Notes

Pre-conception serum ferritin levels are usually associated with metal amounts inside body while pregnant: A cohort study inside Benin.
Behavior problems are one of the most common mental health disorders in childhood and can undermine children's health, education, and employment outcomes into adulthood. There are few effective interventions for early childhood.

To test the clinical effectiveness of a brief parenting intervention, the Video-feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting and Sensitive Discipline (VIPP-SD), in reducing behavior problems in children aged 12 to 36 months.

The Healthy Start, Happy Start study was a 2-group, parallel-group, researcher-blind, multisite randomized clinical trial conducted via health visiting services in 6 National Health Service trusts in England. Baseline and 5-month follow-up data were collected between July 30, 2015, and April 27, 2018. Of 818 eligible families, 227 declined to participate, and 300 were randomized into the trial. Target participants were caregivers of children who scored in the top 20% for behavior problems on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. selleck products Participants wThere was a mean difference in the total Preschool Parental Account of Children's Symptoms score of 2.03 (95% CI, 0.06-4.01; P = .04; Cohen d = 0.20 [95% CI, 0.01-0.40]) between trial groups, with fewer behavior problems in the VIPP-SD group, particularly conduct symptoms (mean difference, 1.61 [95% CI, 0.44-2.78]; P = .007; d = 0.30 [95% CI, 0.08-0.51]). Other child behavior outcomes showed similar evidence favoring VIPP-SD. No treatment or trial-related adverse events were reported.

This study found that VIPP-SD was effective in reducing symptoms of early behavior problems in young children when delivered in a routine health service context.

isrctn.org Identifier ISRCTN58327365.
isrctn.org Identifier ISRCTN58327365.
Literacy has been described as an important social determinant of health. Its components emerge in infancy and are dependent on genetic, medical, and environmental factors. The American Academy of Pediatrics advocates a substantial role for pediatricians in literacy promotion, developmental surveillance, and school readiness to promote cognitive, relational, and brain development. Many children, especially those from minority and underserved households, enter kindergarten unprepared to learn to read and subsequently have difficulty in school.

Emergent literacy is a developmental process beginning in infancy. Component skills are supported by brain regions that must be adequately stimulated and integrated to form a functional reading network. Trajectories are associated with genetic, medical, and environmental factors, notably the home literacy environment, which is defined as resources, motivation, and stimulation that encourage the literacy development process. Eco-biodevelopmental models are advocated by environmental factors before kindergarten, a time of rapid brain development. This framework is consistent with recommendations from the American Academy of Pediatrics and provides insights to help identify risk factors and signs of potential reading difficulties, tailor guidance, and provide direction for future research.
Neuroimaging and behavioral evidence inform an eco-biodevelopmental model of emergent literacy that is associated with genetic, medical, and home literacy environmental factors before kindergarten, a time of rapid brain development. This framework is consistent with recommendations from the American Academy of Pediatrics and provides insights to help identify risk factors and signs of potential reading difficulties, tailor guidance, and provide direction for future research.
Therapeutic drug monitoring has traditionally been widely used for first-generation antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) such as carbamazepine and phenytoin. The last 2 decades have seen the introduction of second- and third-generation AEDs (eg, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, and topiramate) into clinical practice.

To use data from the College of American Pathologists Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Extended proficiency testing survey to determine the performance of assays used for therapeutic drug monitoring of newer AEDs, including comparison of enzyme immunoassay and chromatographic techniques.

Six years of proficiency testing surveys were reviewed (2013-2018).

Steady growth was seen in participant volumes for newer AEDs. The analytical performance of automated enzyme immunoassays for lamotrigine, levetiracetam, and topiramate was similar to that of chromatographic methods, consistent with published literature using patient samples for comparisons. The majority of participating laboratories now use enzyme immunoassays to measure levetiracetam.

Survey results reflect steadily growing interest in therapeutic drug monitoring of newer AEDs. The increasing availability of robust immunoassays for new AEDs should facilitate their clinical utility, especially for clinical laboratories that do not perform chromatographic assays for therapeutic drug monitoring.
Survey results reflect steadily growing interest in therapeutic drug monitoring of newer AEDs. The increasing availability of robust immunoassays for new AEDs should facilitate their clinical utility, especially for clinical laboratories that do not perform chromatographic assays for therapeutic drug monitoring.
B-cell clones discovered in tissue biopsies, without overt lymphoma, may represent a tissue counterpart to peripheral blood monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL), herein termed tMBL.

To characterize the clinicopathologic features of tMBL.

During a 10-year period, we retrospectively identified non-bone marrow/peripheral blood cases with monotypic B cells detected by tissue-based flow cytometry, but without an identifiable lymphomatous infiltrate on routine histopathology. We excluded cases with prior diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/small lymphocytic lymphoma or MBL.

Fifty-four cases were identified (35 lymph node, 3 splenic, and 16 soft tissue/viscera). Forty-six cases were CLL-type, 2 were atypical CLL, and 6 were non-CLL. tMBL was detectable by immunohistochemistry in 14 cases (26%, all CLL-type). Concurrent blood flow cytometry, available in 10 cases, showed 4 with low-count MBL (3 CLL-type, 1 with non-CLL-type), 5 with high-count MBL (all CLL-type), and 1 case negative for clonal population. With median follow-up of 51 months, 2 patients had progression of disease (CLL, 68.7 months; and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, 5.9 months). Patients with IHC-detectable tMBL had increased monoclonal B cells per total lymphocyte events (P = .01), morphologic evidence of bone marrow involvement (P = .04), higher white blood cell count (P = .02), and increased absolute lymphocyte count (P = .02).

tMBL spans an immunophenotypic spectrum similar to MBL, is detectable by immunohistochemistry in a minority of cases (often CLL immunophenotype), and is likely systemic in most cases. Development of overt lymphoma is uncommon but may occur, warranting clinical follow-up.
tMBL spans an immunophenotypic spectrum similar to MBL, is detectable by immunohistochemistry in a minority of cases (often CLL immunophenotype), and is likely systemic in most cases. Development of overt lymphoma is uncommon but may occur, warranting clinical follow-up.
Identification of functional transcriptional regulators associated with chromatin in-teractions is an important problem in studies of 3-dimensional genome organization and gene regulation. Direct inference of TR binding has been limited by the resolu-tion of Hi-C data. Here, we present BART3D, a computational method for inferring TRs associated with genome-wide differential chromatin interactions by comparing Hi-C maps from two states, leveraging public ChIP-seq data for human and mouse. We demonstrate that BART3D can detect relevant TRs from dynamic Hi-C profiles with TR perturbation or cell differentiation. BART3D can be a useful tool in 3D genome data analysis and functional genomics research.

BART3D is implemented in Python and the source code is available at https//github.com/zanglab/bart3d.

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.Cisplatin resistance is a major challenge for bladder cancer (BC). Evidence indicates that exosome derived from cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF-Exo) can promote chemotherapy resistance in various human tumors by delivering bioactive molecules. We have previously demonstrated that CAF-derived exosomal LINC00355 promotes BC cell proliferation and invasion. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role and mechanisms of CAF-derived exosomal LINC00355 in BC cell resistance to cisplatin. Exosomes were isolated from normal fibroblasts (NFs) and BC tumor-derived CAFs, namely, NF-Exo and CAF-Exo. CAFs were transfected with si-Ctrl or si-LINC00355 and then different exosomes were isolated, namely, CAFsi-Ctrl-Exo and CAFsi-LINC00355-Exo. The human BC cell lines (T24 and 5367) were incubated with NF-Exo, CAF-Exo, CAFsi-Ctrl-Exo, and CAFsi-LINC00355-Exo in the presence of cisplatin. MTT proliferation assay and flow cytometric analysis showed that CAF-Exo promoted BC cell resistance to cisplatin and upregulated ABCB1 expression in BC cells by transferring LINC00355 to BC cells. Luciferase activity assay confirmed the interaction between miR-34b-5p and LINC00355 or ABCB1. qRT-PCR and western blot analysis further showed that LINC00355 sponged miR-34b-5p to upregulate ABCB1 expression. However, the promoting effects of CAF-Exo on BC cell resistance to cisplatin were abolished by miR-34b-5p overexpression and ABCB1 silencing. In conclusion, exosomal LINC00355 derived from CAFs promotes BC cell resistance to cisplatin by regulating the miR-34b-5p/ABCB1 axis.
Prepregnancy overweight/obesity (OWO) and isolated maternal hypothyroxinemia (IMH) may increase the risk of macrosomia, but little is known about their potential combined effect on macrosomia.

The aim of this study was to assess whether prepregnancy OWO and first-trimester IMH have a synergistic effect on the risk of macrosomia.

A large prospective cohort study in a Chinese population from January 2016 to December 2018 in a tertiary care center. In total, 34 930 pregnant women were included. The main outcome measure was macrosomia.

A total of 34 930 participants comprising IMH and euthyroid cases was included in this study. Prepregnancy OWO and first-trimester IMH were independently associated with an increased risk of macrosomia (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.48, 95% CI 2.22, 2.78, and adjusted OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.34, 2.01, respectively). The coexistence of prepregnancy OWO and IMH was associated with macrosomia, with an adjusted OR of 5.26 (95% CI 3.9, 7.0) compared with pregnant women without either condition. The additive interaction between prepregnancy OWO and IMH was found to be significant with regard to macrosomia.

Prepregnancy OWO and IMH in the first trimester may synergistically increase the risk of macrosomia.
Prepregnancy OWO and IMH in the first trimester may synergistically increase the risk of macrosomia.Self-cleaving ribozymes are genetic elements found in all domains of life, but their evolution remains poorly understood. A ribozyme located in the second intron of the cytoplasmic polyadenylation binding protein 3 gene (CPEB3) shows high sequence conservation in mammals, but little is known about the functional conservation of self-cleaving ribozyme activity across the mammalian tree of life or during the course of mammalian evolution. Here, we use a phylogenetic approach to design a mutational library and a deep sequencing assay to evaluate the in vitro self-cleavage activity of numerous extant and resurrected CPEB3 ribozymes that span over 100 My of mammalian evolution. We found that the predicted sequence at the divergence of placentals and marsupials is highly active, and this activity has been conserved in most lineages. A reduction in ribozyme activity appears to have occurred multiple different times throughout the mammalian tree of life. The in vitro activity data allow an evaluation of the predicted mutational pathways leading to extant ribozyme as well as the mutational landscape surrounding these ribozymes.
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