Notes

The possible Use of Mesenchymal Come Tissues as well as their Derived Exosomes for Orthopaedic Diseases Remedy.
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To assess the quality of YouTube videos on meningioma treatment.

A search was performed on YouTube using the keywords "meningioma treatment," "meningeal tumor treatment," "meningioma brain tumor treatment," "meningioma cure," and "meningioma therapy." Sixty-one videos were independently evaluated by 2 fifth-year medical students using the DISCERN scoring system for quality analysis. Quantitative data such as video length, source of upload, and popularity and their associations with DISCERN scores were also evaluated.

The mean total DISCERN score was 36.4. Approximately a third of YouTube videos were classified as very poor, 32.8% as poor, 11.5% as fair, 16.4% as good, and 4.9% as excellent. The question "Does the video refer to areas of uncertainty?" obtained the lowest score (2.0), and the question "Does the video describe how each treatment works?" obtained the highest score (3.0). Videos authored by a health information channel had the highest mean total DISCERN score (46.7, standard deviation= 14.6). Videos had significantly higher DISCERN scores if they included information about the symptoms of meningioma, risk factors during treatment, prognosis, or included animations and diagrams. DISCERN scores were moderately positively correlated with duration of videos and referrers and moderately negatively correlated with number of channel subscribers, video power index, and average daily views.

The information content on meningioma treatment in YouTube videos was generally poor. The impact of inaccurate YouTube videos on patients' understanding of meningioma treatment must be recognized by health care professionals.
The information content on meningioma treatment in YouTube videos was generally poor. The impact of inaccurate YouTube videos on patients' understanding of meningioma treatment must be recognized by health care professionals.
Benign osseous tumors of the spine in children are a rare cause for surgery. The aim of this study is to describe our experience with resection of pediatric benign osseous spine tumors using a minimally invasive technique through a variety of surgical approaches.

A retrospective review of prospectively collected data of pediatric patients who underwent minimally invasive resection of a benign osseous vertebral tumor from May 2013 through November 2018 was performed. Primary outcome measures included the extent of resection and pain resolution. Secondary outcomes included postoperative spinal instability evaluated by standing scoliosis x-rays and tumor recurrence evaluated by periodic follow-up magnetic resonance imaging scans.

Our study group comprised 8 children, 3 males and 5 females, with a mean age of 12.2 years. The average follow-up period was 4.3 years. Complete removal of tumors was achieved in all cases and was verified by follow-up magnetic resonance imaging scans. There were no procedure-related complications. The average duration of surgery was 70 minutes, and the blood loss was less than 20 cc in all cases. The average inpatient length of stay was 1.6 days. Histopathology revealed osteoid osteoma in 6 patients and osteoblastoma in 2 patients. Average improvement of the pain scores was from 8 to 0.8. At the time of this report, no tumor recurrence was evident in all 8 patients and none of the cases developed spinal deformity.

Our limited experience suggests that the minimally invasive technique is a valuable option for the surgical management of selected benign osseous spinal tumors in children.
Our limited experience suggests that the minimally invasive technique is a valuable option for the surgical management of selected benign osseous spinal tumors in children.
To study the 24-hour expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in synaptic and extrasynaptic neurons expressing N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), and normal neuronal cultures, via microarray analysis.

Cortical neurons from embryonic (day E18) Sprague-Dawley rats were used for primary neuronal culture. NMDAR activation was blocked and the cells were then incubated for 6 hours. Total RNA was extracted, quantified, and analyzed for purity and integrity. Double-stranded cDNA was synthesized, followed by quantile normalization, quantitative polymerase chain reaction validation, and data analysis. The interactions between transcription factors and lncRNAs were analyzed by Pearson correlation.

The lncRNA profiles were obtained after synaptic and extrasynaptic NMDAR activation of rat cortical neuron cultures for 24 hours. In total, 251 lncRNAs were consistently upregulated, and 335 were downregulated, after extrasynaptic NMDAR activation compared with normal neurons. After synaptic NMDAR activation, only 9 lncRNAs were upregulated and 2 were downregulated.

Differential expression of lncRNAs after synaptic and extrasynaptic NMDAR activation suggests that lncRNAs may be responsible for extrasynaptic NMDAR-induced neurodegeneration.
Differential expression of lncRNAs after synaptic and extrasynaptic NMDAR activation suggests that lncRNAs may be responsible for extrasynaptic NMDAR-induced neurodegeneration.
Throughout the 20 century, in developed countries there has been a secular trend toward earlier menarche. Over the past 2 decades, however, there has been an apparent stabilization in the average age of menarche age in most Western countries.

The objective of this study was to analyze the mean age of menarche in a cohort of Italian girls, to analyze the mean age of breast button appearance (B2), and to correlate the B2 developmental stage and age at menarche with the most important clinical and auxological parameters.

We retrospectively evaluated the data of 1458 Italian girls born between 1995 and 2003. PDS0330 We collected the main auxological and clinical parameters, including age at B2, age at menarche, height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) at B2 and menarche and, when possible, adult/near adult height.

The mean age of B2 was 10.16 ± 1.00 years, significantly earlier than previously reported for Italian girls (P < .05); the mean age of menarche was 12.07 ± 0.99 years, also significantly earlier than previously reported (P < .
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