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Knowing Choline Bioavailability as well as Usage: Basis of Customizing Choline Diet.
OBJECTIVES Cricothyrotomy is an intervention performed to salvage "can't intubate, can't ventilate" situations. Studies have shown poor accuracy with landmarking the cricothyroid membrane, particularly in female patients by surgeons and anesthesiologists. This study examines the perceived versus actual success rate of landmarking the cricothyroid membrane by resident and staff emergency physicians using obese and non-obese models. METHODS Five male and female volunteers were models. Each model was placed supine, and a point-of-care ultrasound expert landmarked the borders of each cricothyroid membrane; 20 residents and 15 staff emergency physicians were given one attempt to landmark five models. Overall accuracy and accuracy stratified by sex and obesity status were calculated. RESULTS Overall landmarking accuracy amongst all participants was 58% (SD 18%). A difference in accuracy was found for obese males (88%) versus obese females (40%) (difference = 48%, 95% CI = 30-65%, p less then 0.0001), and non-obese males (77%) versus non-obese females (46%) (difference = 31%, 95% CI = 12-51%, p = 0.004). There was no association between perceived difficulty and success (correlation = 0.07, 95% CI = -0.081-0.214, p = 0.37). Confidence levels overall were higher amongst staff physicians (3.0) than residents (2.7) (difference = 0.3, 95% CI = 0.1-0.6, p = 0.02), but there was no correlation between confidence in an attempt and its success (p = 0.33). CONCLUSION We found that physicians demonstrate significantly lower accuracy when landmarking cricothyroid membranes of females. Emergency physicians were unable to predict their own accuracy while landmarking, which can potentially lead to increased failed attempts and a longer time to secure the airway. Improved training techniques may reduce failed attempts and improve the time to secure the airway.Heat shock proteins (HSPs) consist of highly preserved stress proteins that are expressed in response to stress. Two studies were carried out to investigate whether HSP genes in hair follicles from beef calves can be suggested as indicators of heat stress (HS). In study 1, hair follicles were harvested from three male Hanwoo calves (aged 172.2 ± 7.20 days) on six dates over the period of 10 April to 9 August 2017. These days provided varying temperature-humidity indices (THIs). In study 2, 16 Hanwoo male calves (aged 169.6 ± 4.60 days, with a BW of 136.9 ± 6.23 kg) were maintained (4 calves per experiment) in environmentally controlled chambers. A completely randomized design with a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement involving two periods (thermoneutral TN; HS) and four THI treatment groups (threshold THI = 68 to 70; mild THI = 74 to 76; moderate THI = 81 to 83; severe THI = 88 to 90). The calves in the different group were subjected to ambient temperature (22°C) for 7 days (TN) and subsequently to the temperature a to heat-stress conditions (moderate and severe levels). We conclude that HSP gene expression in hair follicles provides precise and accurate data for evaluating HS and can be considered a novel indicator of HS in Hanwoo calves maintained in both external and climatic chambers.OBJECTIVE Somatization is a common phenomenon that can severely complicate youths' functioning and health. The burden of somatization on pediatric acute care settings is currently unclear; better understanding it may address challenges clinicians experience in effectively caring for somatizing patients. In this study, we estimate the prevalence of somatization in a pediatric emergency department (ED). METHODS We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study of visits for non-critical, non-mental health-related concerns (n = 150) to a quaternary-level pediatric ED between July 2016 and August 2017. Demographic and clinical visit details were collected through chart review and used by two reviewing clinicians to classify whether each visit had a "probable," "unclear" (possible), or "unlikely" somatizing component. RESULTS Approximately 3.33% (n = 5) of youth displayed probable somatization, and an additional 13.33% (n = 20) possibly experienced a somatizing component but require additional psychosocial and visit documentation to be certain. Longer symptom duration and multiple negative diagnostic tests were associated with a higher likelihood of either probable or possible somatization. CONCLUSIONS A considerable proportion of non-mental health-related visits may involve a somatizing component, indicating the burden of mental health concerns on the ED may be underestimated. A higher index of suspicion for the possibility of somatization may support clinicians in managing somatizing patients.The widespread use of genome-wide association studies resulted in the discovery of genomic regions associated with fatty acid (FA) composition in different porcine tissues, but little information exists about the genes involved in FA composition of meat obtained from heavy pigs selected for the production of Italian dry-cured hams. To this objective, we genotyped with a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panel 795 Italian Large White heavy pigs to identify the markers and genomic regions associated with Semimembranosus muscle FA profile. Heritability estimates for intramuscular fat FA profile were of low-to-moderate magnitude, suggesting that these traits may be improved with genomic selection. On the whole, 45 SNPs were significantly associated with 14 FAs, and 4 of them (ALGA008109, ALGA0081097, CASI0010164 and SIRI0000267) were associated with more than 1 FA. The palmitoleic palmitic and oleic stearic ratios displayed the highest number of significant markers and the most significant associations (Bonferroni adjusted P less then 5.00E-07). Of particular interest, the palmitoleic palmitic ratio was strongly associated with markers located at 111 to 114 Mb on chromosome 14, in the same chromosomal region where Stearoyl-CoA desaturase Δ9 (SCD) gene is located. Quizartinib Several significant chromosomal regions were found; some of them harbour key genes playing pivotal roles in FA desaturation and elongation, such as SCD and some members of the Elongation of Very Long-Chain FA (ELOVL) gene family. The results suggest that the identification of causal mutations in these regions may provide a set of markers useful for selection schemes aimed at improving FA composition in pork products.The psychological well-being of family caregivers is influenced by their relations with care receivers, and whether they have choice in becoming a caregiver. Limited study has explored the interaction effect of caregiver-receiver relations and caregiving choice on caregivers' psychological well-being. This study examines whether the caregiver's perceived choice moderates the association between caregiver-receiver relation and psychological well-being. Using population-based data from the 2012 Canada General Social Survey - Caregiving and Care Receiving (n = 5,285), this study applies regression and ANCOVA analyses. Results show family caregivers for spouses and children report significantly worse psychological well-being, whereas having choice to become a caregiver is associated with better psychological well-being. There was a significant moderation effect of caregiving choice on the association between caregiver-receiver relation and psychological well-being. Findings suggest that more services should be targeted for family caregivers without choice for caregiving as well as those who provide care for their children.Four putative knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations have been documented in the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene of Cimex hemipterus from several countries. However, no information regarding kdr mutations in any Chinese tropical bed bug population is available to date. In this study, a double-mutation（M918I + L1014F）kdr allele was identified in six C. hemipterus populations across Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China. The frequency of this allele was 100% in all the six examined populations. In addition, only two cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene haplotypes, with one synonymous nucleotide variation, were identified in a total of 48 individuals from six locations. The fixation and broad geographic distribution of this resistant allele questions the continued use of pyrethroids in the treatment of tropical bed bug infestations. The very low genetic diversity within and among these populations indicates that these bed bugs may have a single origin.Transgelin is a protein reported to be a marker of several cancers. However, previous studies have shown both up- and down-regulation of transgelin in tumors when compared with non-tumor tissues and the mechanisms whereby transgelin may affect the development of cancer remain largely unknown. Transgelin is especially abundant in smooth muscle cells and is associated with actin stress fibers. These contractile structures participate in cell motility, adhesion, and the maintenance of cell morphology. Here, the role of transgelin in breast cancer is focused on. Initially, the effects of transgelin on cell migration of the breast cancer cell lines, BT 549 and PMC 42, is studied. Interestingly, transgelin silencing increased the migration of PMC 42 cells, but decreased the migration of BT 549 cells. To clarify these contradictory results, the changes in protein abundances after transgelin silencing in these two cell lines are analyzed using quantitative proteomics. The results confirmed the role of transgelin in the migration of BT 549 cells and suggest the involvement of transgelin in apoptosis and small molecule biochemistry in PMC 42 cells. The context-dependent function of transgelin reflects the different molecular backgrounds of these cell lines, which differ in karyotypes, mutation statuses, and proteome profiles. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.BACKGROUND To assess the growth outcomes at 18 months corrected age in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants compared to standardized norms, and in VLBW infants with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) or fetal growth restriction (FGR). METHODS In all, 1149 VLBW infants completed anthropometrics at 18 months corrected age. To derive weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) percentiles and z-scores at 18 months, we used the SAS macro from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). z-scores for a child's sex and age are based on the World Health Organization's growth charts for children less then 24 months of age. RESULTS Female and male VLBW infants had higher body-mass-index (BMI)-for-age z-scores compared to normative data (0.82 and 1.77 respectively). No significant difference was found in BMI-for-age z-scores in BPD and non-BPD (1.76 vs. 2.3; p = 0.4), nor in FGR and non-FGR (1.24 vs. 2.16; p = 0.2). CONCLUSIONS At 18 months corrected age, VLBW infants, including those with BPD or FGR, had BMI-for-age z-scores higher than reference standards. No significant difference was seen comparing BMI-for-age z-scores in the BPD/non-BPD and FGR/non-FGR groups.Overlap syndrome (OVS) is the concurrence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and is associated with poor outcomes. We hypothesized that physiological changes in COPD may affect the pathogenesis of OSA in important ways. We therefore sought to measure the anatomical and nonanatomical OSA traits in individuals with OVS and compare to those with OSA alone. Patients with established OVS were recruited, along with age, gender, and BMI matched OSA only controls. Smoking and relevant comorbidities or medications were excluded. Subjects underwent baseline polysomnography followed by an overnight physiological research study to measure the OSA traits (Veupnea , Varousal , Vpassive , Vactive , and loop gain). Fifteen subjects with OVS and 15 matched controls with OSA alone were studied (overall 66 ± 8 years, 20% women, BMI 31 ± 4 kg/m2 , apnea-hypopnea index 49 ± 36/hr). Mixed-modeling was used to incorporate each measurement (range 52-270 measures/trait), and account for age, gender, and BMI.
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