.pmedr.2019.100857.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101057.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.pmedr.2019.100948.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.pmedr.2019.100991.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101098.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.10.024.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.pmedr.2019.100866.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101053.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.02.009.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.pmedr.2019.100825.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.11.008.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.pmedr.2019.100962.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.09.015.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101103.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.pmedr.2019.101018.].To mimic the charge separation in functional proteins we studied flavin-modified peptides as models. They were synthesized as oligoprolines that typically form a polyproline type-II helix, because this secondary structure supports the electron transfer properties. We placed the flavin as photoexcitable chromophore and electron acceptor at the N-terminus. Tryptophans were placed as electron donors to direct the electron transfer over 0-3 intervening prolines. Spectroscopic studies revealed competitive photophysical pathways. The reference peptide without tryptophan shows dominant non-specific ET dynamics, leading to an ion pair formation, whereas peptides with tryptophans have weak non-specific ET and intensified directed electron transfer. By different excitation wavelengths, we can conclude that the corresponding ion pair state of flavin within the peptide environment has to be energetically located between the S1 and S4 states, whereas the directed electron transfer to tryptophan occurs directly from the S1 state.
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